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1.
The dynamics of leaving home for youth from migrant families in the Netherlands are examined using individual administrative
data on the 1977 and 1983 birth cohorts for the period 1999–2004. A competing-risks approach is applied to distinguish leaving
home for union formation, to live independently, and to share with others. Migrant youth, and particularly Turkish and Moroccan
youth, leave home at a significantly younger age than Dutch youth, given the relevant background variables. This is remarkable,
given the older ages at which young people in the origin countries leave the parental home. The result may be seen as evidence
of how the potential effects of cultural norms are counter-affected by other factors, such as the facilities of the welfare
state and the awkward position of migrant youth between two cultures. Considering the pathways out of home, the analysis largely
confirms the expected pattern: Turkish and Moroccan youth leave home more often for union formation and particularly marriage,
while this pathway is of minor importance for Dutch youth at early ages. 相似文献
2.
Using high-quality data from Norwegian population registers, we examine the relationship between family disruption and children’s
educational outcomes. We distinguish between disruptions caused by parental divorce and paternal death and, using a simultaneous
equation model, pay particular attention to selection bias in the effect of divorce. We also allow for the possibility that
disruption may have different effects at different stages of a child’s educational career. Our results suggest that selection
on time-invariant maternal characteristics is important and works to overstate the effects of divorce on a child’s chances
of continuing in education. Nevertheless, the experience of marital breakdown during childhood is associated with lower levels
of education, and the effect weakens with the child’s age at disruption. The effects of divorce are most pronounced for the
transitions during or just beyond the high school level. In models that do not allow for selection, children who experienced
a father’s death appear less disadvantaged than children whose parents divorced. After we control for selection, however,
differences in the educational qualifications of children from divorced and bereaved families narrow substantially and, at
mean ages of divorce, are almost non-existent. 相似文献
3.
Elizabeth Ackert 《Population research and policy review》2017,36(3):379-414
Adolescents of Mexican origin have higher than average school dropout rates, but the risk of school non-enrollment among this subgroup varies substantially across geographic areas. This study conducts a multilevel logistic regression analysis of data from the 2005–2009 American Community Survey to evaluate whether spatial heterogeneity in school non-enrollment rates among Mexican-origin youth (n = 71,269) can be attributed to the histories of states and local areas as Mexican Latino/a receiving gateways. This study also determines whether the association between new destinations and school non-enrollment varies within the Mexican-origin population by nativity and duration of residence. Net of background controls, the risk of non-enrollment does not differ significantly between Mexican-origin youth living in states that are newer Mexican Latino/a gateways versus those in more established destinations, in part because Mexican-origin school non-enrollment rates are heterogeneous across newer destination states. At the more local Public Use Microdata Area level, however, Mexican-origin youth in newer gateways have a higher risk of non-enrollment than those in established destinations, revealing the importance of local-level contexts as venues for integration. The disparity in non-enrollment between Mexican-origin youth in new versus established destination PUMAs is apparent for all generational groups, but is widest among 1.25-generation adolescents who arrived in the country as teenagers, suggesting that local new destinations are particularly ill-equipped to deal with the educational needs of migrant newcomers. 相似文献
4.
As in many other countries, non-traditional family types are increasing in prevalence in Australia. In 2008, over one quarter
of Australian families reported a non-intact family structure; comprising over 0.8 million lone-parent families and 0.4 million
stepfamilies. Prior studies consistently find poorer child outcomes associated with non-intact family type. Controlling for
family characteristics decreases the negative effect; however, in most cases small but unexplained differences remain apparent.
The current study examines differences in the outcomes of young adults from four family types—intact, stepfather, stepmother
and never-repartnered lone-parent families—on four measures: educational attainment; being suspended from school; regular
smoking; and trouble with police. The research uses information from 2,430 matched parent-youth pairs collected in a unique
Australian study, the Youth in Focus Survey. This study improves our understanding of the complex interaction between family
structure and adolescent well-being by exploiting the full childhood family-relationship history information available in
the Survey. Although between-group variations are described, differences are predominantly due to contextual factors associated
with disadvantage, more prevalent in families who separate and repartner, rather than family structure in itself. For lone-parent
and stepfather families, the number of family transitions since the youth’s birth is also relevant. Parent-youth conflict
explained little of the negative association between family structure and youth outcomes above the effect of contextual factors,
but operated independently of family structure to affect youth outcomes. Possible reasons for unexplained differences between
intact and stepmother families on some measures are discussed. 相似文献
5.
Susanne von Below 《Social indicators research》2007,82(2):209-231
As the recent OECD PISA studies have shown, social background plays a greater role for achieving a solid education in Germany
than in most other developed countries; this is especially so for migrant youths. This paper deals with the question, which
level education and qualification migrants in Germany achieve, and how their chances for achieving qualifications and positions
are compared to Germans. First, an overview over results of studies on educational participation, degrees, and social inequality
among migrants is given. Then I show, using data from the 2000 BiB-Integration Survey, that young Turks and Italians have
achieved notably lower levels of education than Germans. Finally, I discuss possible reasons and agencies that might cause
these findings, which then are scrutinised by empirical analyses. It can be found that the marked under-representation with
regard to higher educational and professional degrees of young Italians and Turks is clearly related to the low educational
level of their parents, as well as factors of integration and attitudes. It does become obvious, however, that Turks have
lower chances that cannot be explained by their parents’ qualification or other factors. This is also the case for the second
immigrant generation. 相似文献
6.
Birth order matters: the effect of family size and birth order on educational attainment 总被引:6,自引:5,他引:1
Using the British Household Panel Survey, we investigate if family size and birth order affect children’s subsequent educational
attainment. Theory suggests a trade-off between child quantity and “quality” and that siblings are unlikely to receive equal
shares of parental resources devoted to children’s education. We construct a new birth order index that effectively purges
family size from birth order and use this to test if siblings are assigned equal shares in the family’s educational resources.
We find that the shares are decreasing with birth order. Ceteris paribus, children from larger families have less education,
and the family size effect does not vanish when we control for birth order. These findings are robust to numerous specification
checks.
相似文献
Hiau Joo KeeEmail: |
7.
Sibling composition and selective gender-based survival bias 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Rubiana Chamarbagwala 《Journal of population economics》2011,24(3):935-955
We examine the relationship between the gender composition of surviving older siblings and gender differences in children’s
survival using data from the Third National Family and Health Survey (2005–2006) in India. We address the possibility of unobserved
mother-specific heterogeneity and explore the role of household wealth, parental education, and urban residence in strengthening
or weakening selective gender-based survival bias. We find that daughters’ survival disadvantage increases in the number of
older sisters and decreases in the number of older brothers they have. The opposite is true for sons’ survival disadvantage.
Household wealth, parental education, and urban residence are all found to intensify selective survival bias among daughters
and sons. 相似文献
8.
Robert Bozick 《Demography》2009,46(3):493-512
Using a nationally representative sample of graduates from the high school class of 2003-2004, I test the warehouse hypothesis,
which contends that youth are more likely to leave school and enter the labor force when there are available job opportunities
(and vice versa). Using two measures of job opportunities—local unemployment rates and the percentage of local workers employed
in jobs that require a bachelor’s degree—I find support for the warehouse hypothesis. In areas where unemployment is low,
with ample jobs that do not require a bachelor’s degree, youth have higher odds of entering the labor force. In areas where
unemployment is high, with few jobs that require only a high school diploma, youth have higher odds of entering college. The
effect of unemployment on enrollment is more pronounced for low-income youth than for high-income youth, with both low- and
high-income youth turning to four-year schools rather than two-year schools when job opportunities are limited. 相似文献
9.
A demonstration of the effect of seasonal migration on fertility 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
Fertility estimates were calculated using own children data from the Mexican migrant town of Guadalupe, Michoacan. In this town, 75 percent of families have a member working in the United States, and wives are often regularly separated from their migrant husbands. Simulations by Menken (1979) and Bongaarts and Potter (1979) suggest that fertility among these women should be depressed. Our results confirmed this hypothesis, showing that the seasonal absence of migrant husbands disrupted both the level and timing of fertility. However, the effect was greater for legal than for illegal migrants, a pattern that stemmed from social factors as well as physical separation. A logistic regression analysis showed that reductions in birth probabilities are greater the longer a couple is separated, and that these reductions are in the range expected from prior simulations. 相似文献
10.
In recent decades, rapid growth of the U.S. Hispanic population has raised concerns about immigrant adaptation, including
fertility. Empirical research suggests that Hispanics, especially Mexicans, might not be following the historical European
pattern of rapid intergenerational fertility decline (and convergence toward native levels). If confirmed, continued high
Hispanic fertility could indicate a broader lack of assimilation into mainstream American society. In this paper, we reexamine
the issue of Hispanic and Mexican fertility using an approach that combines biological and immigrant generations to more closely
approximate a comparison of immigrant women with those of their daughters’ and granddaughters’ generation. Contrary to cross-sectional
results, our new analyses show that Hispanic and Mexican fertility is converging with that of whites, and that it is similarly
responsive to period conditions and to women’s level of education. In addition, we employ a mathematical simulation to illustrate
the conditions under which cross-sectional analyses can produce misleading results. Finally, we discuss the import of the
fertility convergence we document for debates about immigrant assimilation. 相似文献
11.
Leticia Fernández Cheryl Howard Jon Amastae 《Population research and policy review》2007,26(1):103-124
Through a combination of high immigration rates and differential fertility, communities along the U.S.-Mexico border have
become overwhelmingly Hispanic. El Paso, Texas, located across the border from Ciudad Juárez, forms part of the world’s largest
urban center on a land border. El Paso ranks among the bottom 10 large U.S. metropolitan areas with the smallest proportion
of college-educated adults, causing concerns among policy makers regarding its prospects for economic development. Local discourse
suggests that low educational levels result from the out-migration of educated groups that find higher wages or better jobs
elsewhere. Two sources of data are used to explore the association between education, race/ethnicity, and out-migration: the
five percent 2000 PUMS and a survey conducted among students at the University of Texas at El Paso. We find that between 1995
and 2000 a large net outflow of non-Hispanic whites and blacks of all educational levels took place. Among Mexicans and Mexican
Americans, college graduates were more likely to leave compared to high school graduates, but place of birth and language
preference influenced these odds. Student data confirmed that non-Hispanics are significantly more likely to plan to leave
compared to students of Mexican origin or descent. Among Mexicans and Mexican Americans, those who prefer English and mentioned
jobs and lifestyle as the most important factors in choosing a place to live and work were more likely to have plans to leave
upon graduation. Policy implications are discussed regarding the future of border communities. 相似文献
12.
Gary Neil Marks 《Social indicators research》2008,85(2):293-309
Since the early 1970s the importance of mothers’ socioeconomic characteristics on their children’s educational and occupational
attainment has been acknowledged. However, it is not clear if fathers’ characteristics have a stronger influence because men
usually have stronger attachments to the labour market, or alternatively mothers’ characteristics are more important because
of their greater role in children’s socialization. This study addresses this question by comparing the influence of father’s
and mother’s education and occupation on student performance in literacy and numeracy using data from 30 countries. The impact
of mother’s education is usually greater or comparable to that of father’s education. In contrast, substantially stronger
effects for mother’s occupational status compared to father’s were rare. In most countries the impact of mother’s socioeconomic
characteristics (education plus occupation) on student performance is comparable to that for father’s. Of the four indicators
of socioeconomic background, father’s occupational status and mother’s educational attainment tend to have stronger effects,
although many countries do not conform to this pattern. There are indications that the relative importance of mother’s characteristics
have increased over time.
相似文献
Gary Neil MarksEmail: |
13.
The Effects of Children’s Migration on Elderly Kin’s Health: A Counterfactual Approach 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Recent studies of migration and the left-behind have found that elders with migrant children actually experience better health
outcomes than those with no migrant children, yet these studies raise many concerns about self-selection. Using three rounds
of panel survey data from the Indonesian Family Life Survey, we employ the counterfactual framework developed by Rosenbaum
and Rubin to examine the relationship between having a migrant child and the health of elders aged 50 and older, as measured
by activities of daily living (ADL), self-rated health (SRH), and mortality. As in earlier studies, we find a positive association
between old-age health and children’s migration, an effect that is partly explained by an individual’s propensity to have
migrant children. Positive impacts of migration are much greater among elders with a high propensity to have migrant children
than among those with low propensity. We note that migration is one of the single greatest sources of health disparity among
the elders in our study population, and point to the need for research and policy aimed at broadening the benefits of migration
to better improve health systems rather than individual health. 相似文献
14.
In Australia, wellbeing has been used as an assessment of how young people are doing by health researchers, youth researchers
and psychologists. The concept ‚wellbeing’ is increasingly applied to young people in their late teens and early twenties
with little discussion of young people’s perspectives. Using quantitative measures of subjective wellbeing as well as qualitative
interviews to allow young people to discuss the concept of wellbeing, this study explored the levels and meanings of wellbeing
among 91 young people (aged 16–24) from a rural center in south-east Australia. Key components of wellbeing for young people
were found to include relationships, psychological dimensions and personal issues while family and ‚pressure’ impacted wellbeing.
For most young people, wellbeing was multidimensional, holistic and centred around their own lives. Findings suggest that
the Deiner et al. satisfaction with life scale was an appropriate measure of young people’s wellbeing but that health, sociology
of youth and psychological approaches all contribute to young people’s perspectives of wellbeing and need to be incorporated
into a more holistic measure of SWB for young people. 相似文献
15.
Labor migration profoundly affects households throughout rural Africa. This study looks at how men’s labor migration influences
marital fertility in a context where such migration has been massive while its economic returns are increasingly uncertain.
Using data from a survey of married women in southern Mozambique, we start with an event-history analysis of birth rates among
women married to migrants and those married to nonmigrants. The model detects a lower birth rate among migrants’ wives, which
tends to be partially compensated for by an increased birth rate upon cessation of migration. An analysis of women’s lifetime
fertility shows that it decreases as the time spent in migration by their husbands accrues. When we compare reproductive intentions
stated by respondents with migrant and nonmigrant husbands, we find that migrants’ wives are more likely to want another child
regardless of the number of living children, but the difference is significant only for women who see migration as economically
benefiting their households. Yet, such women are also significantly more likely to use modern contraception than other women.
We interpret these results in light of the debate on enhancing versus disrupting effects of labor migration on families and
households in contemporary developing settings. 相似文献
16.
Changing the Gender Balance in Caring: Fatherhood and the Division of Parental Leave in Norway 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Trude Lappegard 《Population research and policy review》2008,27(2):139-159
In this article, we study fathers’ use of parental leave in Norway, using register data from 1993 to 1997. In 1993, a special
father’s quota (1 month) was introduced in the parental leave program. The father’s quota is a success in the sense that 85%
of fathers entitled to the leave use it, but few take more than their quota (1 month). One policy intention was to make a
real change in the gender balance in care. The analyses show that gender balance in breadwinning has a strong effect on fathers’
use of parental leave: controlling for parents’ educational level, labor market attachment and father’s income, we find that
the more mothers contribute to the family economy and the more equalized their earnings are, the more parental leave fathers
take. 相似文献
17.
Sylke Viola Schnepf 《Journal of population economics》2007,20(3):527-545
Studies on immigrants’ disadvantage focus predominantly on labour market perspectives. Immigrants’ poor education is a subject
much less examined especially in a cross-national context. This paper examines differences in educational achievement between
immigrants and natives across ten OECD countries. In English-speaking countries, immigrants fare best, while in Continental
European countries they fare worse compared to natives. Whilst language skills seem to explain immigrants’ disadvantage in
English-speaking countries, socioeconomic background and school segregation are further important determinants of immigrants’
gap in Continental Europe. Results presented are predominantly robust across three sources of achievement data: PISA, TIMSS
and PIRLS.
相似文献
18.
Asher Ben-Arieh John Gal Lenna Nepomnyaschy Irwin Garfinkel 《Social indicators research》2007,80(1):223-248
This article presents a comparative study in which social indicators were employed as a means to examine differences in living
conditions and family and children outcomes on a local level. The study obtained household-level data on the well-being of
children and families in two cities: New York (NYC) and Tel Aviv (TLV). Data were collected using computer assisted telephone
interview (CATI) technology and random digit dialing (RDD). Telephone interviews were conducted with the randomly selected
adults in English, Spanish and Chinese in NYC and in Hebrew in TLV. The study reported here documented differences in family
and child well-being between the two cities. It further documented that family size and caregiver level of education play
a similar role in both cities and their importance in regard to child and family outcomes. The significant differences found
in adults’ and especially children’s outcomes were analyzed by the caregiver’s level of education and further support the
need for policies that alleviate the burden of less educated caregivers and aim to improve the well-being of them and their
families. The study demonstrates the relevance of social indicators at the local level, not only for measuring outcomes among
specific populations, but also in regard to their possible implications for social policies, a most timely task in an era
of social services devolution. 相似文献
19.
Festus A. Ukwuani Gretchen T. Cornwell Chirayath M. Suchindran 《Journal of Population Research》2002,19(2):155-171
Mortality risks under age five are estimated using data from the 1990 Nigerian Demographic and Health Survey for children
in monogamous and polygynous families. Integrating existing theories on polygyny’s relationship with infant and child mortality
and some demographic concepts, the study shows that polygyny has different effects on infant and child mortality at different
ages. The results indicate that polygyny does not have a significant effect on neonatal mortality (age less than one month).
In contrast to the results of previous research, polygyny is significantly associated with lower child mortality during the
post-neonatal period (1–11 months), but not during childhood (12–59 months). The study found socio-economic factors to be
important confounders of the relationship between polygyny and mortality during the neonatal and post-neonatal periods. The
protective effect of polygyny during the post-neonatal period suggests the need to further investigate circumstances that
may favour post-neonatal child survival in polygynous families including availability of childcare. 相似文献
20.
Using the behavioral model for health care use and unique data from the Mexican migration project, we explore the factors
associated with hospital use among Mexican male migrants to the US. Twenty-eight percent of the respondents reported receiving
healthcare from a hospital. In addition to established enabling factors of time in the US and English language ability, this
research points to the importance of family social networks as enabling hospital health care use among migrants. Migrants
with more ties to family members with migration experience have an increased likelihood of using emergency room healthcare.
The research adds to the body of literature by providing evidence that ties to individuals with US migration experience increases
migrants’ probability of accessing healthcare at hospitals. 相似文献