Public Policies and Services for the Aged in Japan

No abstract available for this article.     

Material,stigmatic, and agentic dimensions in the experience of claiming disability benefits: The Israeli case

Little scholarly work has focused on the lived experience of people claiming disability benefits. Drawing on semi-structured interviews with 30 Jewish-Israeli men and women with physical impairments, this paper seeks to fill this gap in the literature. Analysis of the interviews yielded three main themes: the material and psycho-social aspects of the Israeli disability benefits system, respectively, and the coping strategies applied by the participants in their efforts to navigate the system and address their needs. The distinction between the first two themes is discussed as resonating with recent calls for an integrated disability justice conceptualization, one that entails both redistributive and recognitive aspects. The third theme is highlighted as countering the image of ‘passivity’ that is all too often associated with being on disability benefits.     

Pictures and silences: memories of sexual abuse of disabled people

The article de–individualises the debate about sexual abuse of disabled people, especially women, by showing that both the sexual and asexual identity of impaired persons are invariably fashioned within the institutional arrangement of domination and subjugation. It shows that if disabled persons are seen as asexual or if they are sexualised, they cannot escape sexual violence, which is not an aberration, but is intrinsic to the social construction of disability. The article includes personal testimonies of women with different disabilities from Slovenia, who were abused either at home or in public care and shows some responses of the professionals and caregivers who minimise the importance of abuse. It claims that ignoring the memories of sexual abuse is part of a subtle and unintentional discrimination, which reflects a continuity of prejudices and hatred toward disabled children and adults in the private realm as well as in public care. People from ethnic minorities, such as Roma, are still today more often diagnosed as mentally disabled, which shows that the disability diagnosis has to be seen as part of cultural responses towards an economically and socially marginalised group. The author uses different perspectives: historical, social work theories, cultural studies and feminist analysis.     

‘Reasonable and necessary’ care: the challenge of operationalising the NDIS policy principle in allocating disability care in Australia

Disability reform in Australia centres on a National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS), which aims to provide lifelong, individualised support based on the principle of ‘reasonable and necessary’ care. As a universal rights‐based scheme it represents a historical shift in allocation principles in Australia's disability policy. Nonetheless, attention will be on determining who receives what care given the diversity of personal and family contexts. The aim of this paper is to discuss the operational complexities of a principle of reasonable and necessary care with reference to the findings of a three‐year study on the experiences and perspectives of disability care of 25 adults with acquired disability, their 22 nominated family members and 18 service providers. Evidence from this study suggests enacting the principle of reasonable and necessary care and support will be problematic, in particular as it relates to personalising the level and scope of services, balancing formal and informal care, and principles of equity. The paper contributes to the literature about allocation principles in social policy and the challenges of implementation. Further, it provides an empirically informed discussion of some of the specific policy implementation challenges concerning the NDIS.     

中国历史疆域的界定与文献学考古学的根据——以东北民族与疆域为例

疆域的界定应建立在文献学、考古学的证据的基础上 ,箕子朝鲜、高句丽、渤海的疆域的确定 ,首先是在对它们的民族渊源、民族归属以及政权性质与归属的综合判断基础上给予科学的论定。而文献学、考古学的综合分析归纳又是中国历史疆域理论原则产生的基础。中华民族观、中华疆域观与中华文化观是中国历史疆域界定的三个相互依存、相互渗透的主要方面     

Employment status, psychiatric disability and quality of life: comparison of men and women with schizophrenia in Malaysia

This study explores the association between employment opportunities, psychiatric disability and quality of life of male and female patients with schizophrenia. The data were collected from 100 male and 100 female patients and their primary caregivers through personal interviews. The Disability Assessment Schedule and the Quality of Life Interview were used to collect the data. The results of the present study indicate that a large number of both the men and women were unemployed, although they suffered from only mild psychotic symptoms and had no or only minimum psychiatric disability. However, in almost all areas and levels of psychiatric disability, a significantly higher number of men than women were employed. However, the subjective Quality of Life of the employed men was significantly lower than that of the unemployed. Keeping in mind these two results, the present study argues that there is minimal community recognition in Malaysia for the employment potential of people with schizophrenia. The study also argues that policy makers must legislate to create more appropriate workplaces for the mentally ill. People with schizophrenia are entitled to just and fair treatment, and workplaces should be made attractive to them.     

也谈北京官话区的范围

我们认为,在李荣、林焘等先生对北京官话分区的基础上,只有将北京官话区和东北官话区合并为一个官话次方言区,才能使合并后的北京官话与其他官话次方言同属一个层次;而根据李荣先生"古入声的清音声母字分归阴平、阳平、上声、去声"的分区标准,冀鲁官话保唐片也应该划入北京官话。     

The Costs of Disability and the Incidence of Poverty

Both disability and poverty have been the subject of extensive research, although relatively few Australian studies have examined the relationship between them. Most poverty studies make no allowance for the higher needs (and costs) associated with disability, while few disability studies have focused on poverty among the disabled. Yet disability often leads to greater need and this will increase the risk of poverty. This paper uses data from the 1998–99 Household Expenditure Survey to estimate the costs of disability using a ‘standard of living’ approach and uses these estimates to compare poverty rates among those with and without disability. The results imply that where there is an adult in the household with a disability, poverty rates are higher even before allowing for the extra costs of disability. After account is taken of the costs of disability, estimated poverty rates rise substantially where there is a disability present. Taking account of costs that vary with the severity of the restriction associated with the disability is also shown to make a large difference to comparisons derived from conventional poverty research.     

“中产阶级”研究：疑问与探源

中产阶级研究源远流长,马克思主义对中产阶级的研究开创了社会学意义上的中产阶级研究。虽在马克思恩格斯以前,已经有哲学家、经济学家、历史学家和空想社会主义者使用过中产阶级概念或对中产阶级进行过讨论,但第一个从社会学意义上对中产阶级进行研究的是恩格斯而不是马克思。马克思恩格斯研究的中产阶级不能完全等同于今天学者们研究的中产阶级,而且财产状况和财产关系并非马克思恩格斯划分中产阶级的唯一标准,阶级意识、政治与社会地位及文化心理都被马克思恩格斯纳入中产阶级研究的范围。     

Perspectives on family caregiving of people aging with intellectual disability affected by dementia: Commentary from the International Summit on Intellectual Disability and Dementia

ABSTRACT

This article, an output of the 2016 International Summit on Intellectual Disability and Dementia, examines familial caregiving situations within the context of a support-staging model for adults with intellectual disability (ID) affected by dementia. Seven narratives offer context to this support-staging model to interpret situations experienced by caregivers. The multidimensional model has two fundamental aspects: identifying the role and nature of caregiving as either primary (direct) or secondary (supportive); and defining how caregiving is influenced by stage of dementia. We propose staging can affect caregiving via different expressions: (1) the “diagnostic phase,” (2) the “explorative phase,” (3) the “adaptive phase,” and (4) the “closure phase.” The international narratives illustrate direct and indirect caregiving with commonality being extent of caregiver involvement and attention to the needs of an adult with ID. We conclude that the model is the first to empirically formalize the variability of caregiving within families of people with ID that is distinct from other caregiving groups, and that many of these caregivers have idiosyncratic needs. A support-staging model that recognizes the changing roles and demands of carers of people with ID and dementia can be useful in constructing research, defining family-based support services, and setting public policy.     

Health and multidimensional disability at older age in South Korea: Applying the International Classification of Functioning,Disability and Health (ICF) Framework11

This study examined whether health conditions and service-related environmental factors (i.e. accessibility and infrastructure) affected multidimensional disability (i.e. body function, activity and participation), considering service-related environmental factors as moderators. The sample included 10,451 Korean adults aged 65 and older. The main findings revealed that the number of chronic illnesses negatively influenced multidimensional disability. Better accessibility positively affected all three disability dimensions, whereas infrastructure had different associations with each dimension. Additionally, only infrastructure moderated the associations between chronic illnesses and activity capacity and chronic illnesses and participation frequency. Theoretical, practical and policy implications are discussed.     

Families of adult people with disability: Their experience in the use of services run by social cooperatives in Italy

Social cooperation has historically played a pivotal role in developing socio‐educational services for people with disability, thereby contributing to counteracting the social isolation often associated with this condition. Using a mixed‐method methodology, this study maps the diversity of perspectives on how the use of disability‐related services run by social cooperatives impacts on and becomes meaningful to family life. One hundred twenty‐nine interviews with family members of adults with different kinds of disability were studied using emotional textual analysis. It provides a multi‐dimensional model to read and map the multiplicity of emotional meanings related to disability and the use of services, shedding light on key diversities in how family members emotionally make sense of care and support. The results reveal the importance of supporting family‐carers on two main issues: accessing a less passive representation of their relative with disability; and being able to test and acknowledge limits without succumbing to a sense of powerlessness.     

Impact of Mid-Life Symptoms of Alcoholism on the Health and Wellbeing of Aging Parents of Adults with Disabilities

The study examined the effect of adult children’s disability on parents’ physical health in later life and the extent to which parents’ symptoms of alcoholism in mid-life moderates the link between children’s disability and later life parental health. Analyses are based on data from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study. The analytic sample included parents of children with developmental disabilities (n = 145) or mental health problems (n = 200) and 2,432 parents of unaffected children. The results showed that the negative health consequences in later life of having a child with a developmental disability were greater for those who showed more symptoms of alcoholism in mid-life. However, symptoms of alcoholism in mid-life did not significantly moderate the impact of an adult child’s mental health problems on parents’ later life physical health. The findings suggest a potential area where gerontological social workers could intervene, given the negative impact of symptoms of alcoholism on the health of aging parents of children with a disability who may be significantly more susceptible to the negative health impacts of alcohol compared to their younger counterparts.     

论南宋生日风俗与祝寿词的创作

祝寿词的兴盛是南宋词坛的重要现象。祝寿词的繁荣与南宋的生日风俗有着密切关系。直至南宋,生日方成为社会各阶层所普遍接受的重要节日,流行于南宋各社会阶层。渗入政治因素的生日风俗,对于寿词创作的内容、主题及情感基调有着直接影响。同时,生日风俗的娱乐性与词的娱情性相结合,也促进了寿词创作的兴盛。     

北京奥运会与社会软环境的改善

北京在筹办奥运会的过程中 ,在以奥运促进北京市政建设 ,经济发展的同时 ,也应该注意从根本上改善社会软环境 ,因为这一因素对奥运会的成功举办起着决定性的作用。本文提出 :软环境是硬环境发挥作用的中介 ;是社会现状的真实反映 ;具有社会整合功能。软环境建设是一个十分庞杂的系统工程 ,而大力发展奥林匹克志愿者队伍 ,广泛开展奥林匹克教育与文化活动最为重要。     

安民公所与北京近代环卫事业的起步

安民公所是八国联军占领北京期间,由在京官绅申请、在清政府支持和列强允许下建立的具有浓厚殖民色彩的治安机构。安民公所运用了一些西方的管理模式,尽管西方管理内容还非常少,但对北京的环卫建设却产生了深远影响。     

论中国企业家的素质及其培养机制

现代企业制度的建立离不开企业家这一重要角色 ,现代企业是在企业家的悉心管理下发展的。对于刚刚迈向市场经济轨道的中国企业来说 ,有一个卓越非凡的企业家带头人和一批高素质的企业家队伍更为重要。作为一名合格的企业家必须具备良好的素质 ,以及政治远见、战略头脑、协调艺术、应变能力。目前我国经营管理人员素质较低 ,需要加大对企业家培育的力度。     

Cycles of Adaptive Strategies Over the Life Course

An increasing number of Australia’s ageing population are aging with long-term physical impairments. This study explored the life experiences of this group using a qualitative approach. In-depth interviews were conducted with 10 disabled Victorians, aged between 51 and 84 years, and an inductive thematic analysis undertaken. A relationship was found between the adaptive strategies that participants developed as they moved through life phases and the impairment stages. The implications of the emergence of a cyclical process of adaptation across the life course. and particularly in respect of aging, delivery of aged-care services and social workers in this sector are discussed.     

南朝与唐代艳诗的审美内涵

艳诗这一诗歌品类历来备受争议。无论从创作规模、艺术成就,还是对后世的影响等方面来看,南朝和唐代都堪称艳诗创作的繁盛阶段。南朝与唐代艳诗的题材、内容及审美取向,充分地展示了女性之美、男女之情、幽眇之思等审美内涵特点。