试论全球治理的国家自理机制

学术界经常讨论的全球治理机制主要集中在全球性机制、俱乐部机制和地区性机制等类型上,而这些国际导向的机制都在一定程度上忽视了民族国家在全球治理中的作用.在全球治理的背景下,民族国家更多地成为一种连接国内社会和国际社会以对公共资源进行传输和再分配的制度通道.从这一意义上讲,国家自理也是全球治理的一种重要机制.与之前的“国际谈判—国际监督”模式不同,国家自理强调民族国家在一种非强制和非绑定的状态下对全球规范的主动学习和积极内化.在中文的意义中,治理的内涵有着丰富的国家自理特征.具体而言,国家自理机制包括自我学习机制、自我转化机制、自我实施机制、自我监督机制和自我总结机制等.总体来看,国家自理机制只是全球治理机制中的一种,这表明其无法取代其他机制的作用.通过国家自理机制,全球治理的观念可以更多地变成实际行动,并且在这一过程中民族国家的自主性得以重建.     

论全球法治治理与中国和平发展战略

全球治理理论是伴随着经济全球化的过程而发展起来的一种全新理论。传统的全球治理理论主要从单个要素进行孤立研究,而真正意义上的全球治理是全球法治模式下的系统治理,即全球法治治理。全球法治治理模式包括静态意义上的完善的国际法制体系和动态意义上的全球治理过程。全球法治治理的本质便是国际社会的结构性力量(国际权威机构、全球公民社会与全球经济市场)在国际法制体系内更好的实现自己合法权益的立体互动。和平发展战略不仅符合中国自身发展的需要,也符合全球化、全球法治治理的本质和发展趋势,必将有力促进中华民族在21世纪的伟大复兴和全球共赢。     

社会责任与我国公司治理变革

公司作为国民经济的重要组成部分对社会和谐与经济稳定发展起着举足轻重的作用。然而近年来,随着经济全球化的发展和我国经济体制改革的不断深入,一些公司在追求利润最大化和不断扩张的过程中出现了违反法律法规和侵害消费者、职工权益的行为,不仅给社会公众带来了损失和伤害,也使得公司自身遭受惩罚甚至破产倒闭。公司社会责任理论和公司治理理论都强调公司在利用各种资源谋求自身发展的同时,不能以追求利润最大化作为唯一目标而忽视或损害其他利益相关者的权益,公司应该维护所有利益相关者的利益,协调利益相关者之间的权、责、利关系。从公司社会责任的角度考察我国公司治理,不难发现存在债权人在公司治理中缺位、职工参与公司治理的制度不完善、对非股东利益相关者的信息披露机制不健全等问题。因此,建立和完善与公司社会责任相适应的现代公司治理是一种既利己又利他的最优选择。     

国家责任视阈下被害人诉权的实现

在刑事诉讼中,由于对被告人权利的日益关注,被害人权利反而相对成了一个“弱势”问题.人们长期认为,一旦国家追诉成功,被害人的权利就自然会得以实现;但现实情况却是:在公权力的强势笼罩下,被害人的诉权形态是不完全的,这种不完全性决定了国家永远无法完全代替被害人实现利益,有时被害人的利益与国家利益之间甚至呈现对抗态势.以一种新的国家责任视野审视被害人权利的实现,进而实现被害人权利与国家利益的动态平衡,是我们在理论推进中必须面对的课题.     

中国全球角色的确立——兼评《创造性介入:中国之全球角色的生成》

本文从中国全球角色的生成机理与紧要问题出发,分析了在当前中国实力迅速增长和国际权力出现显著转移的背景下,如何界定中国新的国际角色,同时结合王逸舟教授的新作《创造性介入:中国之全球角色的生成》展开评论。本文认为,该书是近年来有关中国国际角色论述与分析最有影响力、最为系统、最为理性、最为成熟的一部力作,书中对中国角色的分析也符合中国全球角色的生成机理。并特别指出,中国在构建新的全球角色时,既要避免推动和助长国内外对中国实力的进一步高估,以及随之带来的中国责任论和国内民族主义情绪的可能上升,又要避免国际体系特别是中美关系消极因素的反弹与压力。     

中等国家与全球多边治理

尽管中等国家的概念内涵存在争议,但是它们在国际社会中的地位、利益、共有观念和认同等使其成为塑造全球多边治理的重要力量。中等国家可根据不同情势,灵活选择个体主义、社会交往及制度主义方式中的一种或多种,旨在实现全球多边治理的系列目标和努力提升它们在国际舞台上的话语权和影响力。从现实层面来看,多边主义是中等国家在准确定位自身能力之后而形成的"利他"与"利己"彼此交错的优先选择,但这种选择面临着巨大的挑战。     

论劳动合同缔约过失责任的确立及适用

对劳动合同订立中因当事人的过错致使劳动合同不成立或无效的行为,应通过缔约过失责任予以规范和追究。基于劳动关系劳动合同的特点,劳动合同订立中缔约过失责任的产生原因、适用情形、责任形式、追责原则、责任免除、追责程序等具有不同于一般民事缔约过失责任的特征,正确认识和把握这些特征,对公平公正地处理劳动合同订立中的缔约过失责任及促进劳动合同的履行具有重要意义。     

论企业的经济利益与社会责任

企业社会责任是指企业在创造利润的同时,也要承担对利益相关者的责任,不仅在经济方面,更在社会、环境等领域获得可持续发展。本文在对企业如何处理经济利益与社会责任问题上的各种观点进行阐述的基础上,指出承担社会责任是企业应尽的义务,也是其长远发展的必然要求,同时对如何使企业能够担负起其应尽的社会责任提出了一些建议。     

论艾滋病防治的全球治理：基于全球基金的例证

全球化促进各国经济增长的同时,也带来了艾滋病的全球扩散,对艾滋病防治模式提出了新的挑战。全球治理以其跨国界行为主体、共同价值基础、多元权力结构以及善治目标的优势,成为全球艾滋病防治的最新途径。全球基金成功运作的经验充分证明,要实现艾滋病全球防治的目标,必须构建公共卫生的全球治理机制,促进各国政府艾滋病防治模式的转变,推动全球各类企业积极履行社会责任,提升国际和国内非政府组织的能力建设,并发挥其应有作用。     

The Implications of State Governance for Effective Global Governance

Since the Third Plenary Session of the 18^th Central Committee of the CPC put forward the goal of modernizing the state governance system and state governance capacity, research on state governance theory and practice has taken off in the Chinese academic community. However, very little research has been undertaken on the relationship between state governance and global governance. In an interdependent world where domestic and international boundaries are becoming ever more blurred, state and global governance are not just mutually connected and consistent; they also influence and constrain each other. This paper looks into the influence of state governance on global governance in terms of the differences and internal linkages between state and global governance, arguing that enhancing governance capacity is an effective way for China to participate in global governance, promote the transformation of global governance system, wield its influence as a major power, and boost its right of discourse.     

The Influence of Global Governance upon State Governance*

The constant deepening of globalization is bringing all countries into the same global village, and intensified the coordination, interaction and mutual checks of global and state governance. Global governance advocates the whole of the interdependent destiny and common interests of mankind, and the extension of shared national responsibilities, challenges and risks to the whole globe instead of restricting them to certain regions or countries. Global governance is increasingly exerting a profound influence upon state governance in many respects, among them values, concepts, mechanisms, structures and actors, and is giving an external impetus to the modernization of state governance.     

State Governance,Global Governance and the Construction of World Order

State governance and global governance are two intertwining aspects in the construction of world order. A peaceful, prosperous and equitable world order encompasses internal order of sovereign states and international order of the international systems. Effective state governance nurtures internal order of sovereign states, eschews internal disorder, and prevents the spillover of negative externality into the international systems. In this sense, state governance is the cornerstone for constructing world order. In the meantime, effective global governance constructs world order and assists sovereign states in constructing internal order. In the construction of world order, different actors in the international systems represented by sovereign states inter alia must cooperate with a view to dissolving conflicts of interests and policies among states, managing global public domain, responding to common challenges and sharing responsibilities in assisting internally disordered states to govern effectively. Since the reform and opening up, China has contributed its distinctive part to the construction of world order by means of responsible state governance and global partnership governance.     

Global Governance and State Governance: Two Strategic Considerations in Contemporary China

Governance is a kind of holistic governance and the notion of governing holistically should be established. The holisticity of governance is reflected in the unity and coordination between value rationality and instrumental rationality, normative appeal and practical appeal as well as global governance and state governance. Global and state governances are two strategic considerations in contemporary China. Actively participating in global governance and rationally promoting state governance is the rational choice of contemporary China, which plays a unique and significant role in realizing the social transformation and national rejuvenation and modernization of contemporary China. Deepening state governance with the help of global governance and promoting global governance with the support of state governance is the basic idea and dimension of understanding and grasping the interaction, coordination and overall planning between the two. The restrictions and effects of global governance on state governance are mainly reflected in such considerations as objects, mechanisms, concepts and interests of governance, and modernization of state governance system and improvement of governance capacity can promote and deepen global governance in a more effective way.     

论法治政府行政执法责任制的法律规制

行政执法责任制的核心是要明确行政机关的行政执法职责,健全行政执法评议考核体系,落实行政责任追究机制。本文通过对行政执法责任制必须建立职责划分、目标确定、程序制约、责任追究的法律规制的论述,说明行政执法责任制必须充分重视法律规制的建设,才能实现法治政府的建设目标。     

The Interplay between Global and State Governance: Theoretical Origins and Practical Reflections

Global governance largely grows out of the externalities in state governance. At present, global governance and state governance are integrated into a kind of “holistic governance” based on their interaction and interpenetration. Our understanding of their interplay can be traced back to ideas that developed from ancient Greek and Roman times to the early 20^th century. More recently, from the second half of the 20^th century, theories of the interaction between global and state governance essentially revolved around the externalities in state governance and efforts to overcome those externalities by designing an ideal world. Today, the interaction between global and state governance is of great practical significance, serving to inspire the establishment of a global order based on sharing, integration and symbiotic harmony. However, we should also be aware that this interaction may be converted by great powers to the service of their own interests. At present, China can help reshape the global governance order of the 21^st century by strengthening its own development, promoting benign interaction between global and state governance, actively harnessing the potential of its state governance capacity and sharing its experience and ideas.     

双重系统中的社区治理模式初探——以深圳市为经验

社区作为城市社会的基本单位,其治理模式一直为理论学者和实际工作者所关注。本文结合深圳市社区工作站的新经验,认为各社区治理的利益主体都可以纳入两个系统之中:自制系统和控制系统,并在此基础上探讨社区居委会与业主委员会和新兴的社区工作站之间的关系。     

领导者作用与全球气候治理的发展

为什么一些国家选择在气候治理中承担领导者角色,而另一些国家没有?大国领导对于气候治理的国际集体行动意味着什么?本文认为,传统集体行动理论没有突出、甚至忽视了领导者的作用,也缺乏对领导者提供选择性激励的利益分析。而领导者通过自利型的非中性制度设计,在推动集体行动过程中发挥着重要作用。通过对霸权稳定论命题的理论再思考,本文以气候变化问题为例重新发现了领导者作用对于集体行动理论的意义,并以此框架分析了欧盟、美国、中国等主要博弈方在气候议题上发挥的作用,并展望了全球气候治理的未来方向。     

论责任的道德价值

作为伦理学的基本范畴,责任的发生是由人们的利益关系所决定的,责任行为依据的是主观所拥有的道德能力,体现了道德实践精神的内在要求。责任所包含的道德强制力和道德理性,是所有道德规范中最多的,也是社会的道德要求和个人的道德信念结合得最紧密的。因此在道德规范的整个体系中,责任是处于最高层次的道德规范。承担责任不一定是道德行为,但道德行为必然意味着对责任的承担,责任是一切道德价值的基础。责任的道德价值体在:道德责任是道德运动的中介环节;道德责任有利于建立社会广泛参与的、统一协调的道德调控体系;道德责任是社会经济有序运行和科技成果造福人类的重要保证。     

国家治理视域中的“普京主义”

乌克兰局部事件和俄罗斯地缘版图的碎片化,引起学者们再度关注普京政府的主权式民主和普京主义的基本问题。在俄罗斯国家意识形态的重构过程中,具有主权式民主色彩的"普京主义",以适应渐进改革的可控性作为现实基础,发展出强调主权独立与动态政治过程的主权性特征,体现在文化价值、政府—社会互动以及经济政策等多个方面。普京主义的治国理念孕育在普京及其政府启动的主权式民主治理举措之中,将强有力的国家决策权威作为发展目标,关注民生和创新型经济,同时离不开军事潜力与外交、经济手段的并重,宣扬一种突出宗教价值和道德基础的新思想。