利益相关者压力、企业环境伦理与前瞻型环境战略

近年来环境污染问题严重,利益相关者对企业的环境行为提出了更高的要求。已有研究基于利益相关者理论分析了企业环境战略行为,但忽视了企业环境行为自我规范的作用以及管理者自身的道德动机、环境领导力等因素的影响。 基于利益相关者理论、自然资源基础观理论和领导力理论,探讨利益相关者压力对企业环境伦理和前瞻型环境战略的影响,建立一个从“被动”环境行为自我规范到“主动”实施环境战略的中介和调节模型。通过对环保压力较大的227家制造业企业的问卷调查,应用SPSS和Mplus统计分析软件以及多元回归分析方法,实证检验利益相关者通过企业环境伦理对前瞻型环境战略的作用机理。 研究结果表明,利益相关者压力对企业环境伦理和前瞻型环境战略都有显著的正向影响;企业环境伦理正向影响前瞻型环境战略,且在利益相关者压力与前瞻型环境战略间有显著的中介作用;管理者道德动机正向调节利益相关者压力对企业环境伦理的影响;环境领导力正向调节企业环境伦理对前瞻型环境战略的影响;竞争优势期望正向调节利益相关者压力对前瞻型环境战略的影响。 研究结论丰富了自然资源基础观理论和领导力理论,扩展了对企业环境伦理和企业环境战略的研究,从管理者道德动机、环境领导力和竞争优势期望的视角为企业实施环境战略提供一个全新的方案;激励企业管理者将环境问题视为企业获得竞争优势的机会而非威胁,积极应对来自利益相关者的环境压力,提高环境领导力;为企业有效实施环境战略、绿色发展和可持续发展提供理论参考和管理启示。     

基于顾客价值的可持续竞争优势分析

资源基础理论突破了“企业黑箱,”从而实现了可持续竞争优势研究范式的转变。本文从资源特性出发,以顾客价值的视点考察竞争优势的持续性;提出了通过管理导向将企业资源转变为对顾客有价值的产品或服务的思路和可持续竞争优势的维持途径。     

顾客价值与企业竞争优势——以手机行业为例

本研究以顾客价值为理论基础、顾客价值分析为方法,对2003年中国手机企业的竞争优势进行了实证分析。研究结果显示,中国手机行业的竞争是在“物超所值”层面上的竞争,企业间的竞争程度激烈;以行业平均为参考基准,手机行业存在着“优势”、“平均”和“劣势”3种优(劣)势类型,“优势类型”企业的手机“感知利益高”而“感知价格低”;企业为获得竞争优势,只在其中的一个方面领先是不够的;从竞争关系的角度看,手机行业存在着4个竞争阵营,多数企业都在同一个阵营里进行激烈竞争。     

企业诚信与竞争优势的关系研究--基于苏州等六地188家企业的实证调查

本文在综合和提炼了企业诚信与竞争优势的相关理论基础上,将企业诚信分为三个维度,分别是信用水平、品牌、利益相关者信任;将竞争优势分为销售业绩、发展潜力、管理绩效三个维度.本文分析了企业诚信三维度与竞争优势三维度之间的相关和回归关系,研究结论有利于企业诚信建设.     

知识型企业可持续竞争优势的形成机理分析

建立了知识型企业可持续竞争优势的形成机理模型,分别从产生、跃迁和形成路径3个维度来分析其关键影响因素以及各个因素之间的内在联系,在整合竞争优势理论的基础上分析了知识型企业的可持续竞争优势的形成机理.     

企业可持续成长能力及其生成机理

企业的本质活动在于资源配置,企业的持续成长过程实际上就是增强企业资源配置能力的过程。与资源配置活动的3个方面相对应,企业可持续成长能力分解为产业力、制度力、技术力以及市场权力。企业“能力层级”结构阐明了组织学习、可持续成长能力和持久竞争优势的内在关系。“多层灯笼”模型揭示了规范、能力和战略3个学习回路之间的逻辑演进关系和各学习回路内部要素之间的交互作用,它们共同推动了企业可持续成长能力的形成和提升。     

以顾客价值为导向构建企业竞争优势

当前,企业不仅要面对国内市场的竞争,还要面对国外跨国公司的冲击。本土企业为了保持可持续的竞争优势,已深刻地认识到顾客对产品生产、营销渠道选择、售后服务等的决定力量,从而将经营观念转变为以顾客价值为导向。顾客价值是竞争优势的新来源,分析顾客价值对企业构建竞争优势的影响,对企业的发展具有重要意义。     

建筑施工企业核心竞争力构建研究

本文结合现状,阐述了建筑企业核心竞争力的涵义及国内外相关研究动态,分析了核心竞争力来源、构成要素及识别方法,并提出了构建核心竞争力的相关措施,从而使企业获得长期可持续竞争优势。     

运筹活动对企业可持续竞争优势的影响

相关统计结果表明,运筹活动能帮助企业在激烈的竞争中持续成长并维持其优势地位,而要了解组织内运筹活动对可持续性竞争优势影响的机理,就应明确运筹活动对可持续竞争优势构成因素的影响。为此,以持续性因素为中介变量,研究了运筹活动对可持续竞争优势的影响,实证检验了相关研究变量之间的关系。结果显示,运筹活动对企业可持续竞争优势的形成有正效用。     

企业持续发展的生成机理模型:基于海尔案例的分析

企业发展的可持续性问题是我国加入WTO后企业面临的重大而突出的管理课题,也是全球企业面临的共同难题。针对传统理论的缺陷,本文基于系统、动态、多元的视角和企业经营管理的现实,通过海尔案例的实证性分析,揭示了可持续竞争优势四面体协同成长(T)—创新力与控制力动态效率统一(C)—学习能力演进(L)的企业持续发展生成机理模型。在此基础上,对广为学术界激烈争论的可持续竞争优势来源问题、企业发展理论的范式问题和企业可持续发展理论丛林的整合问题进行了讨论。     

Institutional antecedents of subsidiary external embeddedness: Coping with regulatory competitive constraints

We investigate institutional antecedents to subsidiary external embeddedness and relate regulation constraining competition in local service sectors to subsidiary embeddedness with local partners in complementary sectors. Combining research on business networks with arguments derived from transaction cost economics, we argue that subsidiary external embeddedness depends on the extent of transaction costs originating from small numbers bargaining, which regulatory competitive constraints in local service sectors are a source of. Based on this logic, we suggest that low and high levels of regulatory competitive constraints are associated with greater subsidiary external embeddedness. We also suggest that this U-shaped relationship is more pronounced for subsidiaries that are centers of excellence within the multinational enterprise because these subsidiaries heavily depend on the local context as a source of their competitive advantage over their sister subsidiaries.     

组织内部要素与竞争优势的获取

本文在已有的关于竞争优势获取途径研究的基础上着重考察了关键资源、核心竞争力和组织学习这三个组织内部要素与竞争优势的关系,说明了这三个要素在确立竞争优势过程中的不同的作用层次和机理。建立了一个简单的数学模型探讨了三个要素在确立竞争优势中的不同效率以及通过建立核心竞争力和开展组织学习所能获得的比较优势。     

APPLYING SCENARIO‐DRIVEN STRATEGY TO INTEGRATE ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND PRODUCT DESIGN

The successful development of breakthrough products with environmental attributes can not only create competitive advantage through operations excellence but also benefit the environment. This paper proposes a comprehensive scenario‐driven method with detailed implementation steps for planning and developing breakthrough products with environmental attributes. A case study based on the development process of biotechnology products is presented to show the applications of the method and the resulting importance of flexibility as a key ingredient in operations strategy. The paper also discusses various operational, marketing, technological, economic, and environmental issues concerning the development of biotechnology products, an area that could have a significant impact on both human health and the natural environment.     

Strategic alliances in fast-moving markets

The pace of technological change and market shifts is forcing organizations to reconsider their strategies for creating sustainable competitive advantage. Strategic alliances focused on destabilizing market values are currently the most effective source of sustainable competitive advantage. The purpose of this article is to explain how successful strategic alliances can be arranged in fast-moving markets.     

Perceived competitive influences and innovative behaviour

The article looks at how firms' perceptions of competitive influences shape their innovative behaviour as they search for strategic advantage. In this exploratory piece of research, the author shows that firms take notice of a small number of competitors only, their perceived competitive position is very different from that measured “objectively”, and that firms have programs which direct resources into innovative behaviour to meet competitive threats.¹     

A structural analysis of greening the supplier,environmental performance and competitive advantage

A clear research need has been identified to confirm the structural relationships between greening the supplier, enhanced environmental performance and improved competitive advantage, to provide an impetus for firms to green their suppliers. A mail survey was conducted and empirical data of 119 ISO 14001 manufacturing firms in Malaysia was gathered for this study. Structural equation modelling technique was applied in this research article. Results from the analysis, reveal the existence of a positive and significant linkage between green suppliers with both environmental performance and competitive advantage. At the same time, environmental performance has also been shown to positively and significantly affect competitive advantage; while environmental performance plays a partial mediating role between greening the supplier and competitiveness. Such significant finding is especially essential for the manufacturing sector registered with ISO 14001 who intend to enhance their environmental performance and carve a niche competitive edge in the business arena.     

From Temporary Competitive Advantage to Sustainable Competitive Advantage

Both industrial organization theory (IO) and the resource‐based view of the firm (RBV) have advanced our understanding of the antecedents of competitive advantage but few have attempted to verify the outcome variables of competitive advantage and the persistence of such outcome variables. Here by integrating both IO and RBV perspectives in the analysis of competitive advantage at the firm level, our study clarifies a conceptual distinction between two types of competitive advantage ? temporary competitive advantage and sustainable competitive advantage ? and explores how firms transform temporary competitive advantage into sustainable competitive advantage. Testing of the developed hypotheses, based on a survey of 165 firms from Taiwan's information and communication technology industry, suggests that firms with a stronger market position can only attain a better outcome of temporary competitive advantage whereas firms possessing a superior position in technological resources or capabilities can attain a better outcome of sustainable competitive advantage. More importantly, firms can leverage a temporary competitive advantage as an outcome of market position to improving their technological resource and capability position, which in turn can enhance their sustainable competitive advantage.     

Competitive advantage and the information technology industry

In this article, Timo Koski sets the stage by defining more clearly what is meant by “high technology”, and points out that it is by no means synonymous with the electronics industry.He then relates corporate management, corporate strategy and competitive advantage to the information technology industry in Finland. This competitive advantage can be summarized in three aspects: technological ability, product market fit and resource market fit. The dynamics of the information technology industry are also explored, and found to run parallel with business and product life cycles and the globalisation process.The article concludes with the view that information technology, as a business, requires fast-moving and fast-reacting management. However, it is also inextricably linked to global issues, and is prevented from becoming too hectic by being part of long-term corporate management.     

The keiretsu in Asia: Implications for multilevel theories of competitive advantage

Much of our understanding of competitive advantage draws upon the experience of Western firms. Massive Japanese investment in an effort to replicate keiretsu (interfirm) networks in Asia since the 1980s presents fertile grounds to shed new light on the sources of competitive advantage. Building on such an experience, this article develops a multilevel perspective focusing on how competitive advantage is preserved and strengthened for firms, networks, and nations involved. Its hallmark is careful attention to levels of analysis by (a) spelling out the attendant assumption of homogeneity among keiretsu member firms, (b) explaining the basis of such an assumption, (c) exploring alternative assumptions, and (d) drawing upon diverse subtopics within the strategy literature.     

中国农产品国际竞争力的估计

本文系统介绍了研究出口商品国际竞争力的等市场份额 (CMS)模型 ,用该模型对中国农产品整体国际竞争力的长期变化趋势进行了研究。研究表明 ,中国农产品国际竞争力呈下降趋势 ,出口值绝对量的增长掩盖了这一趋势。出口农产品结构不优、市场结构单一是制约中国农产品国际竞争力提高的主要因素。采用显性比较优势 (RCA)法 ,对不同类型农产品的具体国际竞争力进行了研究。结果显示 ,土地密集型农产品的比较优势已基本丧失 ,而劳动密集型农产品具有较强的比较优势。鲜活原料型农产品的比较优势呈下降趋势 ,而深加工型农产品的比较优势在显著上升。并指出了相应的政策含义。