共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Todd L. Goodsell Matthew Colling Ralph B. Brown J Lynn England 《The American Sociologist》2011,42(4):277-287
Charles Sanders Peirce proposed a semiotic that directed attention to the person or people who are providing interpretation,
making place for the social and cultural. Following Peirce, we consider the meanings and consequences the term “community”
has in an international context. We argue that English affords a richer set of meanings to community, which was not paralleled
in the languages of Southeast Asia. The encounter between English and Southeast Asian languages has lexical consequences,
but more momentous are the cultural changes they index. In Southeast Asian cultures, there is less need for “community” to
take on broader meanings, since those cultures assume social relationality. Thus, the spread of English “community” could
be associated with a rise of individualism in these other cultures, but it could also impoverish the Anglophone West, which
would be denied alternative frameworks in which associational and affective meanings of community are unnecessary. 相似文献
2.
Many sociologists have suggested that the dominant paradigm in sociology ignores the environment, which accounts for the fact
that environmental sociology is poorly represented in sociology’s mainstream journals. The purpose of this article is to test
this assumption empirically by examining the coverage of environmental sociology in nine mainstream sociology journals from
1969 through 1994. The nine journals are separated into two tiers, representing higher and lower prestige journals. Each environmental
article is categorized by its area (attitudes and behaviors, environmental movement, political economy, risk, and “new human
ecology”) and whether it involves “sociology of the environmental issues” (the application of standard sociological perspectives
to environmental issues) or “core environmental sociology” (the examination of societal-environmental relationships). We find
that less than two percent of all articles published in the sampled journals in the twenty-five-year period of study were
environmental, and that the higher tier journals were less likely to publish environmental articles than were the lower tier
journals. Environmental articles were more likely to be part of “core environmental sociology” after 1981 than they were “sociology
of the environmental issues,” which suggests a greater recognition among both environmental sociologists and journal reviewers
that human societies are ecosystem-dependent. The number of environmental articles increased in the 1990s, portending a fruitful
period for sociologists specializing on the environment. We argue that the broader field of sociology can benefit by recognizing
the linkages environmental sociology has to other sociological specializations and that, ultimately, sociology needs to be
able to address environmental variables in order to understand society.
Naomi T. Krogman’s primary interest is in stakeholder framing of environmental disputes and natural resource policy change.
She is currently a research sociologist at the Center for Socioeconomic Research at the University of Southwestern Louisiana
and adjunct faculty in the Department of Sociology, University of Southwestern Louisiana, Lafayette, LA 70504-0198.
JoAnne DeRouen Darlington is a research sociologist focusing on social change and community sustainability emerging from the
disastrous interactions between society and the environment. She is currently employed with the Natural Hazards Research Center,
Campus Box 482, Boulder, CO 80309. 相似文献
3.
Jean Proulx Denis Bourque Sébastien Savard 《Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations》2007,18(3):293-307
In this paper, the authors analyze different forms of interface between the government and third sector organizations in Québec.
In order to do so, they studied relationships in eight different fields of activity: homeless youth services, housing for
intellectually deficient people, support organizations for natural caregivers, community leisure centers, community housing
for the elderly, daycare centers, social economy organizations for domestic assistance, and services specializing in employment
for handicapped people. Following a review of international literature on the relationship between the government and the
third sector, the paper analyzes these relationships on the basis of the typology developed by Jennifer M. Coston, which is
adapted to the Québécois context. In the eight activity sectors studied, the authors found the presence of four different
types of interface between the government and the third sector: “subcontracting,” “coexistence,” “supplementarity,” and “co-construction”
relationships.
相似文献
Denis BourqueEmail: |
4.
The “finesse point” introduced here extends the notion of a core; it is a position that minimizes what a candidate needs to
do to counter moves that are made by an opponent. The definition, which is motivated by the “chaos theorem” as well as by
the dynamics of positive and negative political campaigning, is also used to define a “malicious point,” which is an optimal
location from which a candidate can engage in “negative campaigning.” 相似文献
5.
Quality of Web-based Information on Pathological Gambling 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Khazaal Y Chatton A Cochand S Jermann F Osiek C Bondolfi G Zullino D 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2008,24(3):357-366
The present study aims to evaluate the quality of web-based information on gambling and to investigate potential content quality
indicators. The following key words: gambling, pathological gambling, excessive gambling, gambling problem and gambling addiction
were entered into two popular search engines: Google and Yahoo. Websites were assessed with a standardized proforma designed
to rate sites on the basis of “accountability”, “presentation”, “interactivity”, “readability” and “content quality”. “Health
on the Net” (HON) quality label, and DISCERN scale scores aiding people without content expertise to assess quality of written
health publication were used to verify their efficiency as quality indicators. Of the 200 links identified, 75 websites were
included. The results of the study indicate low scores on each of the measures. A composite global score appeared as a good
content quality indicator. While gambling-related education websites for patients are common, their global quality is poor.
There is a need for useful evidence-based information about gambling on the web. As the phenomenon has greatly increased,
it could be relevant for Internet sites to improve their content by using global score as a quality indicator. 相似文献
6.
Westermeyer J Canive J Thuras P Thompson J Kim SW Crosby RD Garrard J 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2008,24(2):193-205
Goal This analysis was undertaken to assess the demographic and mental health characteristics of “normal” or non-problem gamblers
versus non-gamblers in a representative community sample. Sample Study participants consisted of 557 North Central American Indian veterans. Data collection included a demographic and trauma questionnaire, a computer-based Diagnostic Interview Schedule for DSM-III-R, and a treatment
history algorithm. Findings Univariate analyses revealed that gamblers had greater social competence (i.e., higher education, living with a spouse) and
higher lifetime psychiatric morbidity. Binary regression analysis revealed that, compared to non-gamblers, gamblers were older,
more highly educated, and more apt to be married. More gamblers showed evidence for lifetime risk-taking as evidenced by Antisocial
Personality Disorder and Tobacco Dependence. Conclusions Social achievement and disposable income function as prerequisites for “normal” gambling in this population, although “externalizing”
or “risk-taking” disorders also serve as independent contributors to at least some gambling. The increased rate of “internalizing”
or emotional disorders are only indirectly related to gambling, perhaps through increasing age or through the “externalizing”
disorders. 相似文献
7.
This article examines surveillance techniques utilized by several metropolitan community colleges to manage part-time faculty.
We find that with the increased use of part-time faculty, administrators at these organizations are relying less on direct,
personal supervision of these instructors and are instead using more “remote” surveillance practices to certify that “acceptable
educational standards” are being maintained. The use of these practices not only signals a decline in the professional status
of college instructors, but also points to differences in social control techniques used in “productive” institutions versus
those used in “disciplinary” institutions. We find that while surveillance techniques employed at these community colleges
make the education process visible and controllable, they simultaneously render part-time faculty invisible but controlled. 相似文献
8.
Nancy A. Naples 《Qualitative sociology》1996,19(1):83-106
This article draws upon findings from an ethnographic study of two towns in rural Iowa to examine the adequacy of the insider/outsider
distinction as a guideline for evaluating and conducting ethnographic research. Utilizing feminist standpoint and materialist
feminist theories, I start with the assumption that, rather than one “insider” or “outsider” position, we all begin our work
with different relationships to shifting aspects of social life and to particular knowers in the community and this contributes
to numerous dimensions through which we can relate to residents in various communities. “Outsiderness” and “insiderness” are
not fixed or static positions, rather they are ever-shifting and permeable social locations illustrated in this case study
by the “outsider phenomenon.” Community processes that reorganize and resituate race-ethnicity, gender and class relations
form some of the most salient aspects of the “outsider phenomenon.” These dynamic processes shaped our relationships with
residents as ethnographic identities were repositioned by shifts in constructions of “community” that accompanied ongoing
social, demographic, and political changes. 相似文献
9.
John J. Macionis 《Qualitative sociology》1978,1(2):130-143
Community theory, at present, gives little importance to communal character in modern urban settings. This “search for community”
results from continually conceptualizing community rigidly in terms of the traditional social forms of kinship and rooted
neighborhood. Recent interest in social networks has revealed that individuals characterized by mobility and high achievement
may not participate in traditional community, but rather in primary friendship networks based upon other variables such as
affectivity. A comparative analysis of such networks and traditional community is presented. The primary friendship network
while containinggesellschaft characteristics is community-like. Community theory, therefore, must consider manifold forms of primary association to gain
a fuller understanding of the communal elements present in modern urban society.
This is a revision of an earlier paper entitled “Evolving Community, Friendship and Communion: Some Conceptual Notes” presented
at the Annual Meeting of the American Sociological Association, August, 1976. I wish to acknowledge the contribution of several
persons to the development of this paper. T. Dunbar Moodie, Judith-Maria Buechler, L. C. Young, James L. Spates, Lynn E. Crevling,
and especially Jack Dash Harris have provided challenging, and therefore valuable, criticism. 相似文献
10.
Natalie Boero 《Qualitative sociology》2007,30(1):41-60
In the last twenty years scientific, medical, and public health interest in obesity has skyrocketed. Increasingly the term
“epidemic” is being used in the media, medical journals, and public health policy literature to describe the current prevalence
of fatness in the U.S. Using social scientific literature on epidemics, social problems, and feminist theories of the body,
this paper traces the historical emergence of the “obesity epidemic” through an analysis of 751 articles on obesity published
in The New York Times between 1990 and 2001. Through the identification and analysis of three discursive pairings I argue that the “obesity epidemic”
is a part of a new breed of what I call “post-modern epidemics,” epidemics in which unevenly medicalized phenomena lacking
a clear pathological basis get cast in the language and moral panic of “traditional” epidemics. I show how this moral panic
together with the location of the problem within the individual precludes a more macro level approach to health and health
care delivery at a time when health care services are being dismantled or severely cut back.
相似文献
Natalie BoeroEmail: |
11.
Margarethe Kusenbach 《Qualitative sociology》2009,32(4):399-428
This paper is based on 45 ethnographic interviews conducted with residents of mobile home communities in West Central Florida
between 2005 and 2008. It investigates their strategies of managing the stigma that is commonly associated with living in
a mobile home. Informants routinely encounter negative stereotypes regarding their “trailer” home, community, and lifestyle
in public discourse and personal interactions, and consequently have developed ways of salvaging their decency. My analysis
of these strategies particularly emphasizes two versions of distancing, here called “bordering” and “fencing,” as examples
of symbolic boundary work. Other techniques discussed include ignoring, passing, humoring, resisting, normalizing, upstaging,
and blaming. Throughout the paper, I argue that mobile home residents’ ways of salvaging decency are both similar and different
compared to how other disparaged groups deal with stigmatization. The conclusion discusses broader sociological implications
of the research in enhancing our understanding of the experience of stigmatization, folk conceptions of decency, symbolic
and social differentiation, as well as race and class dynamics. 相似文献
12.
Using a 'domains' approach to build community empowerment 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper provides two case study examples of how communityempowerment can be better conceptualized, planned and appliedwithin a programme context by using a domainsapproach. What is new about this approach is that it does notstart with a blank slate onto which participants inscribe theirown problems or needs but provides a predetermined focus througheach of nine empowerment domains: Improves participation;Develops local leadership; Increases problem assessment capacities;Enhances the ability to ask why; Builds empoweringorganizational structures; Improves resource mobilization; Strengthenslinks to other organizations and people; Creates an equitablerelationship with outside agents; and Increases control overprogramme management. The importance to community developmentpractice is that the approach provides a more systematic meansfor community empowerment in a programme context. 相似文献
13.
Christena Nippert-Eng 《Sociological Forum》1996,11(3):563-582
This article presents a discussion of the relationship between classification systems and individuals' everyday activities.
The concept of “boundary work” is defined as the practices that concretize and give meaning to mental frameworks by placing,
maintaining, and challenging cultural categories. “Home” and “work” provide a case study for examining boundary work across
a range of realm relationships, from those that are highly “integrating” to those that are highly “segmenting.” Boundary practices
involving calendars and keys, clothes and appearances, eating and drinking, money, people and their representations (like
photographs and gifts), talk styles and conversations, reading materials and habits, and work breaks (including lunches and
vacations) are discussed. Mary Douglas's work on categorical purity helps illustrate the relationship between cognitive order
and visible behavior seen in the boundary work of home and work.
This article includes material that was published in a larger study,Home and Work: Negotiating Boundaries Through Everyday Life (1996 University of Chicago Press), after it was presented at the 1995 Eastern Sociological Society meetings in Philadelphia. 相似文献
14.
Keith R. Brown 《Qualitative sociology》2011,34(1):121-141
Markets for “socially responsible” products are comprised of activists who lead protests, organize boycotts, and promote the
consumption of these goods. However, the ultimate success of these movements is dependent upon the support of a large number
of consumers whose self-professed values often contradict with their own purchasing patterns. Consumer support of socially
responsible products cannot be explained by consumer culture theories, which privilege identity, attitudes, and behavior, or mass consumption theories, which emphasize location and advertising’s influence on consumption patterns. These perspectives are informative
but unable to explain why some consumers will only buy socially responsible products while others with similar value systems
possess much more contradictory consumption patterns. I extend Collin’s theory of “Interaction Ritual chains” to show that
rituals and emotions—more than identity or coercive advertising—explain how ethical consumers are mobilized. I show how face-to-face
interactions between consumers and producers produce solidarity and motivate support for the Fair Trade movement. This paper
employs a micro-sociological approach to contribute to studies of ethical consumption in three notable ways: 1) it emphasizes
the importance of “contexts” and is able to explain contradictions in consumer behavior; 2), it contributes to our understanding
of “brand communities” by describing the micro-sociological processes that both help to build these communities and create
value within the products that organize these groups; and 3) it offers the potential to develop a predictive model for the
purchasing patterns of consumers. 相似文献
15.
The initial growth of the graduate program in sociology at Kent State University was dominated by the interests, academic
training and career goals of particular people who participated in it. Moreover, in 1939, when the program was initiated,
its growth closely mirrored the principal concerns of the discipline. Today the program is responsive less to the discipline
or particular faculty, and more to political, economic and demographic factors. As a state-funded institution, this university
and graduate program are more likely to react to state needs and those of its other public, the students.
Her interests include professional socialization and organizational change, particular in the field of health care.
His most recent work is research on “belief in a just world” and in the social psychological aspects of gender roles. 相似文献
16.
Modernization theory posits a change from traditional or “collective” forms to modern or “reflective” forms of volunteering.
In a research project using a combined qualitative–quantitative approach, the motivation of 118 young Swiss adults who showed
an interest in international volunteering was investigated. Qualitative analysis revealed 12 different motives which could
be categorized into three different groups: A first group called “Achieving something positive for others,” a second group
named “Quest for the new,” and a third group of motives labeled “Quest for oneself.” Motivations of young Swiss adults for
international volunteering clearly show the characteristics of “reflexive” volunteers. Most respondents displayed a combination
of motives while for only 11% of them altruism (“Achieving something positive for others”) was the one and only driving force
behind their interest in international volunteering. The inductively constructed typology of motives can be a useful planning
device for organizations that run or intend to set up an international volunteering program for young adults. 相似文献
17.
We introduce the following basic voting method: voters submit both a “consensus” and a “fall-back” ballot. If all “consensus”
ballots name the same option, it wins; otherwise, a randomly drawn “fall-back” ballot decides. If there is one potential consensus
option that everyone prefers to the benchmark lottery which picks the favorite of a randomly drawn voter, then naming that
option on all “consensus” ballots builds a very strong form of correlated equilibrium. Unlike common consensus procedures,
ours is not biased toward the status quo and removes incentives to block consensus. Variants of the method allow for large
groups, partial consensus, and choosing from several potential consensus options. 相似文献
18.
《Journal of Social Work Practice》2012,26(2):157-162
Abstract This paper examines the relationship between empowerment philosophy and psychodynamic principles and practices, as it applies to community mental health work. It suggests that as empowerment philosophy is more a system of values than a model of mental health and illness, it cannot in itself act as a framework for understanding and working with disturbed people. I suggest ways of disentangling the often fraught relationship between the two frameworks by identifying the contribution I see each as able to make to the task of providing services which sustain people in the community, and attempt to articulate the elements of a practice model consistent with both sets of principles. 相似文献
19.
Francesca M. Cancian 《The American Sociologist》1993,24(1):92-106
The article compares participatory research and alternative activist approaches, based on the literature on participatory
research and interviews with nine successful sociologists who use alternative approaches. Participatory research, distinguished
by high control over research by community members, equalizes power within the research process, but often retards academic
publication and career advancement. The interviews show that successful academics retain control over their research, experience
mild to severe conflicts with departments, and develop various strategies for combining activism and career success. All types
of activist research are more effective in challenging inequality if they involve activist community organizations.
Her research has focused on family, gender, and feminist and participatory methods. Recent publications includeLove in America, “Feminist Science,” and “Participatory Research” with Cathleen Armstead. Her current participatory research project explores
“Family and Community Caring” in a Mexican-American community. Address for correspondence: Francesca M. Cancian, University
of CA, Dept. of Sociology, Irvine, CA 92717. 相似文献