单位党建和社区党建的互动是构建和谐城市社会的重要途径

当前我国城市社会出现了单位和社区并存的组织结构。单位和社区的分立及其矛盾,作为城市诸多社会矛盾的表现和复合体,将成为构建和谐城市社会的主要障碍。与此同时,我国城市基层党建领域也出现了单位和社区两种党建模式并存的局面,并且与单位和社区分立的社会结构具有很强的同构性。所以,要构建和谐的城市社会,必须有执政党基层党组织体系内的和谐;要克服城市社会基本结构中的“二元化”状态,就必须实现单位党建和社区党建的互动。在当前单位和社区互动乏力的情况下,两种党建模式的互动将成为克服单位和社区组织“二元化”状态的重要动力,成为构建和谐城市社会的重要途径。     

污名化情境及其应对策略:流动人口的城市适应及其社区变迁的个案研究

面对污名化及其制度性排斥的社会情境,流动人口群体应当在社会互动和关系纽带基础上,形成以城市适应为中心的集体化应对策略来化解新环境的生存风险;同时这种日常生活实践化的集体关系网络关系到社区结构相互作用,进而影响社区的发展实践。笔者通过分析一个流动人口聚居区的社区实践过程,肯定了流动人口作为社会实践主体的能动性,从同化适应策略、关系性适应策略到发展性适应策略,不同时期的城市适应形态显示了流动人口面对污名化情境的自主选择性,并由此带来流动人口聚居区的社区整体结构变迁。     

Institutional Developments in the Russian System of Social Security: Organizational and Interorganizational Aspects

In the course of the present transition in Russian society, a new system of social security has been developed. The previous Soviet system has been replaced by a system of four more or less independent social funds, covering the main branches of social security. These funds are supposed to be run according to insurance principles and to be financed by contributions, mainly from employers. Given the difficult economic and social situation of the country, there have been increasing demands for effectiveness in the management of the different funds and also in the management of the whole social security system. The results of this study show that the social funds have developed different organizational structures with different degrees of centralization and decentralization. Only one of the funds seems to be relatively well-functioning and effective, while the others have experienced more or less serious problems in fulfilling their main tasks and functions. The most serious problems, however, seem to stem from the structure of the social security system as a whole, which is perceived as fragmented and badly coordinated. In order to improve the coordination of the system, there have been proposals to merge two or more funds into a unified social security organization. This strategy is open to question, however, since it would increase the bureaucracy of the system. There are other ways in which the structure of the social security system might be advanced. Such developments should be based on an analysis of the system from the perspective of the individual client or patient.     

机构养老高龄老人生活质量调查——以济南市某养老机构为个案

本文以济南市某养老机构为个案，对机构养老高龄老人的生活质量进行了调查，从主客观两个方面分析了养老机构中老人的生活现状，并从社会工作的专业视角对机构的服务管理提出了相应的建议。     

大学生志愿者团队的运行机制研究——以玛丽斯特普国际组织欧盟广西大学生同伴教育项目为例

伴随着"国家危机"的扩展,"全球结社革命"的出现,"非营利组织"开始参与中国的社会公益服务,并且地位和作用越来越明显。中国青年志愿者行动是一项中国政府倡导的,与国际接轨、与社会主义市场经济同向发展的跨世纪的事业。从玛丽斯特普国际组织欧盟广西大学生同伴教育项目所合作的高校的大学生同伴教育志愿者的团队特征为起点,分析团队运行机制的现状,针对其运行机制的不足,如何加强志愿者团队运行机制建设思路进行探讨。     

比较优势、规模经济与城市竞争力的理论分析

国内外学者在对城市竞争力的研究中,往往侧重城市竞争力的测算和排名,缺乏对城市竞争力形成的原因进行深度的理论分析,本文主要借用国际贸易中的比较优势理论和规模经济理论来分析城市竞争力形成的原因。文章指出,外部规模经济是形成城市竞争力的关键因素,产业集群是外部规模经济的表现形式,并用新古典经济学、新制度经济学、新增长理论和产业组织理论对外部规模经济形成竞争优势的原因展开理论分析。最后,文章以深圳为例进一步说明在开放和创新基础上形成的外部规模经济是产生强大城市竞争力的根本原因,培植关键产业的城市集群是提升城市未来竞争力的政策取向。     

Reflections on Zambia's demographic profile and population policy

"This paper attempts to describe the nature of Zambia's demographic situation, which eventually led to the formulation of a national population policy; the policy instrument; and some of the measures necessary for the effective implementation of the policy....[The] situation is characterised by three dominant features: a high rate of natural increase, massive urbanisation, and wide variations in fertility and mortality levels between the provinces (independent of differences between rural and urban areas)."     

Resource platform,capacity building and social networking: a case study of NPI initiative

From the perspective of ‘state-society relations’, Chinese non-governmental organizations (NGOs) are commonly perceived as having a restrained and limited role in China and being subject to various degrees of government supervision. In recent years the third sector in China has gradually developed its own unique survival strategies. Although grassroots Chinese NGOs have increased rapidly, a majority of them face long-term sustainability, especially during the start-up period. In response to these needs, NPI Initiative is developed, drawing on the commercial concept of business incubators in providing comprehensive support to newly established NGOs. The paper first provides an overview of the current situation of NGO development in China. Second, it introduces NPI Initiative as a matrix organization of several supportive organizations, with a case example to illustrate the role and function of NPI in the incubation of selected Chinese NGOs. Third, it discusses how NPI has been functioning as a ‘bridge’ between government organizations and grassroots NGOs.     

北京卫星城发展的现状、问题和对策建议

北京的卫星城已经具备一定规模,分担主城区功能的作用逐步提高,产业支撑力、辐射力和带动力有所增强,但也存在一些问题。本文就此提出对策:构建参与区域中心城市大循环的“主题产业城区”;培植卫星城支柱产业体系,加快卫星城工业化进程和城市基础设施建设;适应逆城市化趋势,适当分散部分中心城区职能;创新卫星城组织模式和体制;把卫星城作为京郊城市化的龙头,通过制度创新促进其发展。     

中国优秀传统文化与和谐社会

构建社会主义和谐社会是对优秀文化传统的继承和发展。本文论述了儒家的贵和精神与社会和谐思想;和谐对于社会存在和社会发展的重要作用;儒家人文精神在构建社会主义和谐社会中的现实意义。     

论小岛屿国家联盟的内部机制——以国际气候谈判立场为分析起点

气候谈判问题正逐渐演变成一场气候、经济、政治等利益的多重博弈。在松散的组织和复杂利益下,传统阵营,尤其是发展中国家阵营的破碎和重组必将成为国际气候谈判中一股重要的发展中国家力量,研究其联盟内部的差异性对于当前中国扭转在气候谈判中的被动性,争取更多的国际合作的力量有着重大意义。本文通过对小岛屿国家联盟内部不同的社会发展阶段、不同的地缘政治情况和不同的对外贸易情况进行归类,明确不同类别国家的不同立场,进而提出中国相应的应对策略。     

低保未就业人员的情况分析与促进就业的基本思路--对北京市东城区调查数据的分析

文章基于北京市东城区低保人口的严格抽样调查数据 ,对低保未就业人员的基本情况、就业意愿、培训及求职情况进行了分析 ,提出应在开发就业岗位、拓宽就业渠道的前提下 ,针对低保未就业人员的不同情况 ,采取市场手段与非市场手段相结合的、多种形式的就业扶持措施 ,并加强社会救助与就业政策之间的衔接     

社会工作视角下的城市居民最低生活保障制度

我国经济发展和社会转型时期,城市居民最低生活保障被称作是城镇居民的"最后一道安全网"。本文阐述了中国城市居民最低生活保障制度实施的历史和现状,在对城市居民最低生活保障政策实施过程中出现的问题进行分析基础上,探讨运用社会工作的方法实施城市居民最低生活保障政策。     

Regional Specialization and Urban Development in England during the Industrial Revolution*

The Industrial Revolution led to the formation of a clear regional specialization in terms of production in England. Northwestern England developed into a modern industrial area, where the secondary industry sector was the main sector. London and its periphery in southeastern England developed mainly domestic and foreign trade, the financial industry and high-level service industry, all of which belong to the tertiary industry sector. The vast intermediate area between the northwest and the southeast mainly developed the first industry sector, namely commercial corn-animal husbandry. This regional economic specialization had a profound impact on urban development, under which the development of the three major regions showed different characteristics in terms of urban functions, city size and regional urban system. Specially, in the intermediate zone, there left traces of rural towns in the pre-industrial period.     

社会工作视角下的城市居民最低生活保障制度

我国经济发展和社会转型时期,城市居民最低生活保障被称作是城镇居民的“最后一道安全网”。本文阐述了中国城市居民最低生活保障制度实施的历史和现状．在对城市居民最低生活保障政策实施过程中出现的问题进行分析基础上,探讨运用社会工作的方法实施城市居民最低生活保障政策。     

资源型城市转型的现实路径：加快企业改革改制——以甘肃省白银市为例

在我国,资源型城市为地区经济发展和城市化进程做出了重要贡献,但伴随着资源枯竭,这些城市将普遍面临着转型的问题。作为城市经济主体的企业如何改革改制焕发活力,成为决定资源型城市转型成功与否的关键。以资源型城市的典型代表甘肃省白银市为例,从其发展现实入手,有针对性地就加快企业改革改制推进资源型城市转型提出了几点思路与对策建议。     

Are the poor worse at dealing with ambiguity?

This paper studies the relationship between people’s ambiguity attitudes and income in the field using language as a natural source of ambiguity. It shows that the method of Baillon et al. (2017b) can be adapted for field studies, providing ambiguity measurement tasks that are more comprehensible for nonacademic subjects. Ambiguity attitudes were elicited in two groups of Chinese adolescents (poor rural and rich urban), among whom the income variation is big. In the rural group the poorer are both more ambiguity averse and more a-insensitive, whereas in the urban group the richer are more a-insensitivite. On average, the poor rural adolescents are worse at dealing with ambiguity than their urban counterparts. A-insensitivity, which measures people’s understanding of an ambiguous situation, is an important but sometimes neglected component of ambiguity attitude. Policies aiming to help people improve decisions may focus more on reducing a-insensitivity as this cognitive bias is more likely to be influenced by intervention than people’s intrinsic aversion towards ambiguity.     

城市贫困治理范式的转变——多元化治理的视角

一直以来，中国城市减贫坚持“政府主导，社会参与”，虽然在政策层面“社会参与”是减贫策略之一，但在操作层面，“社会参与”往往停留于动员热心人士捐款捐物，而未看到它的真正力量源于社会组织所带来的减贫创新。基于广州市W慈善会的个案研究，探究多元化贫困治理的运作逻辑及其政策含义。提出应当把一颗颗孤立的爱心和一项项零散的行动汇聚成组织化的公民参与力量，创新社会参与渠道，深化官民合作机制，更好地发挥NPO和社会资源在贫困救助中的作用。     

The mutual benefit movement in Chile from its origins to the present time (1853-1992)

The mutual benefit movement in Chile first appeared with the beginnings of industrialization and urbanization from the 1830s onwards. The first associations of urban workers emerged in 1853: this was followed by an initial period of expansion of mutual benefit activities until 1890. Almost all the urban trades were represented. During this period the mutual benefit movement was the principal organizing force for popular demands. From the 1890s onwards mutual benefit — linked with the workers'movement — grew rapidly and entered on a process of unification. Encouraging the development of the trade union movement, it took a leading part in determining the shape of the people's movements and maintained this role until 1924: this period marked the high point of mutual benefit activities in Chile. Mutual benefit organizations defended workers'demands and the boundaries between mutual benefit and trade union organizations were quite fluid. But the adoption of the social legislation and the support offered by certain leaders of the mutual benefit movement to the military dictatorship marked the beginning of the movement's decline. Efforts were then made to extend its scope of activities and unify the mutual benefit movement in Chile and in Latin America as a whole. The results of this were limited and the crisis continued after the Second World War. The 1973 coup d'état aggravated the situation still further. Today, with the virtual destruction of social security and its replacement by a system of private insurance schemes, one needs to ask whether the Chilean mutual benefit movement, which at one time was the principal form of popular organization, has a future.     

The Emergence of a Community-based Social Assistance Programme in Urban China

To many people, the problem of poverty in China was confined mainly to the rural areas, and the situation of urban poverty was regarded as insignificant. Yet in fact, market-orientated economic reforms have created an urban underclass, made up of poorly paid state workers, the unemployed, and migrants from the countryside. In attempting to respond to the mounting needs of the urban poor, the Chinese government has introduced a means-tested social assistance programme in the cities since the mid-1990s. This paper describes the basic philosophy, structure and operation of this programme, and provides a general assessment of its functions and shortcomings.