试论统计学科体系的构造与完善

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论统计指标的构造过程

论统计指标的构造过程苏为华ＡＢＳＴＲＡＣＴＴｈｅｃｏｎｓｔｒｕｃｔｉｏｎｏｆｓｔａｔｉｓｔｉｃａｌｉｎｄｉｃａｔｏｒｓｉｓａｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｏｆｃｏｍｐｌｉｃａｔｅｄｌｏｇｉｃｔｈｉｎｄ－ｉｎｇｔｈａｔｃａｎｂｅｄｉｖｉｄｅｄｉｎｔｏａｓｅｒｉｅｓｏｆ...     

国民经济核算中的保险——兼论保险的分配作用

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我国农产品波动分析

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当代经济计量学中的协整理论

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养老保险统筹费率的统计研究

养老保险统筹费率的统计研究林毓铭ＡＢＳＴＲＡＣＴＦｒｏｍｔｈｅｓｔａｎｄｐｏｉｎｔｓｏｆｓｔａｔｉｓｔｉｃｓ,ｔｈｅｐａｐｅｒｄｏｅｓｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｏｎｔｈｅａｓｓｏｃｉａｔｅｄｉｎｄｉｃａｔｏｒｔｈａｔａｆｅｃｔｓｔｈｅｏｖｅｒａｌｃｏｓｔｒａｔ...     

突变统计学刍议

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建立全国房地产开发业发展综合指数的初步研究

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关于技术进步与经济增长关系的若干思考

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国有企业改革：扎牢篱笆打稳桩

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社会保障支出与拉动内需——对农村养老保障问题的深入探讨

本文通过实证分析,探讨了农村养老保障问题与拉动内需之间的关系。结果认为农村居民消费水平与抚恤和社会福利救济费、养老保险、行政事业单位离退休经费呈显著正相关,并且社会保障支出项目对农村居民消费的作用存在地区差异,农村居民养老保险对消费的促进作用存在区域差异。由此提出建立健全农村养老保险制度,可以作为我国拉动内需、促进经济增长的突破口。     

经济开放与地方财政支出

 本文在经典的中位选民需求函数模型基础上,构建了地方财政支出决定的动态空间面板模型,分析了经济开放对地方财政支出的影响。研究发现,经济开放的地方财政支出效应是多维和复杂的,经济开放引起了地方政府支出规模的扩大,外商投资扩大使地方支农支出、社会福利支出增加,贸易开放使地方文化和公检法司支出增加,支持了经济开放的补偿假说;同时,投资开放引起行政管理支出和财政补贴支出减少,贸易开放度的提升促进了地方财政基础设施、科教等支出的增加,并减少社会福利支出,又支持效率假说。经济开放对地方财政支出结构扭曲的矫正和强化效应并存,我国应在坚持开放的前提下,积极创造使经济开放的积极效应最大化、消极效应最小化的制度条件。     

The Effects of Price Aggregation Bias in Systems of Demand Equations

This article illustrates the importance of maintaining consistent levels of aggregation between prices and quantities when estimating consumer demand functions. The impact of violating this condition is quantified by using summary performance measures and estimates of demand elasticity biases. Results derived from an application of 1972–1973 Consumer Expenditure Survey data and supported with a quasi-Monte Carlo experiment consistently indicate that the point estimates of demand elasticities are significantly biased. Thus the study indicates the importance of developing and maintaining price indexes disaggregated to the same level as the expenditure data in consumer expenditure and budget surveys.     

陕西省农村居民消费结构的计量分析

消费需求是拉动经济增长的根本动因。运用扩展线性支出系统模型对陕西省农村居民的边际消费倾向、收入弹性和价格弹性进行实证分析，结果显示：陕西省农村居民仍然处于生存型消费阶段，消费支出主要集中在食品、教育和居住方面。要提高农村居民消费水平，必须千方百计增加农民收入，普及农村教育，改善农村消费环境。     

Specification of household engel curves by nonparametric regression

This paper demonstrates the usefulness of nonparametric regression analysis for functional specfication of houshold Engel curves.

After a brief review in section 2 of the literature on demand functions and equivalence scales and the functional specifications used, we first discuss in section 3 the issues of using income versus total expenditure, the origin and nature of the error terms in the light of utility theroy, and the interpretation of empirical demand functions. we shall reach the unorthodox view that household demand functions should be interpreted as conditional expectations relative to prices, household composition and either income or the conditional expectation of total expenditure (rather that total expenditure itself), where the latter conditional expectation is taken relative to income, prices and household composition. these two forms appear to be equivalent. this result also solves the simultaneity problem: the error variance matrix is no longer singular. Moreover, the errors are in general heteroskedastic.

In section 4 we discuss the model and the data, and in section 5 we review the nonparametric kernal regression approach.

In section 6 we derive the functional form of our household engel curves from nonparametric regression results, using the 1980 budget survey for the netherlands, in order to avoid model misspecification. thus the modl is derived directly from the data, without restricting its functional form. the nonparametric regression results are then translated to suitable parametric functional specifications, i.e., we choose parametric functional forms in accordance with the nanparametric regression results. these parametric specification are estimated by least squares, and various parameter restrictions are tested in order to simplify the models. this yields very simple final specifications of the household engel curves involved, namely linear functions of income and the number of children in two age groups.     

中国卫生总费用增长因素研究

从生产函数出发,利用最小二乘法建立一个卫生总费用增长因素的计量经济模型;并利用中国1978~2003年数据进行实证。结论为:经济增长是中国卫生总费用增长的最主要因素,1996年以来政府公共预算卫生费用支出的减少也对卫生总费用的增长产生积极的影响,医生诱导需求对卫生总费用增长的影响不大;人口老龄化还没有对医疗费用增长产生显著影响。最后,针对实证结果提出了某些建议。     

The Bias in Price Elasticity Estimates Under Homothetic Separability: Implications for Analysis of Peak-Load Electricity Pricing

This article demonstrates that the assumption of a homothetically separable utility function places a priori restrictions on the parameters of the demand system. If these restrictions are unwarranted, an open question if they are not explicitly tested, they will lead to biased price elasticity estimates. In particular, we show that the uncompensated own-price elasticities must be smaller than the negative of the expenditure shares; that is, the price elasticity of peak electricity demand must be less than the negative of the share of expenditure devoted to peak electricity. This finding is probably not new to economists familiar with consumer demand analysis. Nevertheless, many recent studies of consumer demand for electricity under time-of-day rates explicitly impose this restriction. The resulting price elasticity estimates are usually quite large in absolute value (.5 to .8); but they are the product of restrictive a priori assumptions as well as information embodied in the sample data. The results of two analyses of time-of-day experiments, where the researchers imposed the untested assumption of homothetic separability, are examined more closely. We find that the reported price elasticities are strongly influenced by that a priori assumption. A Monte Carlo experiment demonstrates that using this model will lead to the reported price elasticities even if the consumption data are perfectly random with respect to price.     

粮食主产区农村居民食物消费行为的计量分析

“民以食为天”,食物消费是人类生存和发展首要的物质基础。农村居民的食物消费水平是决定农村居民身体健康的物质基础,是农村居民生活水平的重要标志。研究和掌握食物消费结构特征,有利于农业产业结构调整和制定正确的农业产业政策,从而促进农民增收,实现农业的可持续发展。粮食主产区的粮食产量占全国粮食总产量的60%以上,对中国的粮食供给和安全具有举足轻重的作用,增加主产区农民收入有利于提高农民种粮食积极性,保证中国的粮食供给和粮食安全。为此,借助几乎理想的需求系统模型(Almost Ideal Demand System,简称AIDS),建立联立方程…     

Specification of household engel curves by nonparametric regression

This paper demonstrates the usefulness of nonparametric regression analysis for functional specfication of houshold Engel curves.

After a brief review in section 2 of the literature on demand functions and equivalence scales and the functional specifications used, we first discuss in section 3 the issues of using income versus total expenditure, the origin and nature of the error terms in the light of utility theroy, and the interpretation of empirical demand functions. we shall reach the unorthodox view that household demand functions should be interpreted as conditional expectations relative to prices, household composition and either income or the conditional expectation of total expenditure (rather that total expenditure itself), where the latter conditional expectation is taken relative to income, prices and household composition. these two forms appear to be equivalent. this result also solves the simultaneity problem: the error variance matrix is no longer singular. Moreover, the errors are in general heteroskedastic.

In section 4 we discuss the model and the data, and in section 5 we review the nonparametric kernal regression approach.

In section 6 we derive the functional form of our household engel curves from nonparametric regression results, using the 1980 budget survey for the netherlands, in order to avoid model misspecification. thus the modl is derived directly from the data, without restricting its functional form. the nonparametric regression results are then translated to suitable parametric functional specifications, i.e., we choose parametric functional forms in accordance with the nanparametric regression results. these parametric specification are estimated by least squares, and various parameter restrictions are tested in order to simplify the models. this yields very simple final specifications of the household engel curves involved, namely linear functions of income and the number of children in two age groups.     

Two-Stage Budgeting and Exact Aggregation

This paper presents an econometric model of demand for energy based on two-stage budgeting. The model provides own-price and cross-price elasticities of demand for energy and nonenergy commodities for the United States. These elasticities are estimated separately for households classified by family size, age of head, region, race, and urban versus rural residence. Price elasticities are presented conditional on total energy expenditure and total expenditure on all commodities. The model combines individual cross-section data with aggregate time series data and is based on exact aggregation over individual demand functions.