“一带一路”背景下苗族文化的传播机遇与挑战——以黔东南州台江县为例

“一带一路”倡议的实施,对我国各地区民族文化传承既是机遇也是挑战。贵州台江县具有丰富的独具特色的苗族文化,是我国少数民族文化的重要组成部分,所以在“一带一路”大的战略背景下,本文从文化传承的角度出发,结合台江县苗族文化传播概况,分析在“一带一路”背景下台江苗族文化传播战略定位以及机遇与挑战。     

民族记忆与文化基因--瑶族民族记忆中“中华民族共同体”文化基因的表征及其价值阐释

民族记忆既是传承民族文化基因的载体,也是彰显民族文化基因的重要文化表征。民族记忆作为延续民族历史和文化基因的内在根基,通过传承民族历史文化、建构民族身份、塑造民族形象等形式传承和彰显民族文化基因的内在特征。以瑶族为代表的少数民族文化基因是中华民族文化基因的重要组成部分,深入挖掘瑶族民族记忆中蕴含的“中华民族共同体”文化基因,并阐释其内在的价值与意义,对培育和铸牢我国各民族的“中华民族共同体”意识有着重要的理论价值与现实意义。     

“一带一路”背景下苗族文化的传播机遇与挑战——以黔东南州台江县为例

"一带一路"战略的实施,对我国各地区民族文化传承既是机遇也是挑战。贵州台江县具有丰富的独具特色的苗族文化,是我国少数民族文化的重要组成部分,所以在"一带一路"大的战略背景下,本文从文化传承的角度出发,结合台江县苗族文化传播概况,分析在"一带一路"背景下台江苗族文化传播战略定位以及机遇与挑战。     

论现代教育视野下苗族“锦鸡舞”的教育功能

苗族“锦鸡舞”源于锦鸡的动人传说,经过苗族人民世世代代的丰富和发展,如今已成为苗族文化的代表.从现代教育视角观之,“锦鸡舞”集感恩教育、智力开发、体格教育、合作教育、审美教育、环境教育和民族情感教育于一身,值得挖掘、借鉴、继承和弘扬.在现代教育背景下,需要通过保护与传承、弘扬与丰富、融合与繁荣等策略,以提供保障基础、动力基础和竞争氛围,从而优化“锦鸡舞”的教育功能.     

山地民族教育与本土知识传承——以古苗寨平鳌为中心的考察研究

民族教育是民族地区尤其是少数民族山区经济社会发展的根本动力和优秀民族文化传承的根本途径,本文尝试通过对贵州省一个山地民族古村寨教育及文化传承的调查研究,见微知著,以期对现代背景下我国山地少数民族教育及本土知识传承问题进行探索。     

多元文化背景下家庭教育与少数民族文化传承问题

在多元文化并存的背景下,少数民族文化现代化成了民族文化传承的必然趋势,少数民族文化如何传承是个迫切需要解决的问题.学校教育、家庭教育和社会是民族文化传承的基本途径.其中,家庭作为民族文化的载体,通过家庭教育保存和传递民族文化,传播各民族的传统美德.家庭教育是延续和发展人类文明的一种传统手段.本文试从家庭教育中探寻在多元文化背景下少数民族文化的传承问题.     

民族地区幼儿园课程文化适宜性的价值取向及其实践策略

课程是社会文化的适应物,针对目前我国少数民族地区幼儿园课程文化存在的误区,在主张传承民族文化和倡导教育公平的大背景下,在全球化和文化多元的背景下,民族地区幼儿园课程应以文化的适应性为前提.本文将从“何为”与“何以为”两个角度剖析民族地区幼儿园课程的文化适应性问题.“何为”关乎价值取向,彰显民族地区幼儿园课程文化的和而不同及促进教育公平是民族地区幼儿园课程文化适应性的价值取向:“何以为”关乎实践策略,民族地区幼儿园课程文化适应性的实践策略包括文化自觉及在文化一元与多元的矛盾中保持适宜的张力.     

铸牢中华民族共同体意识视域下的民族地区语言治理方案：基于河池、百色的语言使用情况调查

在铸牢中华民族共同体意识背景下,推动具有共同性的国家通用语与具有差异性的民族语言和谐共存、协调发展。基于对河池、百色两地的民族地区语言使用情况进行调查,沿着“国家通用语和壮语均衡发展、倡导多语多文化共同繁荣”的语言文字发展思路,提出民族地区语言治理方案为：其一,精细化开展推普工作,彰显推普工作的广度、深度和温度;其二,固化少数民族语言文字的社会地位,保护和传承少数民族语言,具体包括：用政策法规固化壮语等少数民族语言的社会地位,在母语地区和民族聚居区营造民族语言使用的环境;在广西少数民族群众比较集中的地区开办实施双语教育的幼儿园、小学以及中学;加大少数民族语言宣传力度,开发人性化的多种语言文化服务,发展语言产业。研究结论旨在为我国铸牢中华民族共同体意识的民族地区语言治理方案贡献广西智慧。     

土司制度与中华民族共同体建设初探

元明清时期在西南少数民族地区实施土司制度,促进了西南少数民族成为中华民族“自在”共同体的历史进程,并为中华民族“自觉”共同体建设打下了坚实的基础。在土司制度推行过程中,国家权力深入边疆少数民族地区,逐步实现全国政治、经济、社会、文化诸方面的“大一统”。西南土司地区各族民众在共同拓展中华疆域、共同发展祖国经济、共同推动社会发展、共同创造中华文化(文中简称“四个共同”)的过程中,自觉融入中华民族共同体。土司制度推动了中华民族由“自在”共同体向“自觉”共同体的转变,加速了西南少数民族成为中华民族共同体成员的历史进程。     

少数民族大学生的中华民族共同体意识培育途径研究

通过对少数民族大学生中华民族共同体意识的现状调查和原因分析,发现少数民族大学生对于中华民族的政治认同、文化认同、身份认同和价值认同等方面都有待加强。因此,要大力改善少数民族地区的民生条件,增强少数民族大学生的政治认同;要着力建设各民族共有的精神家园,增强文化自信;加强中华民族共同历史的教育,增强少数民族大学生的身份认同;加强马克思主义民族观教育,增强少数民族大学生的价值认同,从而使其在培育自身“中华民族共同体意识”的同时,担当起国家民族政策的宣传者,担当起“中华民族共同体意识”的践行者的责任,带动少数民族群众广泛培育“中华民族共同体意识”,实现整个中华民族的大团结、大繁荣。     

旅游中的民族文化整合与传承——以阳朔“印象·刘三姐”为例

文章考察了旅游中的民族文化整合与传承问题,结合具体个案民族文化主题项目"印象·刘三姐"对旅游环境导向中的民族文化和符号进行了以文化整合过程和结构的解析,以其中的民族文化元素山歌的原生、再生、衍生方式加以阐述了传承问题.     

“文化族别化”的当代困境及其反思

民族识别工作中以客观的民族文化特征作为民族分类的主要依据,导致了人们对民族文化具有独特性、民族之间的文化具有差异性的强调,最终导致了"文化族别化"。"文化族别化"不能解释不同群体之间普遍存在的交往、交流、交融的客观事实,又将地域性的文化转化为具有明确民族归属的民族文化。对"文化族别化"这种社会认识面临的困境展开讨论和反思,有利于申明民族之间存在广泛的文化交流和客观联系。更为重要的是,承认民族之间的交流和联系比刻意地强调民族之间存在的差异更加重要。     

传统文化习俗与学校教育——教育人类学的视角

传统文化习俗作为一种历史的积淀,与现代教育的产生和发展密不可分.一个族群的传统文化习俗与历史背景,会在一定程度上影响其成员的学业成就.本研究在实地调研的基础上,探讨土瑶传统文化习俗与学校教育之间的关系及其对土瑶儿童学业成就的影响,通过对土瑶部分传统文化习俗的"深度描写",揭示学校院墙之外影响学校教育发展的因素,从文化的视角和层面来探究土瑶学校教育失败的根源.     

现代文明背景下的传统文化传承——以“羌族文化进校园”活动在四川汶川县的实践为例

Modernization and globalization have already become the central themes of contem-porary China. As the carriers of traditional ethnic culture, ethnic minority villages and families have inevitably been involved in this development trend. After school-aged children in ethnic minority fami-lies enter schools, they are separated from their o-riginal cultural environment; meanwhile, the school curriculum is entirely based on the modern western education system. As a result, traditional culture inheritance among contemporary China’s younger generations has been facing unprecedented challenges and crises. The project of ‘Ethnic Culture Entering School Activities’ , which has been implemented in some ethnic minority regions in recent years, can be considered as a beneficial effort to realize the live transmission of ethnic intangible culture by means of school education. ‘Ethnic Culture Ente-ring School Activities ’ , was first initiated in Guizhou province, and later was gradually expand-ed to Yunnan, Guangxi, Hunan, and other prov-inces that have a number of ethnic minorities. Al-though Sichuan province is home to many Tibetan, Qiang , and Yi peoples, this project was implemen-ted in Sichuan very late, thus there is little rele-vant research. Based on the investigations on the status of ‘Qiang Culture entering School Activi-ties’ at three schools in Sichuan’s Wenchuan coun-ty, this article summarizes the characteristics and existing problems in different schools for the trans-mission of ethnic culture so as to provide a reliable reference for related projects in the future. With a survey analysis, the author discovers that ‘Qiang Culture entering School Activities’ at these three schools show differences in terms of the richness of course design, the awareness of its im-portance, and implementation effect; meanwhile, those exiting problems not only reveal the perva-siveness of this project throughout southwest Chi-na, but also show the individual particularities caused by geographical location, school level, and main tasks. Moreover, when investigating these is-sues more deeply, four ‘hidden’ features can be summarized as follows:First, there are structural differences between ordinary elementary and middle schools and voca-tional schools. Vocational schools emphasize more on the transmission of ethnic cultures. Second, the traditional culture of local ethnic minorities has been inherited more naturally in the marginal regions than those more urbanized re-gions. Third, although they are all recognized as in-tangible heritage, different types of traditional cul-ture have an unequal development. The performing type such as singing and dancing shows the most superior transmission ability in ethnic culture; the second superior type is traditional handicraft while ethnic language is obviously the most difficult one in terms of the transmission of ethnic culture. Fourth, the ‘Ethnic Culture Entering School Activities ’ project in different ethnic minority groups has the unbalanced development even in the same region. In the Aba Tibetan and Qiang Auton-omous Prefecture, the Qiang elites generally com-plain that their minority groups have received far less favorable national preferential policies and are viewed with less importance than Tibetan people. The compiling of Tibetan textbooks, Tibetan lan-guage curriculum, and bilingual examination sys-tem are more conducive to the transmission of Ti-betan culture. Concerning the above mentioned problems, this article puts forward the following suggestions:first, the relevant administration should further in-crease the capital investment, and promote the training of teaching staff and school-based text-books;second, local education departments should set up an efficient assessment and incentive mecha-nism, and promote the formation of a social envi-ronment wherein ethnic cultural study has useful applications;finally, schools in ethnic minority re-gions should strengthen cooperation and exchanges among themselves, and build connections with rel-evant education administrations and research insti-tutions. The fundamental difficulty in implementing the ‘Ethnic Culture Entering School Activities ’ project lies in the fact that traditional culture has not been included in the examination content of the modern education system. Therefore, in the ele-mentary and middle school education, the primary goal is to increase the enrollment rate of students, while the transmission of traditional culture is noth-ing more than a slogan. In order to achieve the goal of integrating traditional ethnic culture into the modern education system, we must rely on the co-operation among education administrations, schools, families, and society as a whole, and constantly improve corresponding assessment and incentive mechanisms, thus jointly creating a so-cial environment that ethnic culture has useful ap-plications. Meanwhile, intangible cultural carri-ers, intellectuals who desire to disseminate their ethnic culture, and the parents of the students should all be encouraged to participate; by doing so, we can accelerate the spread of ethnic culture into local schools step by step.     

文化传承视野下社区参与非物质文化遗产旅游开发的思路探讨

非物质文化遗产作为一种重要的旅游资源,已越来越引起人们的重视。基于其源在社区,而且承在社区的特点,选择社区参与旅游开发是有利于非物质文化遗产传承的践行方式。为实现开发与传承的良性互动,应以民族村寨为依托,构筑参与平台,提升参与能力,营造参与环境,充分实现社区主体角色的培育。     

学校教育中传承民族文化存在的问题及对策——以北川羌族自治县的学校教育为例

The Qiang are one of the most ancient ethnic groups in China, and their rich cul-ture is an important part of Chinese culture. Bei-chuan Qiang Autonomous County, in Sichuan province, is a unique Qiang Autonomous County in China, which has an exceptional foundation for transmitting Qiang ethnic culture through school education. However, the county’s transmission of Qiang ethnic culture through school education still faces some problems, such as lack of educational investment, poor teacher resources, lack of ethnic cultural inheritors, and students’ lack of ethnic self-confidence. In view of series dilemmas faced by Beichuan Qiang Autonomous County in trans-mitting Qiang ethnic culture through school educa-tion, this article proposes the following suggestions based on our investigations:1 . Increase the investment in school educa-tion In view of the lack of educational investment, we suggest the following measure be adopted: 1 ) increase educational investment from various levels of the government, especially increasing special in-vestment in transmitting Qiang ethnic culture through school education;2 ) raise funds from the public;3 ) have the schools engage in their own fundraising, and 5 ) make efforts to get foreign aid. 2 . Strengthen the investment in improving teacher resources In view of the problem of poor teacher re-sources, we suggest the following measures: 1 ) strengthen policy support from the national level, and solve the problem of poor teacher resources through training teachers in universities for nation-alities. 2 ) invite Qiang cultural inheritors to be teachers; 3 ) strengthen the technical training of the school teachers, and improve the teachers’ skills;4) add more teacher positions, and improve the treatment of teachers;5 ) encourage teachers to devote their life to the education and inheritance of Qiang culture. 3 . To promote the motivation for studying eth-nic culture In view of the students’ lack of motivation for studying ethnic culture, and the lack of people who go on to inherit the ethnic cultural heritage, we suggest the following: 1 ) Beichuan Autonomous County should help the young Qiang people to be locally employed through developing ethnic econo-mies, and to inherit ethnic culture via developing tourism with ethnic characteristics. 2) Family edu-cation should be closely connected with school edu-cation;3 ) to include an exam on Qiang ethic cul-ture in school entrance examinations in order to re-flect the importance of ethnic culture study;4 ) to add some ethnic culture courses in schools for na-tionalities. 4 . To strengthen the ethnic pride and confi-dence of Qiang students In view of the issue of Qiang students’ lack of ethnic confidence and pride, we suggest the follow-ing:1 ) open Qiang language courses in schools in Qiang areas; 2 ) enlarge the usage range of the Qiang language; 3 ) help students to understand the charm of Qiang culture, and let them feel eth-nic pride. 5 . To standardize and promote a common Qiang language In view of the issue that Qiang have no written language, their spoken language is too complicat-ed, and there are too many dialects, we suggest that the National Languages and Scripts Work Committee should work with Qiang scholars and ex-perts to create a basic dialect of the Qiang-a com-mon Qiang language, which should be promoted in school education, just like mandarin Chinese in school education.     

Ethnos(民族)和Ethnic group(族群)的早期含义与应用

英文ethnic是希腊语ethnos拉丁化的形容词形式 ,对应中文的直译可理解为“族”或“族的” ,属于人类社会“族类共同体”应用范畴。该词在英文中没有形成名词形式 ,在与group连用后形成了复合名词ethnicgroup形式。在 2 0世纪 6 0年代中期以后 ,ethnicgroup一词在美国和西欧国家的社会学、人类学和政治学等学科流行开来 ,用以分析这些国家基于种族、民族、语言、宗教、文化、习俗等要素基础上的“认同群体”。 2 0世纪 80年代以后 ,ethnicgroup这一术语在世界范围流行开来 ,在引入中国人类学、民族学界时 ,中文翻译为“民族”、“民族集团”、“种族”、“族裔群体”和“族群”等 ,其中以“族群”最为通行。但是 ,学界在研究和应用这一术语时 ,缺乏对ethnos及其派生的ethnic和ethnicgroup源流的关注。本文就这一术语在西方国家早期 (2 0世纪 70年代以前 )的含义演变和应用情况做一梳理 ,并指出了这一术语的流行属于西方国家“族类政治化”裂变的产物及其表现出的“后现代”话语的特点 ,以期为进一步研究这一术语在西方国家广泛应用的社会背景作一铺垫     

“刘三姐”歌谣何以实现跨文化传唱——论共性记忆与共同情感交织中的共同体形塑

作为中华优秀传统文化的重要组成部分,“刘三姐”歌谣不仅凸显各民族交往交流交融的意蕴,更关联文化共享与中华民族共同体等主题。基于文化传播、文化交流、文化定位的联结模式,“刘三姐”歌谣跨文化传唱可视为生成“同一个人、共同经验、共性记忆、共同情感”的意义链条,以完成情感共通和共同体形塑的过程。在此意义上,以共性记忆构筑文化共享系统、以共同情感建设各民族共有精神家园,以及以稳定文化基因铸牢共同体意识三者相整合,共同勾勒出理解“刘三姐”歌谣跨文化传唱的理论谱系,为形塑中华民族共同体、铸牢中华民族共同体意识打下情感与心理基础。