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1.
Miller JC Meier E Weatherly JN 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2009,25(1):121-129
Dixon and Johnson (Analysis of Gambling Behavior 2007, 1:44–49) introduced the Gambling Functional Assessment (GFA), which attempts to identify the consequences that may be maintaining
a person’s gambling behavior. The present study had 949 introductory psychology students complete the GFA, with 124 of them
completing the measure a second time 12 weeks later. Measures of internal consistency were quite good regardless of whether
“non-gamblers” were included or excluded. Test–retest reliability was somewhat mixed, with Escape scores yielding substandard
coefficients, especially among females. Both internal and test–retest reliability were typically poorer for female respondents.
In general, the GFA performed within the limits of acceptable reliability, and coefficients compared favorably with similar
measures. Future investigations will need to determine the reliability and validity of the instrument, especially as it pertains
to its intended population, pathological gamblers. 相似文献
2.
Masashi Umezawa 《Social Choice and Welfare》2012,38(2):211-235
This article considers the provision of two public goods on tree networks where each agent has a single-peaked preference.
We show that if there are at least four agents, then no social choice rule exists that satisfies efficiency and replacement-domination. In fact, these properties are incompatible, even if agents’ preferences are restricted to a smaller domain of symmetric
single-peaked preferences. However, for rules on an interval, we prove that Miyagawa’s (Soc Choice Welf 18:527–541, 2001) characterization that only the left-peaks rule and the right-peaks rule satisfy both of these properties also holds on the
domain of symmetric single-peaked preferences. Moreover, if agents’ peak locations are restricted to either the nodes or the
endpoints of trees, rules exist on a subclass of trees. We provide a characterization of a family of such rules for this tree
subclass. 相似文献
3.
Pierre Gosselin Reem Maassarani Alastair Younger Mélanie Perron 《Journal of Nonverbal Behavior》2011,35(3):225-242
Few attempts have been made since the pioneer work of Ekman et al. (1980) to examine the development of the deliberate control of facial action units in children. We are reporting here two studies
concerned with this issue. In Study 1, we investigated children’s ability to activate facial action units involved in sadness
and happiness expressions as well as combinations of these action units. In Study 2, we examined children’s ability to pose
happiness and sadness with their face, without telling them which action unit to activate. The children who took part in this
study were simply asked to portray happiness and sadness as convincingly as possible. The results of Study 1 indicate a strong
developmental progression in children’s ability to produce elementary facial components of both emotions as well as in their
ability to produce a combination of the elements in the case of happiness. In agreement with prior research in motor development,
several non-target action units were also activated when children performed the task. Their occurrence persisted throughout
childhood, indicating limitations in the finer motor control achieved by children across age. The results obtained in Study
2 paralleled those obtained in Study 1 in many respects, providing evidence that the children used the technique of deliberate
action to pose the two target emotions. 相似文献
4.
For decades Durkheim’s theory of suicide has been tested and found wanting. Yet, rather than being consigned to the dust-bin
of history, it lives on and is pointed to as an exemplar of the powers of sociological theory and research. If this rationalizing
and/or dismissal of so many falsifications of the theory were an isolated phenomenon, it might be evidence of some lemming-like
propensity for suicide or a disciplinary death-wish, among a few sociologists. But it appears to be a much more widespread
and common occurrence. In this paper we explore some possible explanations of this ‘falsification denial’—‘The Social Misconstruction
of Reality’ (Hamilton 1996), ‘When Prophecy Fails’ (Festinger et al. 1956), ‘Underdetermination’ (Duhem 1954; Quine Journal of Philosophy 67:178–183, 1970, Erkenntnis 9:313–328, 1975; Lakatos 1970), and ‘Boundary Maintenance’ (Erikson 1966), and we outline some of the more important and pernicious consequences of this falsification denial for the discipline and
future of sociology. 相似文献
5.
Utilities,preferences, and substantive goods 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
John C. Harsanyi 《Social Choice and Welfare》1996,14(1):129-145
People’s utility levels are meant to be measures of their well-being. Early utilitarians defined them in terms of people’s happiness. Modern economics defines them in terms of people’s actual preferences. But in ethics they have to be defined in terms of people’s informed preferences. I shall discuss the relationship between people’s desires and preferences, and that between their reasoned and unreasoned preferences. I shall argue that people’s basic desires are much the same, whereas their preferences are often very different. Finally, I shall argue, contrary to Scanlon’s theory, that the things that are good for us are beneficial to us ultimately because they satisfy our biological and psychological needs and our personal interests.
Received: 8 July 1996 相似文献
6.
Martin Eiliv Sandbu 《Social Choice and Welfare》2008,31(4):589-619
Much work in social choice theory takes individual preferences as uninvestigated inputs into aggregation functions designed
to reflect considerations of fairness. Advances in experimental and behavioural economics show that fairness can also be an
important motivation in the preferences of individuals themselves. A proper characterisation of how fairness concerns enter
such preferences can enrich the informational basis of many social choice exercises. This paper proposes axiomatic foundations
for individual fairness-motivated preferences that cover most of the models developed to rationalise observed behaviour in
experiments. These models fall into two classes: Outcome-based models, which see preferences as defined only over distributive
outcomes, and context-dependent models, which allow rankings over distributive outcomes to change systematically with non-outcome
factors. I accommodate outcome-based and context-sensitive fairness concerns by modelling fairness-motivated preferences as
a reference-dependent preference structure. I first present a set of axioms and two theorems that generate commonly used outcome-based models as special cases. I then
generalise the axiomatic basis to allow for reference-dependence, and derive a simple functional form in which the weight
on each person’s payoff depends on a reference vector of how much each person deserves. 相似文献
7.
Robert Prus 《The American Sociologist》2011,42(1):56-111
Although often overlooked in sociological circles, Emile Durkheim’s (1902–1903) Moral Education provides an important cornerstone in the quest to understand community life. Not only does Moral Education give a vibrant realism to the sociological venture in ways that Durkheim’s earlier works (1893, 1895, 1897) fail to achieve, but in addressing discipline, devotion, and informed reasoning as humanly engaged, collectively accomplished
fields of activity Emile Durkheim also provides an exceptionally consequential baseline analysis of human knowing and acting.
Notably as well, focusing on the organizational, intersubjectively achieved features of elementary education, Durkheim’s Moral Education lays bare the interactional nature of the moral order of community life. Indeed, as a sustained analysis of the way of life
of a group of people collectively participating in the educational process, this text addresses the most basic features of
people’s relations to one another and the broader society in which they find themselves. Much more than an account of childhood
socialization, Durkheim’s Moral Education also presages the more thoroughly humanist sociology that Durkheim develops in The Evolution of Educational Thought (1904–1905), The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life (1912) and Pragmatism and Sociology (1913–1914). 相似文献
8.
Philippe Steiner 《Theory and Society》2009,38(1):97-110
Zelizer’s work may be read as an attack on the central Polanyian thesis: that the market system threatens social life by the
undue prominence it lends the economy in the organization of modern society. The recent publication of Viviana Zelizer’s The Purchase of Intimacy (2005a) is therefore an excellent opportunity to review the general trend of her work Zelizer 1979, 1985, 1994, and contrast her leading ideas to the central thesis that gives Polanyi’s work its particular flavor: the danger encapsulated
in the use of modern money and the functioning of the market system.
A draft of this essay was presented in March 2007 at a workshop held at the University of London, and a preliminary French
version has appeared in a special issue of the Revue du Mauss devoted to Polanyi’s thought (Vol. 29, June 2007). The present version is directed to Zelizer’s views on the relation between
market and society. I thank Franck Cochoy, Keith Hart, José Ossandon, and Viviana Zelizer for their helpful comments and advices.
Philippe Steiner is Professor of Sociology at Paris-Sorbonne University. He is the author of several books in the field of economic sociology: La sociologie économique 1890-1920 (Paris: Presses universitaires de France co-authored with J-J. Gislain), Sociologie de la connaissance économique. Essai sur les rationalisations de la connaissance économique (1750-1850) (Paris: Presses universitaires de France), and L’école durkheimienne et l’économie. Sociologie, religion et connaissance (Genève: Droz). His current field work is about the economic sociology of organ transplants (La transplantation d’organes: un commerce entre les êtres humains, forthcoming). 相似文献
Philippe SteinerEmail: |
Philippe Steiner is Professor of Sociology at Paris-Sorbonne University. He is the author of several books in the field of economic sociology: La sociologie économique 1890-1920 (Paris: Presses universitaires de France co-authored with J-J. Gislain), Sociologie de la connaissance économique. Essai sur les rationalisations de la connaissance économique (1750-1850) (Paris: Presses universitaires de France), and L’école durkheimienne et l’économie. Sociologie, religion et connaissance (Genève: Droz). His current field work is about the economic sociology of organ transplants (La transplantation d’organes: un commerce entre les êtres humains, forthcoming). 相似文献
9.
The author looks at the experience of hate in the countertransference and develops the idea that hate can be of particular
value to the treatment process. He begins with an exploration of the therapist’s needs and discusses how unmet self-regulatory
needs sometimes lead to feelings of frustration and rage toward the patient. The author explores these ideas as they are connected
to Winnicott’s (1949, 1971) work on aggression and Jessica Benjamin’s (1992) work on recognition and destruction. The author espouses a difference between rage and hate, where rage is seen as indicative
of unmet needs, and hate is seen as a force that can emancipate the therapist from the encumbrance of unmet needs. Case examples
are provided to show the utility of this perspective.
Laurence Green, M.S.W., Psy.D. is on the faculty and a member of the Institute of Contemporary Psychoanalysis. He is Co-chair
of the History Committee of the International Federation of Psychoanalytic Education. He is in private practice in Los Angeles,
California working with children, adolescents and adults. 相似文献
10.
From the outset, Melvin Pollner tried to come to grips with ethnomethodology, especially Harold Garfinkel’s contributions.
In recent years he was especially concerned with where ethnomethodology had gone and where it was headed. In Garfinkel’s recent
book, Ethnomethodology’s Program (2002), and other writings, Pollner saw a distinctly different version of ethnomethodology in contrast with Garfinkel’s (and others’)
earlier work. “The End(s) of Ethnomethodology” represents Pollner’s most polished, if still incomplete, reflection upon the
state of ethnomethodology in the early 21st century. This article is published posthumously. Robert M. Emerson and James A Holstein assembled and edited the final text. 相似文献
11.
William V. Gehrlein 《Social Choice and Welfare》2006,26(1):191-208
Niemi (Am Polit Sci Rev 63:488–497, 1969) proposed a simple measure of the cohesiveness of a group of n voters’ preferences that reflects the proximity of their preferences to single-peakedness. For three-candidate elections, this measure, k, reduces to the minimum number of voters who rank one of the candidates as being least preferred. The current study develops closed form representations for the conditional probability, PASW(n,IAC|k), that all weighted scoring rules will elect the Condorcet winner in an election, given a specified value of k. Results show a very strong relationship between PASW(n,IAC|k) and k, such that the determination of the voting rule to be used in an election becomes significantly less critical relative to the likelihood of electing the Condorcet winner as voters in a society have more structured preferences. As voters’ preferences become more unstructured as measured by their distance from single-peakedness, it becomes much more likely that different voting rules will select different winners.A preliminary version of this paper was presented at the European Public Choice Society Conference in Berlin, Germany, April 15–18, 2004. 相似文献
12.
This paper analyzes Wal-Mart’s successful venture in Mexico by following a model of globalization called glocalization. Coined
by Robertson (J Int Commun 1(1):33–52, 1994), glocalization refers to the cultural adaptation strategies adopted by an MNC (multinational corporation) in order to cater
to local preferences worldwide. A major finding of this paper is that globalization is not a monolithic phenomenon whereby
an MNC forces its corporate culture and policies on foreign markets. As demonstrated by the authors in this analysis, even
in Mexico Wal-Mart was unable to impose its Bentonville, Arkansas, blueprint of low wages for employees, hard-hitting pressure
on manufacturers, uncompromising anti-union policies, and ruthless expansionist wishes. Rather, Wal-Mart had to cater to local
tastes in various parts of that nation. 相似文献
13.
Marc Frenette 《Review of Economics of the Household》2011,9(4):523-537
Becker’s Quantity–Quality model (Becker in Demographic and economic change in developed countries, Princeton University Press,
Princeton, pp 209–240, 1960; Becker and Lewis in J Polit Econ 81(2): S279–S288, 1973; Becker and Tomes in J Polit Econ 84(4): S143–S162, 1976) suggests a trade-off between family size and parental investments in children. To date, only Cáceras-Delpiano (J Hum Resour
41(4): 738–754, 2006) tests this theory by considering private school enrolment. This study extends this work by using a unique data set containing
a broader range of parental investments that are arguably linked to parental intentions for producing higher quality children,
such as overall and non-sectarian private school enrolment, the number of computers in the home per child, and saving for
the child’s education. Both studies find that fertility reduces parental investments. However, the literature generally finds
that fertility has no impact on child outcomes. The study offers three potential explanations for this ‘puzzle’. 相似文献
14.
Zuhal Unalp Cepel 《Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations》2012,23(2):328-349
Theoretical researches have argued that state–civil society relations differ from one country to another because of different
economic, political, and socio-cultural factors. This article aims to show civil society’s role in the Finnish welfare state
and how the state and the civil society affect each other in Joensuu, a 72,167 populated Finnish city. Joensuu case is analyzed
from the theoretical perspectives of Esping-Andersen (The three worlds of welfare capitalism, 1990), Young (Nonprofit Volunt Sector Q 29:149–172, 2000), and Schofer and Fourcade-Gourinchas (Am Sociol Rev 66: 806–828, 2001) by taking into account interviews with 13 members of voluntary organizations in the city. In the light of the field work,
the argument is based on the negative impact of welfare system’s transformation process on nongovernmental organizations in
Joensuu, Finland. 相似文献
15.
Reports of Wins and Risk Taking: An Investigation of the Mediating Effect of the Illusion of Control
Frédéric Martinez Valérie Le Floch Bernard Gaffié Gaëlle Villejoubert 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2011,27(2):271-285
Two experiments examined the relationships between the knowledge that another person has won in a gamble, the illusion of
control and risk taking. Participants played a computer-simulated French roulette game individually. Before playing, some
participants learnt that another person won a large amount of money. Results from a first experiment (n = 24) validated a causal model where the knowledge of another person’s win increased the illusion of control, measured with
betting times, expectancy and self-reports on scales, which in turn encourages risk taking. In the second experiment (n = 36), some participants were told the previous player acknowledged the win to be fortuitous. The suppression of the belief
that the previous winner had himself exerted control over the outcome resulted in lower rates of risk-taking behaviors. This
suggests that it was not the knowledge of another person’s win in itself that increased risk taking, but rather, the belief
that the other person had some control over the gamble’s outcome. Theoretical implications for the study of social mechanisms
involved in gambling behavior are discussed. 相似文献
16.
T. Groseclose 《Social Choice and Welfare》2007,28(2):321-335
I examine a model of majority rule in which alternatives are described by two characteristics: (1) their position in a standard,
left-right dimension, and (2) their position in a good-bad dimension, over which voters have identical preferences. I show
that when voters’ preferences are single-peaked and concave over the first dimension, majority rule is transitive, and the majority’s preferences are identical to the median voter’s.
Thus, Black’s (The theory of committees and elections, 1958) theorem extends to such a “one and a half” dimensional framework.
Meanwhile, another well-known result of majority rule, Downs’ (An economic theory of democracy, 1957) electoral competition
model, does not extend to the framework. The condition that preferences can be represented in a one-and-a-half-dimensional
framework is strictly weaker than the condition that preferences be single-peaked and symmetric. The condition is strictly
stronger than the condition that preferences be order-restricted, as defined by Rothstein (Soc Choice Welf 7:331–342;1990). 相似文献
17.
Lemma 1 in the classic paper by Rothschild and Stiglitz (J Econom Theory 2:225–243, 1970) is incorrect. We use the concept of “single” mean preserving spread to provide a version of this critical lemma. It is shown
that this modified lemma can in fact be used to prove Rothschild and Stiglitz’s principal result. 相似文献
18.
Taro Ikeda 《Transition Studies Review》2011,18(1):139-148
This paper investigates the asymmetric preference of monetary policy in the Visegrad four (V-4). To this end, we estimate
the nonlinear interest rate rule provided by Surico (2007). This enables us to estimate the central banker’s preference and to inference the average inflation bias. Empirical results
provide some important evidence. First, the nonlinear rule and the preference are successfully estimated. This also imply
that the average rates of inflation in the V-4 are set at a relatively high by their monetary policy. Second, After EU accession,
the preferences of Slovakia and Poland become much lower than those in the full sample. This reflects the policy effort by
these two to introduce the euro. 相似文献
19.
Antonio Abatemarco 《Journal of Economic Inequality》2010,8(4):475-490
Opportunity egalitarians support rich-to-poor redistribution whenever this allows for the compensation of income disparities
due to non-responsible choices (circumstances). In this paper we focus on the measurement of opportunity inequality within
Roemer’s (Philos Public Aff 22:146–166, 1993) pragmatic theory where a disjoint and exhaustive partition rule is assumed such that individuals within the same population
can be grouped depending on the sole circumstances. Given entropy-based, deprivation-based and welfaristic inequality decomposition
procedures, we show that the between-group Gini component from Dagum’s decomposition is the only well known between-group
inequality index satisfying the Pigou-Dalton principle of transfer as reformulated for opportunity egalitarianism. 相似文献
20.
Inequality and happiness: Insights from Latin America 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Inequality is a contentious topic in economics, and its effect on individual welfare remains an open question. We address
this question from the perspective of a novel approach in economics – the study of happiness. In this discussion, we draw
from our research on the topic, which is based on new empirical evidence from Latin America. We find several differences from
studies conducted in the United States and Europe, especially regarding the role of perceptions of mobility and status. We
find that inequality has negative effects on happiness in Latin America, where it seems to be a signal of persistent unfairness.
Our research also examines the effects of several variables, including wealth, status, and reference group size, on the link
between inequality and happiness, with the presumption that these variables can help us identify the channels through which
inequality operates as a signaling mechanism.
This article is based on a longer research paper [14], which is under review for publication. 相似文献