少数民族商人城市文化调适与城市民族工作方法的创新——以成都彝族果商的形成、影响为例

以成都彝族果商为例,使用2014年度六次入户访谈（采取彝汉双语半结构深度访谈）和抽样问卷的统计资料,针对彝族果商形成的原因及社会影响进行梳理、论证,提出城市管理工作中涉及少数民族管理的可行性建议。少数民族在进入城市生存与发展过程中,非常愿意接受城市营销管理规则和城市人基本权益等常识,然而苦于无处获得有益的信息。目前城市管理工作中,对少数民族外来人口一直滞留于以干预为主的模式。少数民族人口流动的城市管理工作必须选择一条以预防为主、干预为辅的道路,即及时、有效地在萌芽阶段发现问题和解决问题,才能使顺利实现创建和谐社会的目标。     

论少数民族文化发展与民族关系和谐的互动

我国是一个多元文化的国家,少数民族文化是中华文化的重要组成部分。少数民族文化的繁荣发展对于社会主义民族关系的健康发展以及和谐社会的构建具有重要的作用和意义。十七届六中全会提出了"文化强国"战略,少数民族文化的发展对于中国经济社会建设的作用愈发凸显。厘清少数民族文化发展繁荣与社会主义民族关系构建的关系,明确少数民族文化的大发展大繁荣对于中国经济社会发展的重要作用和意义,规划发展繁荣少数民族文化的有效措施,将是我们当前民族研究工作的重要内容之一。     

少数民族流动人口与城市民族工作

本文在研究少数民族流动人口构成和城市中少数民族流动人口不断增长趋势的基础上 ,提出了城市民族工作在内容、范围、方式方面均应作出适应性的调整。城市民族工作应更注重政策环境的建设 ,注重法制建设 ,注重少数民族人口流出地和流入地政府之间的密切合作与协调 ,建立起更有效的机制 ,从而有效地管理少数民族流动人口 ,并保障少数民族应有的权益     

试论城市少数民族流动人口问题与城市民族关系

少数民族人口的流入对城市民族关系带来了较大影响,致使城市民族关系的发生主体与涉及范围增加.在厘清少数民族流动人口与城市民族关系的内在联系基础上,认为少数民族流动人口问题的出现是对城市民族关系产生消极影响的主要因素,提出不要忽视他们在城市中遇到的一些问题.从两个层面系统解析了少数民族流动人口问题对城市民族关系的具体影响,提出应构建应对城市少数民族流动人口问题的城市民族关系调控新机制,认为其应该由事前防范预警机制、事中排解应对机制、事后处理弥补机制组成,尤其应重视事前防范预警机制的作用.     

浅谈城市民族问题

城市大多是一个地方或地区的政治、经济、文化的中心 ,人口流动性大 ,社会影响力强。加之现在流动到城市的少数民族越来越多 ,城市民族问题与其他社会问题掺杂在一起 ,具有敏感性、辐射性、连锁反应性等特点。城市民族关系已经成为反映我国民族关系好坏的晴雨表。因此 ,研究城市民族问题意义十分重大。本文将从城市少数民族的特点 ,城市民族问题及其主要内容、特点 ,城市民族问题与城市民族工作等五方面分析、论述城市民族问题。     

影响青藏高原少数民族大学生就业的文化因素探析

随着我国的高校毕业生分配就业制度模式的转变,受文化生存环境影响的少数民族大学生群体在就业中受到全面的现代文化的挑战,就业的难度空前加大。现在对少数民族大学生就业问题只是单纯的以经济快速发展来解决,本文认为这种解决办法,实际上不自觉的回避了少数民族大学生在就业中存在的深层次的,也比较抽象的文化层面。少数民族大学生面临的就业危机问题,就是少数民族文化与主流文化(汉文化)发生冲突而导致的一种适应和调整的过程。本文就此方面进行了一定的探讨和论述。     

英语教育与少数民族文化的传承——以渝东南少数民族为例

英语文化和民族文化之间存在着既对立又统一的关系,两者之间既有矛盾冲突又可和谐共处。怎样在当前英语教育的冲击下保持民族文化的特性,继承和发展民族传统文化,处理好外来文化和传统文化的关系,是一个迫切需要探讨的话题。本文以渝东南少数民族为例,研究英语教育对少数民族文化传承的影响,揭示英语教育与少数民族文化传承的关系。     

留住民族文化的根——湖南少数民族古籍工作卓有成效

<正>民族古籍是一个民族的文化根脉和历史记忆,也是一个民族得以延续,并满怀自信走向未来的根基和力量之源。保护民族古籍对于传承和弘扬民族传统文化,密切源远流长、血肉相连的民族关系,提高各民族的历史地位,增强民族自豪感和爱国主义精神都具有重要的现实意义。多年来,在党和政府的亲切关怀下,在省委、省政府的高度重视下,湖南民族古籍工作坚持"保护为主,抢救第一,合理利用,加强管理"的方针和"救人、救书、救学科"的原则,在古籍机构建设、古籍人才培养、古     

浅探民族地区城镇化中的少数民族文化保护

近些年来,随着经济社会的发展,我国民族地区的城镇化发展蓬勃。然而,一些民族地区由于缺乏规划、侧重于经济发展等原因,在城镇化中给少数民族传统文化造成了极大的破坏,使民族文化面临危机。少数民族文化急需加强保护,而文化保护的关键,不仅需要从“物质层”等浅层来保护,更要从“精神实质”、“制度文化”等深层次结构来促进和强化。一、民族地区城镇化中少数民族文化保护的严峻形势近些年来,我国民族地区的城镇化发展迅猛,取得了显著成就.然而,伴随着民族地区的城镇化扩张,也产生了许多不容忽视的问题,如总体发展水平低、浪费严重、环境受…     

土家族的鼓习俗及其文化内涵

鼓本身是一种民俗事象,土家族的信仰、礼仪、生产和生活习俗、节庆、娱乐等等,无不涵蕴着鼓文化的内容。鼓与土家人的生产、生活和生命紧密地联系在一起,具有丰富的民族文化内涵,具有强大的社会功能。本文通过对鼓文化事象的研究,试图深化对土家族传统文化的认识和理解。     

同伴交往对西南少数民族儿童民族文化认知的影响

采用自编的调查问卷,从民间故事传说、民族工艺建筑、民族禁忌、民族崇拜物、民族鬼怪神灵、民族服饰、民族节日、民族饮食这八个方面考察了同伴交往对少数民族儿童民族文化认知的影响。通过对云南丽江纳西族、迪庆藏族、澜沧拉祜族,贵州铜仁苗族、三都水族,四川凉山彝族共1 202名少数民族儿童的调查研究,发现同伴交往对少数民族儿童的民族文化认知产生不同程度的影响,这些影响在不同民族之间以及不同民族文化之间都有着显著的差异。文章分析了同伴交往对西南少数民族儿童的民族文化认知产生影响的特征及其差异性,并在此基础上进一步论述了这些特征和差异性的影响因素及其民族文化教育的启示。     

中国少数民族地区文化产业发展方式转变研究

民族地区文化资源丰富,文化产业发展优势突出,但起步晚,发展基础薄弱;在发展方式上,重文化产品生产,轻文化产业的培育;重文化旅游业的发展,轻内容产业的发展;重文化产品的粗制滥造,轻特色产品的开发。因此,转变文化产业发展方式,是推进民族地区文化产业发展的根本举措。为此,要促进民族文化产业由原始粗放型向规模化集约型转变,由数量扩张型向质量取胜型转变,由低附加值向高附加值转变。     

高校少数民族毕业生就业问题及对策研究——以西南民族大学为例

大学生就业问题近年来成为社会各界关注的热点问题,少数民族大学毕业生的就业问题因其既具有共性,又带有特性,更应成为关注的焦点。本文基于对西南民族大学少数民族毕业生就业问题的调研,发现当前成都地区高校少数民族毕业生一定程度存在热衷大城市就业,沟通能力相对不足,从事工作与所学专业不对口,易受到不公对待等就业问题。究其原因,我们认为与少数民族大学毕业生的传统择业观、汉语水平、学校的专业设置以及用人单位的不当认识有关。为此,本文提出政府应加大对少数民族大学毕业生就业的关注程度;学校应提高少数民族大学生的综合素质;社会应创造公平公正的就业环境;少数民族大学生应提升自身能力、转变择业观念等相关对策建议。     

贵州喀斯特墓葬与民族地区的殡葬改革

Funeral and interment reform is a social revolution of changing customs and tradi-tions, which is conducive to promoting the con-struction of the socialist material, spiritual and ec-ological civilization. The replacement of burial with cremation is the direction of China’s reform on fu-neral and interment traditions. The reform itself is put forward by aiming at the disadvantages of the Han people’s traditional burial custom, however, Guizhou is a typical karst region in China, in which several forms of karst burial have existed throughout history, such as cliff coffins, cave tombs, and sarcophagi, and these customs have been continued to some certain degree up to now. Therefore, how to manage the relation between cre-mation and karst burials has a significant meaning to the respect of the ethnic minorities’ customs and promoting the funeral and interment reform in eth-nic regions. The Binzang guanli tiaoli ( Funeral and inter-ment management regulations) issued by the State Council in 1997 stipulates that “ the objective of the funeral and interment management is to carry out cremation, reform burial, save the interment land, abolish undesirable customs related to the fu-nerals and interment actively and methodically, and advocate civilized and thrifty funerary prac-tices”. That is to say, the original intentions for promoting cremation in the funeral and interment reform for many years include the advocating of thrifty funerals, reducing the burden of funerals on the masses, changing the people’s concept of luxu-rious burials, and saving the cost of funeral in the aspect of economy;banishing superstitions, getting rid of bad habits, and opposing the feudal dross in the aspect of culture; and saving resources and protecting limited cultivated land in the aspect of ecology. In general, the abolition of burial and im-plementation of cremation has become the reform direction of China’s funeral and interment system. Guizhou is a typical karst area in China. There are various forms of cliff-burying, rock tombs, sarcophagi, and cave tombs etc. , especial-ly the cave-burial which is still popular among the Waishu Miao at Taohua village in Qibo township, Pingba County and among the Qing Yao at Yaolu village in Libo County, and sarcophagus burial which is still popular among the Li clan of the Waishu Miao at Xinyi village in Guangzhao town-ship, Qinglong County. These structures reflect the karst characteris-tics of Guizhou tombs, and have an important eco-logical value. The funeral and interment reform is put forward by aiming at the drawbacks of the tra-ditional burial practices of the Han, so if the cliff burial or sarcophagus tombs which have ecological value had been forced to be replaced with crema-tion in the funeral and interment reform, it will lead to an embarrassing situation which is contrary to the original intention of the reform no matter if we consider it from cultural, economic or ecologi-cal viewpoints. Firstly, it will cause a dilemma at the cultural level. We must consider the characteristics of the funeral customs of the ethnic groups during the process of reforming the funeral and interment cus-toms in the ethnic minority areas, in other words, respect the funeral customs of ethnic minorities, as it is an important content of the CCP and the state’s policy for respecting the customs and habits of eth-nic minorities. Due to the differences in geograph-ical environment and social economy, the ethnic minorities have different funeral customs with their own characteristics. These funeral customs, as a part of ethnic culture, help to construct a ritual with a kind of ethnic identity;it is the mark of na-tional culture, which embodies ethnic emotions and maintains ethnic consciousness. The ‘univer-sal application’ in the funeral and interment sys-tem reform doubtlessly make the disappearance of karst characteristics in Guizhou’s burial culture, the diversified burial way has been replaced with single cremation, and that is not good for the pro-tection of cultural diversity. Secondly, it will cause an economic dilemma. One of the purposes of the funeral and intermentre-form is to save funeral costs, and change the con-cept of organizing luxury funerals. The traditional burial custom contains a set of complex funeral cer-emony, which is organized in a very luxurious way, spend a lot of money and increase the people’s economic burden. In contrast, cremation can save costs. However in today’s rural areas, af-ter cremation, the ashes are still buried after being put into a coffin, so it not only increases the eco-nomic burden of the people, but also does not meet the purpose for farmland conservation, hence, it is contrary to the original intention of the funeral re-form, and also causes dissatisfaction among the people. Therefore, compared with cremation, sar-cophagus and cave burial which are still popular in Guizhou are actually a more economic practice. Thirdly,it causes an ecological dilemma. The purpose of funeral reform is to save resources and protect the limited farmland. The traditional burial practice uses coffins and pile graves, which wastes wood, occupies farmland, and also pollutes the en-vironment. Therefore, the environmental protection is the premise and ultimate goal of the funeral and interment reform. Cave burial in Guizhou uses the natural caves, and does not occupy farmland; sar-cophagus burial does not use wooden coffins, so both of them belong to ecological burial practices. However, the implementation of cremation in the areas which used to conduct cave or sarcophagus-burials has created an embarrassing situation. Cave burial and sarcophagus tombs in Guizhou karst areas contain rich ecological ideas, which not only have positive social and practical significance for the protection of the ecological en-vironment of the area, but also have an important reference meaning for the promotion of “ecological funeral” or green funeral in China. Different ethnic groups and different areas have different forms of funeral customs, which have their own justifications. Therefore, the Fu-neral and Interment reform should adapt to local conditions, and take into the consideration the characteristics of the karst region in the case of Guizhou, and fully draw on the rational factors of ethnic burial. The present funeral and interment reform can take reference from the following three aspects from the ethnic burial culture of Guizhou:The first is to delimit some appropriate burial zones and maintain properly some burial customs which has ecological value. We advocate various forms of burial in these specific burial zones, for instances, tree burial of the Basha Miao in Con-gjiang country, deep burial of the Chang-clan Yao in Libo county, and sarcophagus tombs of Li-clan Waishu Miao in Qinglong County. These forms of burial with ecological protection value not only play an exemplary role for the ecological protection in ethnic regions, but also will help for the ethnic cultural inheritance. The second is to make full use of the natural characteristics of the karst area, and properly en-courage cave burial which does not take up the cul-tivated land. In this way, not only can the cave burial custom of the Yao in Libo and the Washu Miao in Pingba be kept, but also the cliff burial custom which does not take up the cultivated land could be encouraged among the residents in the karst region. This kind of cliff burial not only re-duces the waste of cultivated land, but also re-stricts the superstitious activities in the funeral. The karst area in Guizhou is very extensive, so it has a unique advantage in conducting cave burial. The funeral and interment reform can take the local conditions into consideration, and play up the ad-vantages of natural environment. Instead of empha-sizing cremation blindly, we should take the cave burial into practice. The third is to convert karst caves into ceme-tery for placing ashes so as to change the tradition-al way of building a cemetery on the hill for placing ashes in the cremation areas. In the karst area, if an area is delimited as a cremation zone, then the burial of body or burial of bone ash coffin should be prohibited. Generally, ashes should be deposi-ted in sepulchral chapels or buried in cemeteries. Although most cemeteries are built on barren hills or land, they still occupy land and waste land re-sources. The use of cement and stone materials creates white pollution. Meanwhile, the construc-tion of cemeteries destroys the mountain and causes soil erosion. Therefore, the cemetery is not the di-rection of the funeral and interment reform in the long run, and also does not meet the original inten-tion of the reform.     

少数民族影视铸牢中华民族共同体意识的多重逻辑

少数民族影视是生产、培育、传播并塑造各个民族共同心理的重要载体,也是构筑中华民族共有精神家园的有机要素,更是铸牢中华民族共同体意识的主要阵地之一。本文主要从少数民族影视与铸牢中华民族共同体意识的关系视角进行分析得出：少数民族影视生产、发展、传播、创新是铸牢中华民族共同体意识的有效路径,并在理论与实践逻辑两个方面都具有高度的一致性。具体来说,理论上主要表现为少数民族影视生产、发展与铸牢中华民族共同体意识在本质逻辑上的紧密相连与结构逻辑上的相辅相成;实践上主要表现其传播、创新在功能逻辑上的相得益彰与选择逻辑上的殊途同归。正确认识少数民族影视生产、发展、传播、创新层面与铸牢中华民族共同体意识的多重逻辑,才能促进少数民族影视与铸牢中华民族共同体意识协调发展。     

多元文化主义视阈下的少数民族权利问题

历史地看,多元文化主义一开始就与少数民族争取平等权利的要求密切相关。当前关于多元文化主义与少数民族权利的研究有两个特点,一是并不严格区分多元文化主义的不同维度;二是往往把多元文化主义仅视为少数民族的权利理论,没有从多民族国家构建的角度理解多元文化主义的重要意义。本文认为,多元文化主义至少存在于事实、理论、意识形态、政策和价值理念五个维度,每个维度下的"少数民族权利"都呈现出不同的面相,具有不同的意义和效果。少数民族权利保护与多民族国家构建是同一个历史过程的两个方面。多元文化主义不仅仅是少数民族的权利理论,它也是多民族国家构建的重要理论支点。     

多元文化教育视角下的少数民族公民教育

中国是由 5 6个民族组成的多民族国家 ,每一个少数民族都拥有自己独特的文化传统与宗教信仰 ,因此 ,少数民族人民的公民教育便具有自身的特点和规律性。从多元文化教育理论的角度思考少数民族公民教育模式 ,探索多元文化基础上的公民培养机制 ,具有重要的现实意义     

民族地区自然生态利益探析

本文认为 ,自然生态利益是民族地区的一种重要利益。维护民族地区的自然生态利益 ,是发展民族经济 ,提高少数民族群众物质文化生活水平 ,加强民族团结 ,保持社会稳定 ,全面推进民族地区小康社会建设的需要 ,是代表少数民族群众根本利益的表现。目前 ,民族地区自然生态利益正受到严重威胁 ,必须采取有效措施予以保护。要从提高思想认识、加大经费投入、调整产业结构、实行制度创新、运用现代科技、加强法治等方面来维护民族地区的自然生态利益