无偏灰色Verhulst直接建模模型及其优化

针对本身已经具有饱和状态过程且近似满足Logistic函数形式的原始序列,提出通过对其进行倒数生成,建立无偏灰色Verhulst直接建模模型,并在此基础上将同时优化背景值和灰导数与利用"最小一乘法"确定响应系数的方法相结合,从而建立了优化的无偏灰色Verhulst直接建模模型。结果表明,该模型对满足Logistic函数形式的曲线进行模拟和预测具有完全重合性。通过实例分析说明了优化的新模型的可行性和有效性。     

求解灰色Verhulst模型参数的新方法

将传统"通过代入初始条件x(1)(k1)=x(1)(k1)=x(0)(k1)整理解得α和β"的方法改进为"通过灰色微分方程αea(ki-k1)+β=1/x(1)(ki),再次利用最小二乘法确定α和β"的新方法,对灰色Verhulst模型的参数求解方法进行改进。研究结果表明:新方法的灰色Verhulst模型建模不仅模拟效果较好,而且适用于等间距和非等间距,并通过等间距与非等间距的实例,与传统模型及近期一些优化模型对比分析,说明了新方法的可行性和优越性。     

基于神经网络灰色Verhulst算法的CPI预测模型

为了提高居民消费价格指数的预测精度,对于呈近似S形的CPI时间序列,利用灰色Verhulst模型对其预测.构造基于时间序列的人工神经网络输入输出模式,利用BP神经网络对原始数据与灰色verhulst预测值的残差进行训练.仿真实例表明,该组合算法预测结果比单纯使用GM(1,1)模型、灰色Verhulst模型和文献[1]的总体误差要小,将神经网络引入到灰色Verhudst模型中能较好地提高预测精度.     

灰色GM(1,1)模型新的改进方法

为了提高灰色GM(1,1)模型的模拟及预测精度,文章考虑对模型的初始条件x(1)(n)增加扰动因素β,把x(1)(n) β作为模型的新初始条件,并对模型的背景值进行优化,从而得到了一种改进的GM(1,1)模型。文章还通过实例验证了新建模型比原有模型具有更好的模拟及预测精度。     

灰色预测在股票价格预测中的应用

一、灰色模型简介灰色模型(Grey Model)是灰色系统理论的核心和基础,简称GM模型。(一)预测模型:步骤一:获取原始数据序列:x(0)=(x(0)(1),x(0)(2),x(0)(3),…,x(0)(n))步骤二:对原始数据序列作一次累加(1-AGO)生成新的数据序列:x(1)=(x(0)(1),x(0)(1) x(0)(2),…,x(0)(1) x(0)(2     

灰色GM（1，1）模型中参数估计的几种方法比较

文章介绍了灰色GM（1,1）模型中参数估计的最小二乘准则、全最小二乘准则、最小一乘准则和折扣最小一乘准则,并指出了它们的优缺点。将这四种方法分别用于递增序列、递减序列、振荡序列的灰色GM（1,1）模型参数估计中,并通过优化软件LINGO计算出相应的参数。最后,对建立的灰色GM（1,1）模型的精度进行了比较,结果显示：最小一乘准则和折扣最小一乘准则模型参数估计明显优于最小二乘准则、全最小二乘准则模型参数估计。     

基于Cramer法则的区间灰数预测模型参数优化方法研究

以改善区间灰数预测模型的模拟及预测性能为目的,对区间灰数预测模型的参数优化方法进行研究,应用Cramer法则推导了核序列GM(1,1)模型通用形式的参数无偏估计新方法,从理论上证明了新方法对非齐次指数"核"序列的模拟无偏性,并在此基础上构建了一种新的区间灰数预测模型;通过与优化前的区间灰数预测模型模拟精度进行比较,结果表明新模型具有更为优秀的模拟及预测性能。此研究成果对丰富和完善灰色预测模型方法体系与拓展灰色模型应用范围,具有积极意义。     

灰色Verhulst模型的灰导数改进研究

针对灰色Verhulst模型灰导数白化的问题,以白化微分方程为基础,运用梯形公式来白化灰导数,推导得到一种新的Verhulst模型定义式。该方法使得差分方程的参数与其在微分方程中对应的参数具有更好的一致性。实例分析表明改进的灰色Verhulst模型具有更高的预测和模拟精度。     

灰色GM（1,1）模型的变换技术

本文给出了灰色GM（1，1）模型的变换技术，即实施数据变换，对单调递增序列进行对数变换，对单调递减序列进行倒数变换和反向变换；对灰色模型中导数采用多点数值微分计算公式：导出灰色模型估计参数。这些变换技术都显著提高模型拟合精度。最后给出灰色建模应用实例。     

对灰色预测模型残差问题的探讨

对利用原始经济序列x0建立的灰色预测模型检验不合格或精度不理想时,要对建立的模型进行残差修正(建立修正模型),以提高模型的预测精度。在对以往的残差模型进行残差检验时常用△(1)=x1-■1衡量,笔者认为利用灰色模型实际预测的是■0的大小,因此对模型进行检验时需用△(0)=x0-■0衡量。本文以灰色预测模型中的GM(1,1)模型为例,对两种残差检验的衡量方法进行了比较分析,并提出了改进灰色预测模型的方法与建议。     

无偏GM（1,1）幂模型及其应用

针对GM（1,1）幂模型灰微分方程与白化方程无法匹配的缺陷,以灰微分方程的重构为基础,建立无偏GM（1,1）幂模型。该方法使得差分方程的参数与其在微分方程中对应的参数具有更好的一致性。将无偏GM（1,1）幂模型应用到旅游客源预测中,实例应用结果显示无偏GM（1,1）幂模型预测精度高于GM（1,1）模型。     

Efficiency of two classes of stochastic restricted almost unbiased type principal component estimators in linear regression model

In this paper, we introduce two new classes of estimators called the stochastic restricted almost unbiased ridge-type principal component estimator (SRAURPCE) and the stochastic restricted almost unbiased Liu-type principal component estimator (SRAURPCE) to overcome the well-known multicollinearity problem in linear regression model. For the two cases when the restrictions are true and not true, necessary and sufficient conditions for the superiority of the proposed estimators are derived and compared, respectively. Furthermore, a Monte Carlo simulation study and a numerical example are given to illustrate the performance of the proposed estimators.     

Characterization of an optimal matrix estimator under convex loss function

Characterization of an optimal vector estimator and an optimal matrix estimator are obtained. In each case appropriate convex loss functions are considered. The results are illustrated through the problems of simultaneous unbiased estimation, simultaneous equivariant estimation and simultaneous unbiased prediction. Further an optimality criterion is proposed for matrix unbiased estimation and it is shown that the matrix unbiased estimation of a matrix parametric function and the minimum variance unbiased estimation of its components are equivalent.     

Selection of the splined variables and convergence rates in a partial spline model

A method based on the principle of unbiased risk estimation is used to select the splined variables in an exploratory partial spline model proposed by Wahba (1985). The probability of correct selection based on the proposed procedure is discussed under regularity conditions. Furthermore, the resulting estimate of the regression function achieves the optimal rates of convergence over a general class of smooth regression functions (Stone 1982) when its underlying smoothness condition is not known.     

Simple least squares estimation versus best linear unbiased prediction

Necessary and sufficient conditions are developed for the simple least squares estimator to coincide with the best linear unbiased predictor. The conditions obtained are valid for a general linear model and are generalizations of the condition given by Watson (1972). Also, as a preliminary result, a new representation of the best linear unbiased predictor is established.     

On equality of ordinary least squares estimator,best linear unbiased estimator and best linear unbiased predictor in the general linear model

The equality of ordinary least squares estimator (OLSE), best linear unbiased estimator (BLUE) and best linear unbiased predictor (BLUP) in the general linear model with new observations is investigated through matrix rank method, some new necessary and sufficient conditions are given.     

A note on optimal vector unbiased predictor

A characterization of optimal vector unbiased predictor is obtained. Some properties of optimal unbiased predictors are established. It is shown that simultaneous prediction of future random variables is equivalent to marginal prediction of these random variables. Following Kale and Chandrasekar (1983) and Chandrasekar (1984), it is shown that the criteria proposed by ishii (1969) based on matrices and the one proposed by Bibby and Toutenburg (1977) based on quadratic loss in the class of vector unbiased predictors are equivalent. The above approach is illustrated with some examples.     

On the restricted almost unbiased estimators in linear regression

In this paper, the restricted almost unbiased ridge regression estimator and restricted almost unbiased Liu estimator are introduced for the vector of parameters in a multiple linear regression model with linear restrictions. The bias, variance matrices and mean square error (MSE) of the proposed estimators are derived and compared. It is shown that the proposed estimators will have smaller quadratic bias but larger variance than the corresponding competitors in literatures. However, they will respectively outperform the latter according to the MSE criterion under certain conditions. Finally, a simulation study and a numerical example are given to illustrate some of the theoretical results.