关于当前中国城市民族关系的几点思考

在深化体制改革和社会主义市场经济发展过程中,我国各地城乡之间的人口流动、西部民族地区与东部中部地区之间的人口流动已十分普遍,这些变化推动西部少数民族地区的经济发展与社会变迁迈上一个新台阶,也使发生在各地区、各层面的民族交往无论在规模上还是在深度上都进入了一个全新的历史时期.面对这样的新形势和新挑战,我国的政府部门、汉族民众和少数民族这三个方面在不同程度上都存在思想准备不足的现象.本文对如何理解当前流动人口大潮中出现的城市民族关系进行了初步的分析,并对今后城市民族工作提出了一些具体的建议.     

新疆城镇发展和双语教育的进程——南疆地区两个专题调研报告

自从中央政府启动"西部大开发"发展战略以来,新疆维吾尔自治区发生了很大的变化,社会结构的深层变化和汉族劳动力的涌入使新疆的社会发展、经济建设和民族关系进入了一个新的历史阶段.本文关注的是新疆各族知识分子和民众十分关心的两个问题-喀什老城区改造和双语教育,希望通过对这两个具体问题的讨论来理解新疆和西部地区社会发展和民族交往中普遍存在的主要问题.     

科学解读马克思主义的民族关系理论体系——兼谈民族“交融”与民族“融合”的同质性

近些年来,国家和政府越来越重视民族关系和民族地区经济社会的发展,并以极大的投入获得了显著的成效。但这种努力的社会认同并不乐观,许多冲突和矛盾并没有因发展加快而减少,甚至在一些地方还出现诡异的悖反现象。这与在准确理解和科学坚持马克思主义民族关系理论体系上发生的偏误有关。     

论甘南藏族自治州的民族关系

历史上甘南藏族自治州(以下简称甘南州)各民族关系中,既存在相互差异、隔阂和矛盾,也有相互交往、联系、融合、互学、互助、互爱和友好相处的一面.新中国成立后,党和政府坚决反对一切民族歧视和民族压迫,在甘南州实行民族平等、团结政策,民族关系发生了根本的变化,平等、团结、互助、和谐是该地区民族关系的主流.随着我国改革开放事业的全面推进,社会在全面进步的同时,各种矛盾也在增多,甘南的民族关系在总体和谐中又存在着不和谐的因素,影响着该地区和谐社会的建设.本文分析了甘南州民族关系的现状及当前影响甘南民族关系发展的主要因素,并提出相应的对策.     

民国时期广西宗教问题的人类学分析

民国时期广西始终存在三大宗教问题,其中又以政府破除宗教迷信与民间信仰者之间的矛盾为最为尖锐,持续的时间也更长,产生的社会历史影响也更为巨大.同时,由于政府对本土宗教和外来宗教的不同态度,本土宗教受到严重抑制,而外来宗教却得到大规模地发展,但与清末时期比较而言,广西各民族民众与外来的天主教、基督教的矛盾相对没有那么尖锐,在战乱之时,本土士绅和民众还得到教会势力的庇护.此外,传统的民间信仰还与民族问题交织在一起,成为各民族民众发动反抗斗争的有力武器,参与着社会变革的历史进程,也反映了宗教问题的复杂性.     

西部大开发中民族问题的基本属性和内容

提出这一问题的目的是就西部大开发对我国民族问题的影响作一总体估价。本文对这一问题的概括回答是 :西部大开发中的民族问题是我国改革开放以来民族问题的延续 ;我国民族问题的基本属性和内容不会在西部大开发中发生质的改变 ,但西部大开发的推进必然会使原有的民族问题发生量的消长。一民族问题是涉及民族存在、发展及相关利益的各种社会矛盾。这些矛盾存在于不同的民族之间 ,也存在于民族内部及民族与国家等其他社会共同体之间。改革开放以来我国民族问题的基本属性表现在两个方面 :一是以非对抗性的矛盾为主 ,二是以发展中的矛盾为主。…     

西部大开发背景下我国民族关系的新特点

在世纪之交的关键时期,党和政府高瞻远瞩地提出并开始实施西部大开发战略,这是国家宏观经济发展战略调整的一项重要举措,其目的在于发展西部经济,缩小东西部经济发展水平上的差距。可以认为,西部大开发对于社会的影响不会仅仅停留在经济发展这一单方面,它不可避免地要涉及自然禀赋的利用、环境资源的开发,也会不可避免地影响到人们的思想观念、价值取向、行为方式,进而影响到各种各样的社会关系和民族关系,并使民族关系呈现出新的变化和特点。一、民族关系所涉及的主体范围不断扩大“如果一个民族不进行任何程度的开放,不与其他民族进行任何…     

社会性别视野下西部民族地区民众思想状况调查与思考

从＂社会性别＂的视角来分析人的思想行为方式,是对社会发展提出的新要求。用社会性别的视角对西部民族地区民众的思想现状进行调查,对研究西部民族地区各族民众的思想现状,关注各民族民众的发展需求,发挥各民族民众在民族地区经济社会发展中的作用有着重要意义。     

西部民族地区发展中的政府意志与社会变迁悖论

本文认为在西部民族地区的发展进程中,中央政府的国家意志是决定因素之一,也是认识西部民族地区经济发展过程的基本逻辑起点。同时中央政府的国家意志与西部民族地区社会制度的变迁存在必然的矛盾关系是我们理解西部民族地区经济发展过程的主要线索。西部民族地区现代化实际上是一个传统社会逐渐解体、农牧民阶级逐渐消逝的过程。那么,作为传统社会主体的西部民族地区农牧民,在完成这种消灭自身的痛苦的转变过程中表现出特有的生存理性,这是许多从事现代化研究的学者们一度忽略或者不愿涉及的问题。     

利益博弈与少数民族文化开发保护——以G省P乡为例

文章展示了西部某民族乡不同利益群体在文化开发过程中的博弈过程.作者认为,在民族文化开发过程中,当地政府的项目化操作模式、民间社会组织的“民族文化政治化”倾向以及当地民众的被动和利益化,给当地民族文化的保护造成了负面效应,影响了文化自然的、历史的发展.在少数民族文化越来越具备象征意义的情况下,更应倡导在认同中开发、以当地民众为主导和选择,以平和的态度看待文化发展的轨迹.     

Meeting / Derrida

In August 1999, Jacques Derrida gave a number of lectures and seminars in Melbourne and Sydney. The seminar of 13 August, held at Sydney's Seymour Centre Theatre, was open to the public. It consisted of a question-and-answer session with Genevieve Lloyd, David Wills, Paul Patton and Penelope Deutscher. Its title, 'Themes from Recent Work', reflected interests in the work from Specters of Marx (1994) onwards which some, including Paul Patton, have referred to as deconstruction in its affirmative phase. What follows is a by-no-means verbatim record of the event. Rather it is but one member of the audience's account of what transpired in the seminar – an account which is therefore necessarily selective and pressed through the grid of my own quasi-philosophical interests. Following this account of the seminar, I offer some marginal notes on the open discussion following the seminar, then, finally, some reflections on a particular matter discussed at the dinner which followed that – madness.     

Defining ‘real India’: representations of authenticity in independent travel

As an alternative to the stereotypical mass tourism, independent travellers – travellers who travel for extended periods on low budgets while ostensibly avoiding formalized tourist activities and locales – are invested in constructing ‘authentic’ travel experiences. Practices such as ‘off-the-beaten-track’ travel and cultural engagement provide the means by which independent travellers are able to make claims to such authenticity. Authenticity is constructed by travellers through idealizations of intimacy and non-commodification. These idealizations are tangled in narrative representations of ‘real’ India and ‘real’ Indians, their ‘real’-ness typified by an absence of other travellers, tourists and, more generally, Western contamination. In these ways, ‘authentic’ travel is dependent upon actively constructed binaries of Western travelling subjects and exotic Indian objects. Yet travellers' fantasies of the Other are fragile and subject to collapse at moments in which so-called Others articulate their subjectivity in a way that is inconsistent with travellers' expectations. Through a focus on travellers' narratives of their experience, both the requirement for an Orientalist dichotomy as well as the ruptures that continually challenge this dichotomy, will emerge.     

Oestrogen Rising 2016: Ireland’s stained and bloodied cloths

A weaver, seamstress, laundress and artist, in this essay I shall spin a yarn, tangle a web, and construct a text(ile) of the inter-weave of narrative and identity that I define as my intellectual, textual, somatic and material/visual practice obsessions. My work explores ‘the places in-between’ in the entanglements of Irish and Northern Irish gender and identity, and in the abject fabrics of death and of desire. As an Irish feminist, sense-making of the complexities, conundrums, challenges and contradictions of my land, my cloth, my body and my culture owes much to Irish women before me who fought for female suffrage, and Irish women now – north and south of the border that divides the island of Ireland – who still struggle for equality of citizenship, social justice, human rights, and full reproductive autonomy. My contention is that when we accept that Ireland herself is a many-layered cloth, a stained and bloodied cloth, a cloth marked irreversibly by history, conflict, denial and abuse, stained by its own repression, marked through denial of all its people’s rights and needs, and bloodied by its greatest export, the haemorrhage of its people, then – polemical, didactic or reflective, with more compassion, empathy, humility and heart – we just might make peace with our past.     

The changing configurations of self-(m)other dialogue in North Cyprus

This paper deals with issues of identity, nationalism, postcolonialism, and self-other relations with a focus on a period of transformative events in North Cyprus. It notes how nationalism has been the dominant means of identification for Cypriots in their modern history, and argues that unless weakened and supplanted by a radically pluralist democracy, nationalism imagines one's identity as an indivisible unity and has no place for different others within the nation. However, a pressing relationship with others and otherness is no stranger to Cypriots either, which makes it clear that the border that defines the ‘we’ of such nationalism is, at the same time, the line that divides the self intrinsically, indicating the otherness of the self or its alterity. Subjectivity involves subjection to the other.     

热贡鲁若中"玛泽"与藏族历史的渊源关系

文章从历史学、宗教学、民俗学等角度,将流行于黄南藏族自治州同仁县隆务河流域的六月会主体节目之一"玛泽"的文化内涵进行了新的探讨,并就"玛泽"节目的历史和宗教渊源关系,民俗形成过程,以及对军事、生产活动中的意义提出了自己的看法.     

Changing patterns of mobility,citizenship and conflict in Indonesia

ABSTRACT

Mobility and migration are inherent ingredients of Indonesian cultures. In an archipelago with thousands of islands of various size, character and nature, mobility is an important means to make a living and to survive by migration. The right to free movement in Indonesia is constitutionally granted. It can create mobility and give expression to equal citizenship rights at the same time as it can trigger the enforcement of borders among cultural groups and the ethnification of local and regional politics. Mobility thus always comes along with immobility. Physical mobility of one group of people might cause immobility of another group or it might create cultural and political immobility in the same group. In places such as Eastern Indonesia, people have developed reciprocal means to integrate newcomers. Whereas the immigrants are usually disadvantaged citizens with regards to land and customary rights, those living in the area for generations have nonetheless become integral parts of quite peaceful local settings, one way or the other. The advancement of decentralization, democratization and direct elections of political representatives can lead to political empowerment, the promotion of ethnicity as election capital and changing patterns of belonging. This paper illustrates these ambivalences by looking at mobility in Indonesia more generally and how changing national policies and laws lead to reinterpretations of mobility patterns and trigger changes in relations between local population groups and existing mechanisms of cultural and political inclusion and exclusion. Butonese migrants in Maluku will here serve as a case study.     

三江源自然保护区生态旅游开发的SWOT分析

本文就三江源自然保护区开发生态旅游产品的可行性及发展潜力,运用SWOT分析模式进行客观分析,并得出三江源开发生态旅游产品是实现该地区可持续发展的最佳途径。     

‘Both an Arab and a woman’: gendered,racialised experiences of female Palestinian citizens of Israel

Following feminist and postcolonial discourses, this paper uses the concept of ‘everyday experience’ as a tool to trace the social world of educated Palestinian women in Israel. The term refers to the complex array of these women's experiences in racialised and gendered social sites, as well as within the class, religious, and ethnic contexts in the subordinated group and its relations with the dominant Jewish group. Based on 108 in‐depth interviews with Palestinian women citizens of Israel, the paper claims that educated Palestinian women are located in a ‘third place’ between cultural, gender, class, national and racial structures that generates a continual ambivalence. Within this marginal, ‘unhomely’ space women negotiate their own identities and challenge dominant social definitions. Women create various modes of interim spaces and multi‐dimensional, shifting identities for themselves. The ambivalent attitudes generated by the women's experiences expose the possibility of shedding categorising markers. The omnipresent existence of the gendered, racialised regime of knowledge makes every place a potential site of subversion and resistance.     

羌族宗教信仰与藏文化的关系考察研究

岷江上游羌族宗教信仰是多元混杂的,导致这种现象的产生,既有历史的因素,又有现实的因素.历史的因素可追溯到古羌人时代,从那里我们可寻羌族宗教信仰之渊源的一些踪迹;现实的因素可从羌族地处藏彝走廊,受汉藏文化影响的现状中去采撷一些实际的表现.本文拟就羌族原始宗教信仰中的藏文化因子,羌族天神信仰与藏族民间宗教信仰的渊源,羌族和藏族有关人类起源传说的相似与区分,羌族原始宗教信仰与佛教文化的糅合等方面对羌族宗教信仰与藏文化的关系作一较为深入的考察分析.     

Identification,the exercise of democracy and the fear of the Other – the June EU referendum in the UK

ABSTRACT

The focus is the oscillation among leave voters in the EU referendum from the exercise of rights - an act of dis-identification – towards the assertion of identity as members of a British community. This was mediated by voters acting in an association of citizens calling on the equalising agency of the British people whilst claiming membership of a locally circumscribed community, perceived as injured, through entanglement with the Other prominent among them Europeans. Hence the recovery of the injured community as the object of the denunciators’ desire for identity coupled with the fear of the Other. Predicated on this was the resumption of class, gender and ethnic roles reflected in division among voters. The denunciation of togetherness with Europeans served leave voters to substitute the exercise of rights with a longing for identity. Instrumental in this was the lack of deliberation in the plebiscite to articulate the will of individual voters through a general will. The ‘direct power’ exercised enabled many to cast away their role as citizen in an attempt to claim their privileges as members of a racially and culturally demarcated British community. Paradoxically, the voters’ unashamed disavowal of their agency as citizens by seeking to restore a divided social world as the source of their identity was represented as an exercise in democracy. To some playing on words was supplemented by the use of force removing the gap between the discursive exclusion of the Other and the continued physical presence of bearers of different races and culture.