logx／（x—1）的界和平均值

通过研究函数logx(x-1)x(>0,x≠1）的界，本改进了Karamata不等式，Stolarsky不等式以及王中烈－王兴华不等式。     

具阻尼项的偶阶中立型微分不等式最终正解的不存在性

本文讨论具连续偏差变元与阻尼项的偶数阶中立型微分不等式,利用广义Riccati变换、积分平均技巧及Schwarz不等式,建立了该微分不等式的最终正解不存在的若干新的充分条件,推广和改进最近文献的结果.     

若干重要平均值与有穷不等式注记

不等式涉及数量之间大小比较,而通过比较常能显示出变量之间相互制约的关系,从某种意义上说,不等式的探讨在数学分析中甚至比等式的推演更为重要.而一些重要平均值与有穷不等式在近代数学分析中应用得更广泛而且方便,对之作些注记是十分必要的.     

Diaz—Metcalf不不等式的推广及其应用

本文给出的是Ｄｉａｚ—Ｍｅｔｃａｌｆ不等式的一个推广，运用它得到了Ｈｏｌｄｅｒ不等式的反向形式。     

关于线性泛函间线性关系的一个结果

在有限线性不等式组的相容问题中有一个被称为边界解原理的重要定理[l],其证明用到了关于线性泛函之间线性关系的一个结果,本文将该结果以定理1的形式给出,并对它的证明作一讨论.     

Harnack不等式及其应用

对于区域D中的正调和函数,在D的有界闭子集s上任何两点处u的比值,可用Hatnack不等式来估计。本文给出Harnack不等式的一种证法,并探讨它在调和函数理论研究中的应用。     

非连续映射广义变分不等式解的存在性

本文应用Kg.Fan定理给出了广义变分不等式解的存在性结果.此处的集值映射不要求任何连续性.     

中国英语语言教学模式新探索

预置互动型焦点式任务型教学模式对当前的语言教学是一个有益的尝试.它克服了传统的语法翻译法的缺点,把语言形式的意义和形式自然地融合起来,既强调了交际--学习语言的目的,又不忽视学习者语言能力的培养.它强调了注意在学得中的重要作用,避免了学习者在交际的过程中忽视语言形式.这种教学模式比当前盛行的焦点式语言形式教学更进了一步,它预先设定目标语言形式,加强对目标语言形式的清晰度,并给出适当及时的反馈,在很大程度上避免了错误学得,从而更有效地提高学习者的语言能力.     

与多项式有关的第二基本定理和导数亏量和

本文对任意 q 个判别多项式建立了比Ne—Vanlinna第二基本定理更广泛的不等式,推广了Nevanlinna.Dufresnoy,熊庆来等人的结果。作为应用,讨论了导致关于多项式的亏量和,从而推广了Mues的结果,并在附加一点条件后证明了E. Mues 猜想。OZawa~(〔q〕)提出对不等式(?)≤2-dk(A)中d的精确值估计问题,本文对任意自然数得出(?)≤2—δk(A)中d的更精确界,作为推论得到若则f的级为整数。     

汉语方言单纯动词重叠式比较研究

重叠是汉语的一大特色。汉语方言中存在丰富多彩的动词重叠形式,动词单纯重叠式就有两叠至五叠不等。形式上不同的动词重叠式在基本语法意义上却高度一致,都是表持续。对汉语方言动词重叠语法意义的考察,能为共同语中一直存在争议的VV式动词重叠提供了更为广阔的研究背景。     

From general discrimination to segmented inequality: Migration and inequality in urban China

Internal migration in China during the last three decades, the largest in human history, offers a rare opportunity to understand inequalities in the making. Using data spanning 10 years from China’s largest metropolis, Shanghai, this study assesses how enduring state institutions interplay with the spread of market forces to shape income inequality between migrants and native urban workers. Though the wages of both Chinese migrants and urban workers rose considerably, economic restructuring during the decade under study resulted in diminished privileges for urbanites and subsequently increased collision between migrants and urban workers in the private sectors. These shifts, rather than substantially reducing inequality, have led to an evolving form of inequality, from an initial general blatant discrimination against migrants across the board, to a new and more subtle form of inequality characterized by substantial segmented discrimination against migrants within economic sectors, with the degree of inequality varying from sector to sector. We discuss how this changing inequality reflects complementary rather than competing roles of the state and market institutions in inequality creation and maintenance.     

一种新的右手定则替代佛莱铭左手及右手定则

大凡读过高中的人,都知道佛莱铭左手和右手定则,这种左、右定则很容易记错,有时要将手扭歪才能判定其方向,很难运用．为了方便学生记忆及方便判定方向,设法设计出一种新的右手定则,可以同时判定磁场对电流的作用力及磁场中导线所产生的感生电流的方向,显然这种右手定则是一个创新．     

Period effects,cohort effects,and the narrowing gender wage gap

Despite the abundance of sociological research on the gender wage gap, questions remain. In particular, the role of cohorts is under investigated. Using data from the Current Population Survey, we use age–period–cohort analysis to uniquely estimate age, period, and cohort effects on the gender wage gap. The narrowing of the gender wage gap that occurred between 1975 and 2009 is largely due to cohort effects. Since the mid-1990s, the gender wage gap has continued to close absent of period effects. While gains in female wages contributed to declines in the gender wage gap for cohorts born before 1950, for later cohorts the narrowing of the gender wage gap is primarily a result of declines in male wages.     

Societal projection: Beliefs concerning the relationship between development and inequality in China

We examine how the relationship between development and inequality at the societal level is perceived and evaluated by ordinary Chinese people. We hypothesize that because the Chinese have recently experienced rapid increases in both economic growth and social inequality, they tend to view economic development as a driving force of social inequality. To address this question, we conducted a social survey in 2006 in six Chinese provinces (n = 4898). The survey data reveal that a large proportion of Chinese people have internalized a causal model in which they project high levels of inequality onto countries they view as more developed and low levels of inequality onto countries they see as less developed. However, results also show that a smaller proportion of Chinese believe in a negative relationship between development and inequality. Hence, the study reveals heterogeneity among ordinary Chinese in their perceptions of the causal relationship between development and inequality. Surprisingly, socioeconomic and demographic characteristics provide no explanatory power in explaining this heterogeneity.     

农村教育领域的性别不平等与贫困

中国农村教育领域的性别不平等主要表现在对子女教育期望的性别差异、学校设置性别意识的缺失、家庭教育资源分配的性别差异、男女生受教育年限的差异等方面。传统的观念、传统劳动分工模式和社会安全保障体系的缺乏等因素影响了农村教育的性别模式,贫困也是影响教育性别不平等的重要因素。中国贫困农村的农户由于多种生计资本供给不足,而呈现出非常典型的男孩优先的教育模式,从而导致妇女陷入多元贫困状态。     

The socioeconomic consequences of dropping out of high school: Evidence from an analysis of siblings

There is widespread belief that dropping out of high school leads to economic hardship. This belief rests on tenuous evidence. High school dropouts likely face an increased risk of economic hardship because of differences beyond a high school diploma. In particular, dropouts are more likely to come from disadvantaged backgrounds and thus face an elevated risk of economic hardship. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Youth 1979 Cohort, I estimate the consequences of dropping out by comparing dropouts to their siblings who completed high school. I also present OLS regression estimates using the same data. OLS regression estimates are consistently higher than sibling fixed effects estimates with the largest discrepancy occurring between estimates of the effect of dropping out on income-to-poverty ratio. However, the sibling fixed effect estimates reveal that dropping out has an effect on economic hardship net of unobserved background characteristics that are shared by siblings. I conclude with a discussion of how recent policy shifts affect the economic standing of low-ability students and suggest avenues for future research.     

谭恩美小说的女性话语与种族意识——以《接骨师之女》为例

谭恩美是当代著名美籍华裔女作家,其作品主要展现了身处西方社会的华裔女性的困境和抗争,以及她们的心路历程。本文以其代表作《接骨师之女》为例,从女性话语和种族意识的角度去解读其作品,探讨其中的主要人物是如何在双重边缘性境地中认识和找回自己的身份并重塑自身的主体地位的。     

Curricular policy as a collective effects problem: A distributional approach

Current educational policies in the United States attempt to boost student achievement and promote equality by intensifying the curriculum and exposing students to more advanced coursework. This paper investigates the relationship between one such effort – California’s push to enroll all 8th grade students in Algebra – and the distribution of student achievement. We suggest that this effort is an instance of a “collective effects” problem, where the population-level effects of a policy are different from its effects at the individual level. In such contexts, we argue that it is important to consider broader population effects as well as the difference between “treated” and “untreated” individuals. To do so, we present differences in inverse propensity score weighted distributions investigating how this curricular policy changed the distribution of student achievement. We find that California’s attempt to intensify the curriculum did not raise test scores at the bottom of the distribution, but did lower scores at the top of the distribution. These results highlight the efficacy of inverse propensity score weighting approaches for examining distributional differences, and provide a cautionary tale for curricular intensification efforts and other policies with collective effects.     

The long reach of parental incarceration: The case of institutional engagement

Vast surveillance, especially of those with criminal justice contact, is a key feature of contemporary societies. As a consequence of this surveillance, formerly incarcerated individuals both avoid and are excluded from institutions, and this dampened institutional engagement may extend to offspring of the incarcerated. Using the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, we examine the relationship between parental incarceration and young adult institutional engagement in different settings, including financial institutions, medical institutions, school and work, volunteer organizations, and religious institutions. We find parental incarceration is associated with diminished institutional engagement in young adulthood. This association is partially explained by reduced parental institutional engagement during adolescence in addition to young adult's impaired health, lack of trust in government, and criminal justice contact. Our findings highlight a subtle and pervasive way that parental incarceration influences the transition to adulthood.     

Compensating differentials, labor market segmentation, and wage inequality

Two literatures on work and the labor market draw attention to the importance of non-pecuniary job amenities. Social psychological perspectives on work suggest that workers have preferences for a range of job amenities (e.g. Halaby, 2003). The compensating differentials hypothesis predicts that workers navigate tradeoffs among different job amenities such that wage inequality overstates inequality in utility (Smith, 1979). This paper joins these perspectives by constructing a new measure of labor market success that evaluates the degree to which workers’ job amenity preferences and outcomes match. This measure of subjective success is used to predict workers’ job satisfaction and to test the hypothesis that some degree of labor force inequality in wages is due to preference-based tradeoffs among all job amenities. Findings demonstrate that the new measure predicts workers’ job satisfaction and provides evidence for the presence of compensating differentials in the primary and intermediate, but not secondary, labor markets.