商标许可终止后的商誉分配综述

2012年的"王老吉"商标权纠纷案引发了学界对于"商标许可终止后的商誉分配"这一问题的激烈讨论,讨论焦点主要集中于商标许可合同终止后,"知名商品的特有包装、装潢"所负载的商誉如何分配;被许可使用商标所负载的商誉如何分配;商誉移植是否属于不正当竞争行为等方面。对这些问题进行综述之后,发现仅从商标制度或商标与商誉的关系角度研究还不够,还需要进一步从商誉权制度建设方面予以反思。     

欧美对于拒绝知识产权许可的反垄断审查标准及其对我国的启示

反垄断法与知识产权法的冲突通常体现在对于一个知识产权所有者拒绝许可竞争者使用行为的认定.美国和欧盟都对这个问题进行了反复的探讨,研究欧美最新的观点与判例,对于我国反垄断法的立法与实践具有很大的启迪意义.美国与欧盟对于知识产权许可上的分歧态度,源于其不同的政策目标.从我国的国情来看,采用接近欧盟的做法可能更为适合.对于拒绝许可是否构成滥用知识产权的垄断行为,可以用知识产权法中的合理使用原则进行审查,而不再需要额外的反垄断审查.但是,当知识产权人试图利用排他权将垄断地位扩展到一个知识产权所保护的产品以外的市场时,应当允许参照"必要设施"理论进行反垄断审查,因为这已经超越了知识产权法所保护的范围.     

标准必要专利中的信息披露义务与救济——《专利法修订草案(送审稿)》第85条之完善

《专利法修订草案(送审稿)》第85条规定了标准必要专利之默示许可制度,该制度是对专利权人和标准实施者之间的利益进行平衡,以促进先进技术的推广应用。标准必要专利默示许可以违反披露义务为前提,送审稿应当明确规定参与标准制定的专利权人的信息披露义务,违反披露义务的视为许可标准的实施人使用该专利。送审稿对标准的范围规定得过窄,应当对国家标准、行业标准和地方标准进行统一规范。许可费的协商标准应当遵循国际通行的"公平、合理、无歧视原则",该原则可以由标准化组织要求参与制定标准的专利权人作出承诺的方式进行行业规范。     

日本与德国交叉持股模式的演变及其影响

日本和德国的交叉持股在长期实践中形成了各自的特色,并对本国的宏观经济、资本市场、公司治理等方面产生影响。比较分析发现,日本和德国交叉持股的演变历程相似,都对经济增长产生了正面影响。但两国的交叉持股对资本市场和公司治理的影响截然不同,日本的交叉持股模式推动了资本市场的泡沫膨胀,扭曲了其传统的公司治理机制,而德国的交叉持股模式稳定了资本市场价格,完善了其共同治理机制。作为一种隐性制度安排,交叉持股具有存在的合理性。     

细化实施办法 下放审批权限——解读《内蒙古自治区养老机构设立许可与管理办法》

正【政策内容】《内蒙古自治区养老机构设立许可与管理办法》共四十五条,分为总则、设立许可条件和权限、设立许可与程序、许可管理、服务和管理、监督检查、法律责任和附则八章。第一章规定了立法目的、适用范围、养老机构的定义及其管理部门,以及实施设立许可应遵循的基本原则;第二章规定了养老机构     

数字产业适用法定许可制度之探究

数字产业的发展遭遇"海量授权"瓶颈,为了有效降低交易成本,减少著作权纠纷,有观点提出将法定许可制度在数字产业中予以适用。文章针对此种观点进行剖析,立足于我国数字产业的发展实际,着眼于法定许可制度的本质,认为采用法定许可制度来解决数字版权的授权问题需慎行。     

对边防检查机关查验前往国入境许可的讨论

本文针对我国边检机关查验前往国入境许可的质疑,在系统阐释查验前往国入境许可合法性和合理性的基础上,结合我国出入境管理法系统修改的背景,从立法和执法层面提出了完善的建议。     

论计算机软件的大众市场许可——以美国《统一计算机信息交易法》为中心

计算机软件产业的飞速发展使得采涉及出版商、经销商和最终用户三方当事人及两份合同的交易方式成为惯例。美国《统一计算机信息交易法》首创“大众市场许可”的概念,对以上三方当事人及两种关系进行规范,限制事后条款的效力,以平衡各方的利益,为建立信息时代的合同法规则作出了富有成效的努力。虽然目前《统一计算机信息交易法》在美国遇到一些困难,但仍值得我们研究和借鉴。     

行政许可审查基准理论初探——以国内航线经营许可领域为例证

审查基准是与行政许可活动有关的一种裁量基准.本文以国内航线经营许可审查基准为例证,指出行政许可机关和咨询委员会都有审查基准制定权,审查基准必须公布.行政机关应以行政许可实践为基础来制定审查基准,应尽可能使许可基准趋于具体化,可以根据社会发展的状况,对许可基准内容进行适当的变更.在特定情况下,应允许许可机关偏离审查基准对个案进行考量,这体现的是"特殊情况应当特殊对待".     

体育赛事网络盗链的法律属性辨析

体育赛事转播权蕴含着极大的经济利益,未经权利人的许可,网络视频播放网站盗链体育赛事的信号构成网络盗链。从目前的法律规定,体育赛事的网络盗链不是法定许可,也不符合合理使用。网络盗链平台通过避风港规则试图面免除责任,但其要承担举证不能的不利后果。     

Exploring the Bidirectionality of Emotion Understanding and Classroom Behavior with Spanish‐ and English‐speaking Preschoolers Attending Head Start

The present study investigated time‐dependent relationships between emotion understanding and the behavioral adjustment of preschoolers over a single school year using a latent variable structural equation modeling framework. Teacher reports of child behavior (hyperactivity, emotion symptoms, conduct problems, peer problems, and prosocial behavior) and performance assessments of emotion understanding were obtained twice at a 6‐month interval for a sample of 281 preschoolers (159 boys and 122 girls, with mean age = 52.40 months) from English‐ (N = 158) and Spanish‐speaking (N = 123) backgrounds. Emotion understanding and behavior were stable over time, and cross‐sectional associations between them were in expected directions. Cross‐lagged paths revealed that the behavior variables significantly associated with emotion understanding across time were hyperactivity, emotion symptoms, and peer problems, and that behavior variables were generally better predictors of emotion understanding than vice versa. Differences across gender and language groups suggest a stronger and more complex bidirectional relationship between emotion understanding and behavior for girls and for Spanish‐speaking children compared wth boys and English‐speaking children. Results are discussed with respect to the value of exploring cross‐lagged relationships and the potential importance of gender and culture as determinants of those relationships.     

Societal shifts and changed patterns of poverty

Fritzell J, Ritakallio VM. Societal shifts and changed patterns of poverty Int J Soc Welfare 2010: ??: ??–??© 2010 The Author(s), Journal compilation © 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd and International Journal of Social Welfare. This article uses data from the Luxembourg Income Study to analyse cross‐national and cross‐temporal poverty risks in 11 Western countries. We show that poverty risks have tended to increase from the early 1980s to 2000. In line with what we would expect based on the welfare state literature, the Nordic countries tend to have the lowest poverty rates. However, the proportion of the national population with a market income below the poverty threshold has increased in all countries and the cross‐national variation in market income poverty is not apparently related to the type of welfare state regime. We perform a simulation analysis to test whether structural factors, that is, compositional differences in age, family and labour market behaviour, could account for the cross‐national variation found. Our results demonstrate the increasing importance of household labour market attachment for alleviating poverty risks, as well as for explaining the cross‐national variation in these risks.     

Commuting assignments in mainland China: cost and benefits of cross‐border work arrangements

With the close economic relationship between Hong Kong and the Mainland, work‐related commuting across the border is emerging as a common work/family arrangement in Hong Kong. To examine the costs and benefits of this at the individual and family levels, a cross‐sectional survey with quota sampling was conducted. The target group of the survey was couples with one spouse working across the border and their children between the ages of 8–17, if there were any. A resilience perspective was adopted to address both the positive and negative impacts of the work arrangement on family relationships.

Findings of the survey indicate that disruption in the fulfillment of parental obligations is the most significant cost of the cross border work arrangement. Fathers are more likely to be marginalized in their parental role due to their higher frequency of travel and limited contacts with the children. For mothers with children at dependent age, limitations in parental involvement due to the work arrangement bring a strong sense of guilt. Work‐family conflict significantly intensified their intention to end the cross‐border work. On the other hand, the results indicate that commuting assignments can be stimulating and enriching to a marriage. To maximize the benefits of the cross‐border work arrangement and minimize its negative impacts, family‐friendly work policies and a family‐friendly work schedule are strongly recommended. Successful coping strategies and the necessary resources for the successful adjustment should be further examined.

随着香港与内地密切的经济关系，与跨境工作有关的工作/家庭安排正成为一个在香港常见的现象。为了研究这种安排在个人和家庭层面上的成本效益，作者进行了一个具有代表性的配额抽样调查。调查的对象是其中一方需跨境工作的夫妇；以及如他们有子女的话，子女的年龄必须介乎8至17岁之间。本研究同时处理跨境工作安排对家庭关系的正面和负面影响。

调查结果发现，未能履行父母的义务是跨境工作安排最大的成本。由于频密的跨境工干和跟子女的接触有限，父亲更容易被排斥于其父亲的角色以外。由于跨境工作的安排以致未能与仍然是依赖年龄的子女有更多的联系，也为母亲带来强烈的罪疚感。工作与家庭的冲突大大增加了他们结束跨境工作的意愿。另一方面，研究发现这种工作安排可以刺激和丰富婚姻。为了发挥跨境工作安排最大的好处，并尽量减少其负面影响，作者强烈建议有利雇员发展家庭生活的工作安排。有效的的应对战略和所须的资源则需要进一步的研究。     

Do public pensions matter for health and wellbeing among retired persons? Basic and income security pensions across 13 Western European countries

Esser I, Palme J. Do public pensions matter for health and wellbeing among retired persons? Basic and income security pensions across 13 Western European countries Int J Soc Welfare 2010: ??: ??–??© 2010 The Author(s), Journal compilation © 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd and International Journal of Social Welfare. Mortality rates suggest that elderly people in the advanced welfare democracies have experienced dramatically improved health over the past decades. This study examined the importance of public pensions for self‐reported health and wellbeing among retired persons in 13 Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development countries in 2002–2005. New public pension data make it possible to distinguish between two qualities of pension systems: ‘basic security’ for those who have no or a short work history, and ‘income security’ for those with a more extensive contribution record. For enhanced cross‐national comparison, relative measures of ill‐health and wellbeing were constructed to account for cultural bias in responses to survey questions and heterogeneity among countries in the general level of population health. Overall, better health is found in countries with more generous pensions, although the results are gendered; for women's health, high basic security of the pension system appears to be particularly important. Women's wellbeing also tends to be more dependent on the quality of basic security.     

跨文化戏剧的创意实践——现代舞剧《海伦之梦》的启示

由中美艺术家联合排演制作的现代舞剧《海伦之梦》,是当代中国跨文化戏剧一次有益的艺术和产业实践.作品突破传统经典跨文化戏剧的严肃格调和小众诉求,以抒情、浪漫的气质和大众通俗的形式,紧扣“爱与理解”的主题,采用自由梦幻曲形式和心理蒙太奇结构,大胆增设小红军的虚构形象,巧妙运用中美两国的民间意象元素,富有创意地开拓了跨文化戏剧的艺术领域和产业前景.     

Investigating the association between callous‐unemotional traits with relational bullying and victimization: A cross‐national study

Prior research supports an association between callous‐unemotional (CU) traits with relational bullying, but evidence associating CU traits with relational victimization is limited. Further, the relationship between CU traits with relational “bully,” “bully‐victim,” and “victim” classifications has been largely neglected. The current study addresses these critical gaps in the literature using a cross‐national study design. The sample comprised of 1887 (51.5% of girls) Greek and Cypriot children (MAge = 11.17) who completed a battery of self‐report measures. Group differences suggested that children in the relational bully and bully‐victim groups scored higher on CU traits compared to children in the victim and low‐risk groups. Although these associations were similar across countries, boys in Greece were more likely to be identified in the bullying only group. In contrast, boys in Cyprus represented the higher percentage identified as bully‐victims and girls in Cyprus represented the higher percentage identified as victim‐only. Regression analysis results indicated that CU traits predicted relational bullying but not victimization. Notwithstanding, other important unexamined factors known to contribute to relational bullying and victimization, our findings suggest that prevention efforts should consider CU traits in order to protect youth from relational bullying. However, differences between countries and gender should also be taken into account.     

建设性后现代主义视域下的跨学科研究

从建设性后现代主义立场出发，认真分析现代社会中学科独立界限森严、STEM学科垄断一切、知识分类与标准绝对化等现象的形成原因、局限性及因此而带来的危害性，认为没有一种学科可以垄断一切。为了寻求真正的智慧，为了知识理解本身，为了更好地解决人类与生态福祉等综合性实际问题，我们必须超越传统的学科独立观念，走向现代社会更迫切需要的交叉学科和跨学科思维。     

Why spouses depress each other: A cross‐national study to test the shared resource hypothesis in depressive symptom concordance within older adult couples

The shared resource hypothesis suggests that married couples share the same environmental resources, which shape their health concordance. This study tests its cross‐national applicability. Cross‐sectional 2012–2013 Health and Retirement Study data from China, England, Mexico, and the United States were analyzed. Heterosexual couples (age ≥60) who were married or partnered were studied (N = 20,565 pairs). Dyadic data were analyzed by multilevel models to examine the effect of self and spousal social and physical health statuses on depressive symptoms. Regression models were used to test the relationship between couples' shared resources and depressive symptom concordance. Results indicated both husbands and wives' depressive symptoms were associated with their own and spouses' social and health statuses. Most couple‐level resources were insignificant predictors for Chinese and Mexican couples' concordance, but having more social and financial resources was associated with higher concordance among British and American couples. Self‐reported health was the most consistent predictor in all countries. The shared resource hypothesis was more applicable to depressive symptom concordance within couples in the United States and England, but not in China and Mexico. Couple‐centered intervention is suggested for clinical practice, and the spousal effect should be considered in policymaking.     

Child‐centric or family focused? A study of child welfare workers' perceptions of ethnic minority children in England and Norway

This paper analyses child welfare workers' perceptions of ethnic minority children in England and Norway based on in‐depth interviews with 52 child welfare workers in 2008. We employ a child‐centric theoretical framework to explore up to what extent workers focus on minority children in their perceptions. We found that about half of our study participants (n= 27) did so, and many more in Norway than England. They perceived many risks and problems for minority children related to their ethnicity, including children's biculturalism and language skills, parenting methods, unequal treatment and racism, lack of social inclusion, and problems in school. Norwegian workers displayed a broad needs perception and embraced a change‐orientated perspective and held parents accountable for their children's educational success and social inclusion. English workers had a narrower approach, focusing on protecting children. We discuss how the cross‐country differences may be related to different welfare state and child welfare paradigms.     

Mothers' Socialization of Children's Emotion in India and the USA: A Cross‐ and Within‐culture Comparison

Parent responses to children's emotions vary within and across cultures. The present study compared mothers' reports of their emotional and behavioral responses in hypothetical situations depicting their children experiencing anger, sadness, or physical pain in two communities in India (traditional old city, N = 60; suburban middle class, N = 60), with a suburban middle‐class group in the USA (N = 60). Results showed that mothers in both groups in India reported more explanation‐oriented problem‐focused responses to their children's emotions than US mothers. US mothers reported the most solution‐oriented problem‐focused responses, followed by suburban Indian mothers, followed by old‐city mothers. US mothers reported behaviorally‐oriented punitive responses (i.e., time out, removal of privileges) towards child anger more than the other groups. Suburban Indian mothers reported briefly not talking to the child in response to child anger more than the other groups whereas old‐city Indian mothers reported scolding/spanking more than the other groups.