Ethiopian Immigration to Israel

ABSTRACT

As a country ofingathered exiles, Israel has taken pride in its history of policies and structures designed to ease immigrant absorption. The recent waves of Ethiopian newcomers, however, have presented a range of unanticipated resettlement problems. This paper examines some of these issues, the attempts of the government to resolve them and the positive and negative outcomes of these resolutions. The underlying focus Is the preservation of ethnic integrity during the reacculturation process.     

Developing Young Leadership Within the Ethiopian Immigrant Group in Israel

When over 8000 Ethiopian Jews fled to Israel in 1982 and 1994, whole communities were uprooted from a longstanding traditional way of life. Their abrupt introduction to a Western-style Israeli culture, different language and customs contradicted their almost mystical expectations of their religious homeland, resulted in a culture shock that threatened their entire way of life—especially the hierarchical leadership of elders that they were accustomed to. This article offers a glimpse into the Ethiopian Jews' life prior to the migration, as well as the Israeli reality they now face. Our project, initiated in 1996 and lasting one year, sought to locate and train young immigrant Ethiopian leaders to help bridge the gap between their communities and their new life-preserving Ethiopian values and traditions while promoting adaptation. This article outlines the development of the model, from the conception of the idea through the formation of the multidisciplinary team, the establishment of criteria for locating and selecting the target leadership population, the training process, and the final evaluations and conclusions during the year-long operation of the project.     

Hidden and actual dropout from the education system among adolescents of Ethiopian origin in Israel

ABSTRACT

This paper examines aspects and predictors of actual and hidden dropout among immigrant students in general, and among Israeli students of Ethiopian origin, in particular. A hidden dropout is a student who is often absent from school or physically in class but is passive and does not actively take part in the learning process. The subject of this study derives from research evidence showing that the dropout rates of Israeli adolescents of Ethiopian origin are higher than those of their peers who are not of Ethiopian origin. We investigated differences between normative learners, hidden dropout youth and adolescents who are disengaged from the educational system. The predictors included perceived discrimination, social support and collective identities; 374 adolescents of Ethiopian origin completed self-report questionnaires. The major findings show that the hidden dropouts group was characterised by a pattern of high parental encouragement but a lack of support from teachers. Implications of the results, both for theory and for practice, are discussed, followed by suggestions for future research.     

A model-based evaluation of a cultural mediator outreach program for HIV+ Ethiopian immigrants in Israel

This article presents a model-based evaluation of a program designed to reduce HIV transmission from HIV-infected Ethiopian immigrants in Israel. Rather than rely on self-reported variables such as condom use, this study's approach focuses on pregnancy rate reduction, estimated from administrative periodic reporting data, as a measure of unprotected sexual exposure. The models show that among both HIV+ women and the female sex partners of HIV+ men, the ongoing pregnancy rates estimated during the intervention were significantly lower than the estimated baseline pregnancy rates, suggesting reductions in unprotected sexual exposures among those participating in the program.     

Metropolitan Labour Markets, Peripheral Labour Markets and Socio-economic Outcomes among Immigrants to Israel

This article focuses on the impact of the local opportunity structure on socio‐economic outcomes of recent immigrants to Israel. Specifically, it examines the extent to which metropolitan labour markets versus peripheral labour markets differentially affect socio‐economic incorporation of recent “Russian” immigrants who arrived in Israel after the collapse of the former Soviet Union in 1989. Using the 1995 Israeli Census of Population, the analyses address the following questions: (1) were recent immigrants differentially sorted to local labour markets; (2) do local labour markets differentially affect socio‐economic attainment; and (3) do modes of socio‐economic attainment and patterns of ethnic inequality differ across metropolitan and peripheral labour markets? The analyses reveal that immigrants from the European republics and of lower education are more likely to settle in peripheral labour markets than in metropolitan labour markets. Peripheral labour markets, compared with metropolitan labour markets, have detrimental consequences for the socio‐economic outcomes of immigrants. The data do not provide strong support for the thesis that patterns of socio‐economic attainment and inequality differ much across labour markets. The rules according to which socio‐economic attainment of immigrants is determined are, for the most part, similar across labour markets. In general, occupational status and earnings of immigrants are likely to increase with the passage of time, education, European origin; and to decline with age regardless of type of the local labour market. However, the socio‐economic outcomes of immigrants are considerably higher in the metropolis than in the periphery. The findings suggest that the local labour market plays a major role in the determination of immigrants' socio‐economic rewards and outcomes.     

德鲁兹社团与以色列国家的关系

在以色列生活着13万德鲁兹人,与境内其他阿拉伯人不同,早在英国委任统治时期德鲁兹社团就跟犹太社团有着比较友好的关系,以色列建国后这种关系得到持续发展。从1956年起德鲁兹社团被正式纳入以色列义务兵役制内,与以色列国家结成“血盟”。作为回报,政府向德鲁兹社团承诺了平等和一体化,并利用国家机器,从历史、宗教、教育、习俗等方面促进独立的德鲁兹民族建设,帮助德鲁兹社团构建“以色列一德鲁兹”的身份认同。但由于以色列犹太国家的性质所限,德鲁兹社团的一体化进程面临诸多挑战。     

Neighborhood Experiences and Community Integration

Abstract

This exploratory study examines the social interactional aspect of community integration among persons with psychiatric disabilities. Six focus groups were conducted with 18 mental health consumers in three publicly sponsored community residential programs and 11 staff members providing services to these consumers. Mental health consumers reported both positive and negative experiences in their interactions with community residents. Despite perceived differences between persons with psychiatric disabilities and their neighbors, consumers considered reciprocity and mutual accommodation to be critical for building social relationships in their communities. Mental health providers suggested that social integration can be facilitated by developing independent living and social skills, by overcoming self-stigma and institutional and homeless mindsets, and by having a supportive community of consumers.     

Chapter 6. Post-Occupancy Evaluation of a Life-Care Community for the Aged in Israel

ABSTRACT

This paper presents an advanced housing arrangement for elderly people and an innovative method of Combined Post-Occupancy Evaluation to evaluate it. The method is based on what we developed and found to be a useful checklist of housing-related needs-physical-functional and psycho-social-of elderly people. According to our findings, the fulfillment of the psycho-social needs has first priority in determining the satisfaction of the elderly with their environment. The evaluation method combines a two-fold professional evaluation and an evaluation by the users. The results of the evaluation lead to several practical recommendations, including a recommended reduction of the resources devoted to public areas in old-age homes and an increase of the investments in the individual housing units, in which most of the needs of the residents are fulfilled.     

Some Effects of the Community on Cultural Integration*

Attitudinal and behavioral data indicative of cultural integration support the hypothesis of decreasing race/ethnic differences. The study data were collected from inmigrant Mexican-Americans and Negroes and a control group of Anglo residents at two points in time separated by eleven years. Tau is used to describe similarity or dissimilarity in race ethnic distributions within each year's data and as a measure of changing race/ethnic response across the eleven-year span.     

Comparing Transnational and Communal Diaspora Philanthropies Among Temporary Migrant Workers: The Case of the Filipino Community in Israel

VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations - Diaspora philanthropy, sending donations to the homeland, has evolved with worldwide migration. While scholars have...     

The Manipulation: Socio-economic decision making

We analyze one-shot Prisoner’s Dilemma decisions made by participants of the high-stakes TV game show The Manipulation, and document the influence of social life factors on economic decisions, alongside the participants’ rational considerations. In particular, we employ a social psychology approach to provide a new perspective on the determinants of financial assistance. Our insights from the TV game are corroborated by a controlled laboratory experiment. We find that helping and sharing behavior in strategic situations is explained by Attribution Theory (AT) and beliefs about expected cooperativeness. Specifically, participants’ decisions are influenced by perceived controllability of opponents’ conditions (an attributional characteristic influencing perception of responsibility and related emotions) and social-relations-based beliefs regarding the opponents’ expected cooperativeness.     

The Effects of Work and Community Resources and Demands on Family Integration

This paper uses interviews with 1,156 married dual-earner parents of children aged 10–17 from the 1992–1994 National Survey of Families and Households to examine relationships between work and community resources and demands and two aspects of family integration: activities with adolescents and family cohesion. The results indicate that mothers' shorter paid work hours and fathers' lower participation in community-professional organizations and moderate and high levels of informal helping are positively related to activities with adolescents, whereas moderate and high levels of participation in organized youth activities are positively related to family integration. Community-based subjective resources are positively related to family integration, whereas work-based subjective demands are negatively related to family cohesion. The findings generally are similar for mothers and fathers.     

Schizophrenia,Community Integration,and Recovery

Abstract

Rooted in deinstitutionalization policy, the community inclusion required by the Olmstead case, and the grass roots recovery movement, community integration for those who have diagnoses of serious mental illnesses has become an increasingly important policy goal. The purpose of this project was to examine empirical evidence describing experiences with social or community integration for people with psychiatric disabilities, with a particular interest in the schizophrenias. Studies chosen for review all involved direct survey or interview data from people with psychiatric disabilities and examined subjective experiences with social relationships or linked social participation with clinical, functional, or quality of life outcomes. Experiences involving the dynamics of social stigma, the achievement of personal agency, and innovative pathways to satisfying social inclusion are core themes found that are highly relevant for practitioners. Social work, with its ecological perspective, is well suited to address the complexities of conflicting interests and objectives that have arisen in mental health care in the pursuit of community integration. Suggestions for fruitful responses are presented.     

城市基层治理的社企融合策略研究

社企混合型社区的存在,是中国城市基层社会从单位型向社区型转型过程中的普遍现象;两种治理体制的并存和冲突,是中国城市基层治理的一大特色,也是导致基层社会治理困境的主要根源。化解这一困境并推进城市基层社区的共建、共治和共享,关键在于从创新基层党建工作出发,促进社区与企业在社区管理服务上的内在联动,并通过机制创新、技术创新、组织创新、文化创新等举措,实现社企在社区治理上的全方位、深度化融合。     

芳村桂城片区同城条件最好

一、芳村桂城片区现状概述 早在去年,广佛两地就已经划定了划定了五沙、新客站、芳村桂城、金沙洲、花都空港这五个同城化重点区域.在这五个同城化重点区域中,芳村桂城片区尤其引人关注,该片区不仅仅是广佛地域空间的几何中心,也是广佛同城化的中央地区,更是沟通广佛地区的主要交通枢纽,以及广佛互动的现代服务业集聚区.     

社会经济变迁视野中的青年发展

青年的发展与社会经济的发展始终有着千丝万缕的联系。经济的发展不仅催生了青年的概念,促使了青年的社会流动,而且青年的价值观念、行为方式无不打上一个时代社会经济发展的烙印。处在社会转型期的当代中国青年,既享受着经济高速发展带来的机遇,又面临着诸多的问题和困惑。