幼儿教育中儿童民间游戏的价值

当前幼儿教育领域对游戏化教学的重视程度不断提高，多样化的游戏内容有助于激发幼儿参与教育活动的兴趣。在物质匮乏的时期，丢手绢、滚铁环等民间游戏成为给予幼儿快乐的重要途径，而当前社会的发展，动画片、手机游戏已经占据幼儿大部分的时间。在幼儿教育中引入儿童民间游戏，可以引导幼儿体验另一种快乐。文章针对儿童民间游戏在幼儿教育中的价值问题进行探讨，分析儿童民间游戏的重要性和实施策略，旨在促进幼儿教育水平的提高。     

小竹棒，玩出新花样——浅谈民间游戏“跳竹竿”

跳竹竿游戏是传统民间游戏里的一种,它有着浓郁的民族特色,它的运动性强、活动氛围高,且有较强的节奏感和浓厚的趣味性,挑战性。但在高科技的今天,一些简易又好玩的民间游戏已被孩子们淡忘,手机、电脑成为孩子们生活中不可缺的必需品,这也就丧失了游戏对儿童的意义。因此,我们选择了跳竹竿游戏为我园的特色课程。它最大的区别在于它能因陋就简,就地取材,娱乐性强,易学易玩,它的特点几乎不受材料、人数、场地的限制,使幼儿们在游戏中能够体验到与同伴合作的快乐,也让幼儿对我国民族文化、民族风情有了一个充分的了解。     

音乐游戏：促进儿童身心发展

游戏对于儿童来说,是具有＂发展适宜性＂的学习方式,学前音乐教育应扎根于游戏中,并利用音乐对人的生理、社会性和心理、情绪等方面的功能作用,促进儿童身心健康发展,实现对儿童有效、自然理想的教育。音乐律动游戏生命在于运动,学前期是人身体发展最迅速的阶段之一。     

游戏在听障儿童语言康复中的作用

正游戏是一种符合儿童身心发展要求、快乐而自主的实践活动。在健听儿童游戏普遍被关注的今天,游戏也被广泛应用于智障、听障、自闭症等特殊需要儿童的康复训练。听障儿童由于听觉受损,导致听说系统不能建立正常的"言语链",造成了语言学习困难。研究表明,语言能力与其他能力发展存在紧密联系。语言康复效果不仅影响听障儿童听觉言语康复成果,同时也影响和干扰着听障儿童思维能力、学习能力、运动技能及心理和     

优化游戏教学,启迪幼儿智慧

游戏是学龄前儿童喜闻乐见的活动方式,是幼儿活动思维认知的有效手段。我们知道,儿童有天性热爱游戏的心理特征。因此,在幼儿园的课程教学中应该科学合理的设置游戏,充分利用游戏开展幼儿认知活动。只有这样,才能达到培养幼儿认知能力。文章围绕如何在幼儿园教学中开展形式多样的游戏活动进行阐述,旨在促进幼儿思维认知能力的发展。     

沙盘游戏在儿童福利机构中的作用

1．什么是心理沙盘游戏心理沙盘游戏的物质道具三元素：沙、盘、沙具。沙：没有特殊要求,黄色、白色均可,一般来说越细腻越好。盘：盛沙子的木盒,有大中小三种规格,小沙盘54×46×7cm,中沙盘72×57×7cm,大沙盘160×120×7cm,沙盘内部呈蓝色象征蓝天或水,能防水,可以让孩子们用水做沙盘游戏。目前常用的是中型沙盘,大小易于创作、适合表现内心的冲突。     

结合案例分析游戏在儿童社会工作个案辅导中的运用

游戏是儿童表达想法和感受的重要媒介,在儿童的成长生活中占据着非常重要的地位。社会工作实务辅导有必要重视游戏对儿童的意义,将之融合进实务辅导之中。但目前我国社会工作专业领域中尚缺乏相关的理论和实践经验。本文结合自身实务经验,提出专业社工可在三个层面借鉴西方儿童游戏治疗理论的经验,指导个案辅导中的游戏运用,以期可以促进儿童个案社会工作实务的新发展。     

结合案例分析游戏在儿童社会工作个案辅导中的运用

游戏是儿童表达想法和感受的重要媒介,在儿童的成长生活中占据着非常重要的地位。社会工作实务辅导有必要重视游戏对儿童的意义,将之融合进实务辅导之中。但目前我国社会工作专业领域中尚缺乏相关的理论和实践经验。本文结合自身实务经验,提出专业社工可在三个层面借鉴西方儿童游戏治疗理论的经验,指导个案辅导中的游戏运用,以期可以促进儿童个案社会工作实务的新发展。     

试论在游戏中如何培养幼儿的创新意识和创新能力

在幼儿园教育体系中游戏和教学都不可相互替代。游戏能满足儿童在现实生活中无法实现的需要，帮助他们自由表达意愿，从而达到智慧和情感的平衡。而教育机构是不可能没有教学的，幼儿园也不例外。本文从整体上概述了幼儿园游戏教学中培养幼儿的创新意识和创新能力，同时对当前幼儿园教学与游戏问题进行了一些探讨并提供了一些建议。     

游戏与残疾儿童康复

联合国儿童权利公约明确指出:残疾儿童享有与普通儿童同样的游戏权利、享受快乐童年的权利.众多学者也提出,活泼好动是儿童的天性,游戏给予儿童完整与和谐的生活,残疾儿童也不例外,他们同样需要游戏促进发育,发展健全的人格.     

Coalitional Interval Games for Strategic Games in Which Players Cooperate

We propose a method to associate a coalitional interval game with each strategic game. The method is based on the lower and upper values of finite two-person zero-sum games. Associating with a strategic game a coalitional interval game we avoid having to take either a pessimistic or an optimistic approach to the problem. The paper makes two contributions to the literature: It provides a theoretical foundation for the study of coalitional interval games and it also provides, studies, and characterizes a natural method of associating coalitional interval games with strategic games.      

War Toy Play and Aggression in Dutch Kindergarten Children

The play behavior of 54 four to seven-year-old Dutch children in the presence of a standard set of war toys and neutral toys was related to five groups of variables, i.e., parental attitude, possession of war toys at home, the habitual aggressiveness of the child in daily life, the characteristics of the toys themselves, and the play situation. Real object- or person-oriented aggression was rare and was not related to play with the war toys. Suppression of aggression by the experimental situation seemed unlikely. During play, the levels of involvement and fantasy were generally high. Regularly, playful fighting was observed, differentiated as Make-Believe-Aggression and Rough-and-Tumble. These two Play ‘Aggression’ factors, and Real Aggression, could be predicted from other variables, principally from gender, the influence of session partners, play involvement, type of war toy used and parental attitude.     

A unified approach to restricted games

There have been two main lines in the literature on restricted games: the first line was started by Myerson (1977) that studied graph-restricted games an the second one was initiated by Faigle (1989). The present paper provides a unified way to look on the literature and establishes connections between the two different lines on restricted games. The strength and advantages of this unified approach becomes clear in the study of the inheritance of the convexity from the game to the restricted game where an interesting result by Nouweland and Borm (1991) on the convexity of graph-restricted games is turned into a direct consequence of the corresponding result by Faigle (1989), by means of this relation. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Spatial externalities and risk in interdependent security games

Individuals regularly invest in self-protection to reduce the risk of an adverse event. The effectiveness of self-protection often depends on the actions of other economic agents and can be modeled as a stochastic coordination game with multiple Pareto-ranked equilibria. We use lab experiments to analyze tacit coordination in stochastic games with two kinds of interdependencies in payoffs: “non-spatial” in which every agent’s action has an impact on the risk faced by every other agent, and “spatial” in which agents only impact the risk faced by their immediate neighbors. We also compare behavior in the stochastic games to deterministic versions of the same games. We find that coordination on the payoff-dominant equilibrium is significantly easier in the deterministic games than in the stochastic games and that spatial interdependencies lead to greater levels of coordination in the deterministic game but not in the stochastic game. The difficulty with coordination observed in the stochastic games has important implications for many real-world examples of interdependent security and also illustrates the importance of not relying on data from deterministic experiments to analyze behavior in settings with risk.     

Children and safety in Australian policy: Implications for organisations and practitioners

Child safety is now a national policy priority in Australia. Extensive enquiries and reviews have escalated legislative and policy responses focused on developing, maintaining and monitoring “child safe” organisations. The recommendations of the Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse point to the importance of cultural conditions within organisations in supporting child safety and the need for responsive change in some organisations. Drawing on a recent policy analysis, undertaken as part of a larger Australian Research Council Discovery Project, this article examines how children and safety are constructed, within and across relevant state and federal government policies in Australia, and the implications of this. Distinctions are drawn between conceptualisations of children within the broader education policy context and two specific policy contexts in which children are considered particularly vulnerable to abuse – out‐of‐home care and disability. The findings indicate that policy discourses of “child safe” potentially foster different emphases and approaches in organisations. These have implications for the way children are positioned in relation to their safety, how their rights are recognised and implemented, and what is required to foster cultural conditions within organisations to best support children’s safety and wellbeing.     

Compliance, Noncompliance Strategies, and the Correlates of Compliance in 5-year-old Japanese and American Children

The present study compared compliance, noncompliance strategies, and the correlates of compliance in 5-year old Japanese and American children. Forty-seven Japanese children and forty-six American children were observed during three standardized laboratory procedures. Compliance, noncompliance strategies, and negative affect were coded during a Toy Pick Up procedure. Maternal directiveness and mother-directed behaviors were coded during Mother-Child play and Free-play procedures, respectively. A baseline level of play was also obtained during the Free Play procedures to ensure that the childen's willingness to engage in the Toy Pick Up procedure would not be confounded with their level of involvement with the toys. Consistent with predictions derived from a review of cross-cultural research on socialization practices, Japanese children showed longer latencies to begin picking up toys in response to maternal requests and were also more likely to engage in the "less skilled" noncompliance strategies of direct defiance and passive noncompliance than American children. The two groups of children did not, however, differ in their level of negative affect during the Toy Pick Up procedure. Contrary to expectations, maternal directiveness was not associated with compliance in either group of children. However, approach behavior to mother during Free Play was inversely correlated with compliance in Japanese, but not American children.     

LEXICOGRAPHIC ADDITIVITY FOR MULTI-ATTRIBUTE PREFERENCES ON FINITE SETS

Payoff dominance, a criterion for choosing between equilibrium points in games, is intuitively compelling, especially in matching games and other games of common interests, but it has not been justified from standard game-theoretic rationality assumptions. A psychological explanation of it is offered in terms of a form of reasoning that we call the Stackelberg heuristic in which players assume that their strategic thinking will be anticipated by their co-player(s). Two-person games are called Stackelberg-soluble if the players' strategies that maximize against their co-players' best replies intersect in a Nash equilibrium. Proofs are given that every game of common interests is Stackelberg-soluble, that a Stackelberg solution is always a payoff-dominant outcome, and that in every game with multiple Nash equilibria a Stackelberg solution is a payoff-dominant equilibrium point. It is argued that the Stackelberg heuristic may be justified by evidentialist reasoning.     

Generalized externality games

Externality games are studied in Grafe et al. (1998, Math. Methods Op. Res. 48, 71). We define a generalization of this class of games and show, using the methodology in Izquierdo and Rafels (1996, 2001, Working paper, Univ Barcelona; Games Econ. Behav. 36, 174), some properties of the new class of generalized externality games. They include, among others, the algebraic structure of the game, convexity, and their implications for the study of cooperative solutions. Also the proportional rule is characterized for this class of games.