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1.
Child poverty has been widely discussed in Germany since the publication of the third official Poverty and Wealth Report of
the German government in 2008 which—inter alia—focused on the situation of children and families. However, child poverty is
not only caused by low household incomes and impacts of child poverty are not only restricted to financial consequences. The
capability approach takes into account this multidimensionality of well-being and poverty of children. It conceptualizes human
well-being as not only depending on financial means but also gives the same importance to the personal and social conversion
factors which determine how far financial means can be converted into personal well-being. Before 2008 the capability approach
had only been applied to the well-being of adults in Germany, but not specifically to the well-being of children. However,
there are several reasons why a capability analysis for children will differ from a capability analysis for adults. Adults’
capability sets comprise dimensions that are less relevant for small children while other valuable capabilities have to be
added. Furthermore the capability set depends to a large extent on the age of the child. The paper focuses on a multidimensional
poverty analysis in the capability perspective of 5–6 years old children. In the domains of “Education/Leisure”, “Health”,
“Social Participation” and “Income” child poverty is measured by predefined indicators. The relationship to the social and
personal conversion factors of the caretakers is then evaluated. Additionally, a multidimensional poverty measure is analyzed. 相似文献
2.
Christabel Young 《Journal of Population Research》1989,6(1):38-56
This paper compares international population policies with respect to population growth, fertility and immigration, and discusses
current attitudes to the demographic situation in developed countries. Only Canada, the United States and Australia have a
policy of continuing high immigration, and Australia’s migrant intake per head of population is considerably higher than for
the other two countries. An emerging philosophy in Britain and Europe is a focus on “child quality” and the well-being of
a near stationary population, rather than continued population growth. There is also an awareness that immigration is not
a solution to the ageing “problem” and that there are more efficient non-demographic means of coping with an older population. 相似文献
3.
Theorizing indicators 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Ivar Frønes 《Social indicators research》2007,83(1):5-23
Policymakers and social theorists have increasingly come to rely on social indicators to guide their decisions and theories.
Social indicators are also useful in bridging theory and empirical research as well as the traditional gap between policymaking
and social theory. The concept of social indicators covers interpretation of cultural signs, simple statistical measures,
and complex statistical indexes related to sets of domains. The article views the development of child well-being indicators
as central not only in the social welfare field, but as an indicator of future societal conditions, given that children’s
lives are especially sensitive to social change. The paper addresses the development of indicators of children’s well-being,
arguing that the expansion of the field, the complexity of new domains and indicators, and the position of children as “being”
and “becoming”, they are citizens of the present as well as being socialized for the future, illustrates that the next crucial
step for the field is to further elaborate theories and models. 相似文献
4.
This study presents a detailed look at the immigration and internal migration dynamics of child poverty for US States based on the 1990 US census. It assesses the impact of two policy-relevant factors on the migration of poor children across States: (1) the role of high immigration levels as a potential push for native-born and longer-term resident poor children whose parents may be reacting to the economic competition or social costs in high immigration States; and (2) the role of State AFDC benefits as a potential pull for poor children who migrate with their parents to States with higher benefit levels. The results make plain that the interstate migration patterns of poverty children differ from those of nonpoverty children, especially among whites and blacks. Female-headed households show different inter-state migration patterns than those in married-couple households. However, a multivariate analysis which includes standard state-level economic attributes provides more support for an immigration push than for a welfare magnet pull in affecting the inter-state migration of poor children. The findings also show a demographic displacement of poor children occurring in high immigration States where the net out-migration of poor children is more than compensated by larger numbers of new immigrant children in poor families with different demographic attributes. Because of these migration dynamics, the demographic profile of the child poverty population will differ across States, suggesting the need for different strategies toward reducing child poverty at the State level. 相似文献
5.
Despina Moraitou Chrysa Kolovou Chrysa Papasozomenou Catherine Paschoula 《Social indicators research》2006,76(1):71-93
This study examined the relationship between hope as disposition, adaptation to old age, and individual-demographic factors.
One hundred and fifty older adults, aged 60–93 years old, completed the Adult Dispositional Hope Scale developed by Snyder
et al. [1991, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60, pp. 570–585], and the Adaptation to Old Age Questionnaire
developed by Efklides et al. [2003, European Psychologist, 8, pp. 178–191]. Factor analyses revealed 2 factors for hope, “Pathways
Thought” and “Agency Thinking”, and 4 factors for adaptation to old age, “Health Comparison”, “General Adaptation/Self-Efficacy”,
“Self-Control”, and “Generativity”. Regression analyses showed that hope as pathways thought predicted all factors of adaptation,
whereas hope as agency thinking predicted only “General Adaptation/Self-Efficacy” and “Self-Control”. There were also some
effects of gender, education, marital status, place of residence, and health status on specific aspects of adaptation to old
age. 相似文献
6.
John Ermisch 《Journal of population economics》2008,21(4):827-853
The paper presents a model of a non-resident father’s child support and contact with his child, which combines the public
good treatment of “child quality” with “trade” in father–child contact time in a setting of non-cooperative interaction. It
predicts that father’s income and mother’s non-labour income should have exactly the same effect on the frequency of father–child
contact if he chooses to make lump sum payments to the mother. If he does not or there is a binding child support payment
order, they have effects opposite in direction. A higher binding support order reduces father–child contact but may well raise
“child quality”.
相似文献
John ErmischEmail: |
7.
Clarissa C. David Jenna Mae L. Atun Antonio G. M. La Vi?a 《Population research and policy review》2012,31(2):297-319
This paper investigates the political framing of population in policy discourse through an analysis of legislative documents.
Semantic network analysis was conducted and results were interpreted through discourse analysis of the typical arguments identified.
Policy texts were classified into three sets: population management, reproductive health and family planning, and anti-abortion
and anti-FP. While the “population management” frame focuses on social and economic consequences of population growth, the
“reproductive health” frame defines the problem from a health perspective. Both policies propose aggressive FP programs but
each frame uses distinct political rhetoric and semantic approach in its arguments. The “anti-abortion and anti-FP” frame
identifies two problems: rise in incidence of abortion and existing policy that prohibit health professionals from refusing
patients information on contraception. By invoking a moral argument and anchoring on rights, these policies challenge the
problem and solutions identified by the first two frames. 相似文献
8.
Richard J. Estes 《Social indicators research》2010,98(3):363-402
World social development has arrived at a critical turning point. Economically advanced nations have made significant progress
toward meeting the basic needs of their populations; however, the majority of developing countries have not. Problems of rapid
population growth, failing economies, famine, environmental devastation, majority-minority group conflicts, increasing militarization,
among others, are pushing many developing nations toward the brink of social chaos. This paper focuses on worldwide development
trends for the 40-year period 1970–2009. Particular attention is given to the disparities in development that exist between
the world’s “rich” and “poor” countries as well as the global forces that sustain these disparities. The paper also discusses
more recent positive trends occurring within the world’s “socially least developed countries” (SLDCs), especially those located
in Africa and Asia, in reducing poverty and in promoting improved quality of life for increasing numbers of their populations. 相似文献
9.
Li Liu 《Social indicators research》2006,75(2):217-240
This study explores the meaning of quality of life (QOL) in China from the perspective of social representations. The data
were collected by open-ended individual interviews with 16 ordinary Chinese people. The study shows that social thinking about
QOL in Chinese society is activated in five critical domains of life: health, family, work, social relations and the natural
environment. Meanwhile, “having” and “being”, the two antinomic, yet dialogical interdependent, interpretive repertoires,
have an overarching generative and normative power over the discourse about QOL. They permeate and underpin the different
domains of life. Dominated by an “economic logic”, the “having” repertoire constructs these life domains through a set of
economic consequences and posits them as resources leading to material possessions. While dominated by an “existential logic”,
the “being” repertoire confesses existential meanings to the same life domains, and emphasises the joy derived from them.
Thereby, it infers that QOL as a social representation is generated from, and organised around, a central thema of “having”
and “being”. 相似文献
10.
The American Community Survey (ACS) is a U.S. Census Bureau product designed to provide accurate and timely demographic and
economic indicators on an annual basis for both large and small geographic areas within the United States. Operational plans
call for ACS to serve not only as a substitute for the decennial census long-form, but as a means of providing annual data
at the national, state, county, and subcounty levels. In addition to being highly ambitious, this approach represents a major
change in how data are collected and interpreted. Two of the major questions facing the ACS are its functionality and usability.
This paper explores the latter of these two questions by examining “persons per household (PPH),” a variable of high interest
to demographers and others preparing regular post-censal population estimates. The data used in this exploration are taken
from 18 of the counties that formed the set of 1999 ACS test sites. The examination proceeds by first comparing 1-year ACS
PPH estimates to Census 2010 PPH values along with extrapolated estimates generated using a geometric model based on PPH change
between the 1990 and 2000 census counts. Both sets of estimates are then compared to annual 2001–2009 PPH interpolated estimates
generated by a geometric model based on PPH from the 2000 census to the 2010 census. The ACS PPH estimates represent what
could be called the “statistical perspective” because variations in the estimates of specific variables over time and space
are viewed largely by statisticians with an eye toward sample error. The model-based PPH estimates represent a “demographic
perspective” because PPH estimates are largely viewed by demographers as varying systematically and changing relatively slowly
over time, an orientation stemming from theory and empirical evidence that PPH estimates respond to demographic and related
determinants. The comparisons suggest that the ACS PPH estimates exhibit too much “noisy” variation for a given area over
time to be usable by demographers and others preparing post-censal population estimates. These findings should be confirmed
through further analysis and suggestions are provided for the directions this research could take. We conclude by noting that
the statistical and demographic perspectives are not incompatible and that one of the aims of our paper is to encourage the
U.S. Census Bureau to consider ways to improve the usability of the 1-year ACS PPH estimates. 相似文献
11.
Social Stratification and Consumption Patterns in Turkey 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
Kemal Aydin 《Social indicators research》2006,75(3):463-501
In this article, by analyzing consumption practices of Turkish households, I attempted to identify whether there are distinctions
between different social classes in Turkey. Stated another way, I assessed and explored the impact of socio-economic forces
on consumption patterns, taste and lifestyle. In doing so, I tested emprically, two theoretical approaches, Bourdieu’s “reproduction
theory” and Giddens “class Structuration thesis”. A total of eight dependent variables are analyzed in terms of the linkages
between those selected consumption items and social structure. In general, the emprical findings indicated that the intersection
and reinforcement of social class variables, such as income, education, occupation, sector, and neighborhood differentiation,
determined consumption patterns and lifestyle differences in Turkey. 相似文献
12.
Spatially extensive analysis of satellite, climate, and census data reveals human-environment interactions of regional or
continental concern in the United States. A grid-based principal components analysis of Bureau of Census variables revealed
two independent demographic phenomena, α-settlement reflecting traditional human settlement patterns and β-settlement describing relative population growth correlated with recent construction in non-agricultural areas, notably in coastal,
desert, and “recreational” counties and around expanding metropolitan areas. Regression tree analysis showed that β-settlement
was differentially associated with five distinct combinations of seasonality, summer heat or cool, intensity of agriculture,
and extent of “barren” land. Beta-settlement was greatest in coastal and desert areas, and coincided with national concentrations
of threatened and endangered species. 相似文献
13.
This study reviews the sustainable urban design concept and identifies critical factors for enhancing social sustainability
of urban renewal projects. Through a questionnaire survey carried out in Hong Kong, the opinions of architects, planners,
property development managers, and local citizens were sought and evaluated. The results derived from factor analysis indicated
that certain design features should be incorporated for achieving social sustainability. “Satisfaction of Welfare Requirements”,
“Conservation of Resources & the Surroundings”, “Creation of Harmonious Living Environment”, “Provisions Facilitating Daily
Life Operations”, “Form of Development” and “Availability of Open Spaces” were believed to be the significant underlying factors
for enhancing social sustainability of local urban renewal projects.
相似文献
Grace K. L. LeeEmail: |
14.
There is an ambiguity in Amartya Sen’s capability approach as to what constitutes an individual’s resources, conversion factors
and valuable functionings. What we here call the “circularity problem” points to the fact that all three concepts seem to
be mutually endogenous and interdependent. To econometrically account for this entanglement we suggest a panel vector autoregression
approach. We analyze the intertemporal interplay of the above factors over a time horizon of 15 years using the BHPS data
set for Great Britain, measuring individual well-being in functionings space with a set of basic functionings, comprising
“being happy”, “being healthy”, “being nourished”, “moving about freely”, “being well-sheltered” and “having satisfying social
relations”. We find that there are indeed functionings that are resources for many other functionings (viz. “being happy”)
while other functionings (“being well-sheltered” and “having satisfying social relations”) are by and large independent, thus
shedding light on a facet of the capability approach that has been neglected so far. 相似文献
15.
Judith Christine Streak Derek Yu Servaas Van der Berg 《Social indicators research》2009,94(2):183-201
This paper offers evidence on the sensitivity of child poverty in South Africa to changes in the adult equivalence scale (AES)
and updates the child poverty profile based on the Income and Expenditure Survey 2005/06. Setting the poverty line at the
40th percentile of households calculated with different AESs the scope and composition of child poverty are found to be relatively
insensitive to the scale used. The rankings of children of different ages, girls versus boys, racial groupings and children
living in rural versus urban areas are unaffected by choice of AES, although some provincial rankings on the poverty headcount
measure are. The proportions of children and households ‘correctly’ identified as poor for the full range of scales is extremely high.
These findings support the argument that it may be appropriate for profiling poverty in South Africa to use a poverty line
based on a per capita welfare measure. For the construction of the child poverty profile, per capita income is used as the
welfare indicator with the poverty line set at the 40th percentile of household. The profile suggests that poverty amongst
children is more extensive than amongst the population or adults even after the massive injection of transfers into households
with poor children through the child support grant. The child poverty headcount, depth and severity are all highest amongst
children age 0–4 and lowest amongst those aged 15–17, who are not yet beneficiaries of the grants. They are also highest amongst
African and Coloured children. Large variations across provinces remain. The analysis underlines the importance of prioritising
children in the fight against poverty, particularly in their earliest years. 相似文献
16.
This study of the counties of South Carolina introduces a limited purpose, modifiable technology that is designed to reproduce
the rapid discovery strategy of the natural sciences. It uses factor analysis to identify types of communities and the threats
they face, and evaluates their success in dealing with these by comparisons based on age-adjusted mortality rates. The factor
analysis of mostly census indicators generated an Urbanization factor along with two measures of the interaction with the
environment, Growth and Poverty. Growth was expected to predict mortality negatively while Poverty should predict positively.
Regression analysis confirms both predictions but only for each race. That is, Growth predicted lower mortality, but only
for African-Americans. Poverty predicted higher mortality, but only for whites. These and other puzzling findings are explored,
illustrating the “rapid discovery” technology that is the central feature of this paper. 相似文献
17.
Frank W. Young 《Social indicators research》2012,107(1):71-78
Using an “ecological regional analysis” methodology for defining types of communities and their associated mortality rates,
this study of Georgia’s 159 counties finds that the suburban and town centered counties have low mortality while the city-centered
type predicts low mortality for the whites. The military-centered counties do not predict. The rates for circulatory disease
deaths show the same pattern. These findings are interpreted with the help of a new version of social ecology grounded in
the ratio of the county’s problem-solving capacity to the threats it faces. 相似文献
18.
Dr. J. Mayone Stycos 《Population and environment》1995,16(3):205-219
Population projections depend on censuses, vital statistics and sample surveys, all of which have deficiencies that are most
marked in the less developed countries (LDCs). Long-range projections by international agencies have recently undergone major
revisions, while forecasts of the U.S. population have changed drastically over the past four years. The United Nations typically
prepares “high,” “medium” and “low” projections. Even the high projection contains optimistic assumptions about fertility
decline, while assumptions of constant or increasing fertility receive no serious attention. The paper suggests that high
and constant fertility projections should receive more attention from policy makers, with medium estimates treated more as
targets achievable only through considerable programmatic effort. At the same time, economic and social plans should be laid
for dealing with the population sizes implied by the “high” variants. 相似文献
19.
Neil T. Higgs 《Social indicators research》2007,81(2):331-356
South Africa has a Gini co-efficient of 62, one of the world’s highest (Finmark: Project FinScope 2004 and 2005, FinMark Trust, Johannesburg). Hence, measures of wealth are ubiquitous social indicators in South Africa. However, a growing emphasis in government towards measurable service delivery targets and remedial action to redress the inequalities of our past makes the reliable measurement of people’s quality of life in greater depth in quantitative terms an imperative.We have developed a simple framework to measure people’s quality of life in key domains that extend beyond that simply of wealth, using composite indices to allow progress to be tracked and to make valid comparisons across our diverse population. Termed the Everyday Quality of Life Index (EQLi), it comprises a suite of measures encompassing socio-economic status (with special reference to poverty), urbanisation, health (nutrition, exercise and fitness), stress/pressure, quality of the environment, satisfaction of human needs, connectivity, optimism, subjective well-being (happiness, after Diener and Lucas: 2000, in M. Lewis, J.M. Haviland (eds.), Handbook of Emotions. (2nd ed) (Guilford, New York)), and the overall measure of well-being, the EQLi itself.The initial framework was developed from a structured questionnaire administered to a probability sample of 2000 South African adults in 2002. From this, a 52-item shortlist was derived to create the series of measures. This has been tested and refined in three subsequent annual studies, each of 3500 people across urban and rural South Africa. In 2004, items involving work as well as determining the balance of skills and challenges at work using the concept of “flow” (Csikszentmihalyi: 1990, Flow: The Psychology of Optimal Experience (Harper and Row, New York)) were added.This paper outlines the rationale behind the selection and development of these measures, describes the EQL of South Africans using these and other key measures and concludes with implications for policy-makers and service providers in South Africa. Some marketing implications are also given: there is a growing emphasis worldwide on corporate social investment initiatives and, particularly in South Africa, on community upliftment and development – poverty alleviation and improving the lives of the disadvantaged (“people” rather than “consumers”). Further, people’s well-being affects how they react to marketing activities. 相似文献
20.
With data drawn from the second public release version of the “Survey of Health, Aging and Retirement in Europe” (SHARE),
we scrutinize individual and contextual (regional) correlates of economic difficulties among older Europeans, aged 65 or more.
A logistic multi-level regression model with random intercept shows that the risk of being relatively poor varies considerably
among the aged. We verified that the factors affecting poverty in each area are not merely the weighted sum of the effect
of the more disadvantaged people within the same area, which also exists: poverty appears also significantly influenced by
the specific context of residence. 相似文献