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西部民族地区是我国的生态屏障,但落后的产业结构、大规模的基础设施建设、国家重点项目的建设等不断给该地区生态环境恶化增量,使西部民族地区难以可持续发展,建构完善的全方位的生态补偿机制迫在眉睫。 相似文献
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民族地区生态补偿机制总体框架设计 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
在借鉴国内外经验的基础上,本文提出了建立民族地区生态补偿机制的总体框架,其中包括了生态补偿的基本要素、管理机制和保障措施三个方面。民族地区生态补偿的基本要素有补偿主体、客体、标准、方式和途径等,它们是整个补偿体系的基础和核心;生态补偿的管理机制包括科学决策机制、综合协调机制、责任追究机制、绩效评估机制和社会参与机制,它们是生态补偿制度能够良好运行的基础;生态补偿的保障措施包括体制保障、政策保障、法制保障、财政保障和意识保障,它们是生态补偿方案能够顺利实施的制度支撑。 相似文献
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我国民族地区从20世纪90年代开始进行大规模的生态建设与生态补偿,取得了显著的成绩.然而,由于政治、经济、社会、法制等多方面的原因,民族地区生态补偿仍存在诸多问题,如:生态补偿的管理体制不合理,部门色彩较重;生态补偿的法律体系不健全,责权利划分不清;生态补偿的政策不完善,全局性规划较少;生态补偿的市场不发达,缺乏有效的监督机制;生态补偿的意识淡薄,公众参与不足等. 相似文献
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民族地区是我国物种资源最富集、生态环境最优美的区域,也是当下生态环境发展最敏感、最脆弱的区域,更是维系和保障整个国家生态安全的要害区域。人与自然是息息相关的生命共同体,人与自然和谐共生是民族地区实现现代化的前提,需要站在人与自然和谐共生的高度谋划民族地区现代化发展路径。民族地区需要构建全方位推进生态保护补偿制度的大格局,构建以共同富裕为本质特征的生态保护补偿制度。要构建和完善民族地区生态环境补偿制度体系,就需要构建以生态保护和环境治理为核心的生态补偿机制体系,构建民族地区横向生态环境补偿机制体系,构建民族地区跨区域横向生态补偿机制体系。要为民族地区生态环境补偿提供司法服务,就需要建立民族地区生态环境预防性机制和公益诉讼前置程序,建立民族地区环境民事公益诉讼和行政公益诉讼制度,构建民族地区生态环境案件刑事民事责任统筹体系。 相似文献
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西藏是我国重要而脆弱的生态区,如何处理生态与经济的关系至关国家生态安全和"美丽中国"的建设,为此西藏明确提出要大力发展生态经济的目标。然而,现阶段的西藏生态经济在内涵和模式上模糊,生态经济还未形成规模。因此必须遵循经济发展规律,循序渐进地发展生态经济,重点发展具备资源(包括自然资源和文化资源)优势、生态优势、科技优势、市场优势、管理优势的产业作为生态经济的主打产业,同时应限制资源消耗量大、技术不成熟、生态破坏严重以及不符合建设美丽西藏目标的产业,逐步发展具有西藏特色的生态经济。 相似文献
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本文受启发于湿地生态补偿标准依据确立要从湿地生态服务效益来确定的解读思路,从机会成本的角度,结合国内学者对我国民族地区湿地生态价值评估的45个文献案例分析,构建了基于湿地生态价值总量、GDP等指标的区域湿地生态补偿标准测算思路与估测模型。以2001—2018年统计数据为例,对我国民族8省区的湿地生态价值及生态补偿标准进行了定量测算。结果表明:第一,从空间分布上来看,单位面积湿地生态价值量呈现由云贵高原地区向青藏高原地区、蒙新高原地区依次递减趋势;湿地生态价值总量呈现由青藏高原地区依次向蒙新高原地区、云贵高原地区依次递减趋势。第二,2001—2018年,广西、贵州、云南、青海、西藏、新疆、内蒙古、宁夏年平均湿地生态补偿标准分别为84.55亿元、24.87亿元、58.39亿元、936.06亿元、810.81亿元、418.65亿元、553.60亿元、23.02亿元。第三,从经济基础、财政条件、制度建设看,青海、西藏有很大困难支付湿地生态补偿标准;新疆、内蒙古、宁夏有条件支付湿地生态补偿标准;广西、贵州、云南有很好条件支付湿地生态补偿标准,为建立以省区为单元的湿地生态补偿机制奠定理论和实践基础... 相似文献
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The ethnic regions of Western Chi ̄na are rich in ecological and cultural tourism re ̄sources. At the same time, the regions are also ec ̄ologically vulnerable areas with large populations of ethnic groups who have lived for a long time in poverty. Based on years’ investigation, it is obvi ̄ous that tourism development, even though it can promote local economic development, has had a significant negative impact on the ecology, envi ̄ronment and local communities. During the 18 th and 17 th National Congresses of the Communist Pary of China, a policy was announced to improve ecological compensation and accelerate the estab ̄lishment of an ecological compensation mecha ̄nism. So far, both government and academia have mainly focused on the effects and necessities of building a mechanism for ecological compensation. Of special concern, even if governments at all lev ̄els sequentially enacted a series of policie with cer ̄tain characteristics of ecological compensation, the public is still questioning the impartiality and legit ̄imacy of the charges of such policy of ecological compensation. Thus, the task of implementing the ecological compensation policy faces many obsta ̄cles. At present, the core research issue on eco ̄logical compensation is no longer just the question of why it should be charged. This question was al ̄ready clearly stated in official documents from cen ̄tral government. Up to now, the core issues that need clarification are:in practice, how the charge be made; what amount of money should be charged;how will the revenue from the charge be used;how will the revenue derived from the charge be audited; and whether or not this charge can help to achieve government objectives in such a way.
Based on the unique background of the ethnic regions of Western China, this paper deeply analy ̄ses issues of implementing policies such as ecologi ̄cal compensation for tourism, including the illegi ̄bility and legitimacy of who should pay, how much should be paid, and how to manage the funds im ̄partially; and providing scientific and reasonable countermeasures to solve these practical problems. Compared with other industries, the tourism indus ̄try became the pioneer for the practice of ecologi ̄cal compensation as well as the research objective of ecological compensation studies. Some research ̄ers defined ecological compensation for tourism as a system of regulating related ecological interests to protect the ecosystems of tourism destinations and promote sustainable development of the tourism in ̄dustry ( Zhang Yiqun, Yang Guihua, 2012 ) . Al ̄though such a definition is still fuzzy, at least it in ̄dicates that the research of ecological compensation for tourism involves interdisciplinary fields inclu ̄ding Economics, Sociology, Ecology and Tourism, etc. Currently, the research of ecological compen ̄sation for tourism has insufficient first hand empiri ̄cal research data. At the same time it has not yet had nationwide impact, either domestically or over ̄seas. The research on implementing policies for the ecological compensation of tourism is at an early stage in China.
Obviously, it is hard to find sufficient re ̄search results or research methods for reference, which brings certain limitations to this paper. To demonstrate the scope of this study, this paper de ̄fined tourism ecological compensation as exploring the feasibility of spending fiscal revenue ( paid by tourism enterprises, tourists or other stakeholders) on protecting natural ecological environment. Based on this definition, this paper generated three actual issues with regard to implementing policies of ecological compensation for tourism, including the vagueness of the charge, the lack of unified, standard levies, and the non-tranparency of fund management. Combined with analyzing the current special background of implementing policies of ec ̄ological compensation for tourism in the ethnic re ̄gions of Western China, and by especially empha ̄sizing the local communities of the ethnic groups who should be compensated, this paper tries to provide scientific and reasonable countermeasures consisting of implementing corresponding national policy, formulating correlated policy in accordance with local conditions and standardizing and institu ̄tionalizing fund management. This paper not only attempts to support strongly implementing policies of ecological compensation for tourism at the insti ̄tutional level, but also to coordinate the contradic ̄tions between tourism development and ecological protection, and local community self - develop ̄ment, hoping to achieve the win-win objectives of promoting an ecological compensation policy for tourism, tourism poverty alleviation and ecological civilization. 相似文献
Based on the unique background of the ethnic regions of Western China, this paper deeply analy ̄ses issues of implementing policies such as ecologi ̄cal compensation for tourism, including the illegi ̄bility and legitimacy of who should pay, how much should be paid, and how to manage the funds im ̄partially; and providing scientific and reasonable countermeasures to solve these practical problems. Compared with other industries, the tourism indus ̄try became the pioneer for the practice of ecologi ̄cal compensation as well as the research objective of ecological compensation studies. Some research ̄ers defined ecological compensation for tourism as a system of regulating related ecological interests to protect the ecosystems of tourism destinations and promote sustainable development of the tourism in ̄dustry ( Zhang Yiqun, Yang Guihua, 2012 ) . Al ̄though such a definition is still fuzzy, at least it in ̄dicates that the research of ecological compensation for tourism involves interdisciplinary fields inclu ̄ding Economics, Sociology, Ecology and Tourism, etc. Currently, the research of ecological compen ̄sation for tourism has insufficient first hand empiri ̄cal research data. At the same time it has not yet had nationwide impact, either domestically or over ̄seas. The research on implementing policies for the ecological compensation of tourism is at an early stage in China.
Obviously, it is hard to find sufficient re ̄search results or research methods for reference, which brings certain limitations to this paper. To demonstrate the scope of this study, this paper de ̄fined tourism ecological compensation as exploring the feasibility of spending fiscal revenue ( paid by tourism enterprises, tourists or other stakeholders) on protecting natural ecological environment. Based on this definition, this paper generated three actual issues with regard to implementing policies of ecological compensation for tourism, including the vagueness of the charge, the lack of unified, standard levies, and the non-tranparency of fund management. Combined with analyzing the current special background of implementing policies of ec ̄ological compensation for tourism in the ethnic re ̄gions of Western China, and by especially empha ̄sizing the local communities of the ethnic groups who should be compensated, this paper tries to provide scientific and reasonable countermeasures consisting of implementing corresponding national policy, formulating correlated policy in accordance with local conditions and standardizing and institu ̄tionalizing fund management. This paper not only attempts to support strongly implementing policies of ecological compensation for tourism at the insti ̄tutional level, but also to coordinate the contradic ̄tions between tourism development and ecological protection, and local community self - develop ̄ment, hoping to achieve the win-win objectives of promoting an ecological compensation policy for tourism, tourism poverty alleviation and ecological civilization. 相似文献
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文章运用文献分析法和规范分析法,探讨了西藏传媒软实力的概念、核心内容及目前西藏传媒软实力存在的主要问题;分析了创新投资机制对做大、做强西藏传媒产业的必要性及提升西藏传媒软实力的意义;提出了以政府投入为导向、以传媒单位投入为主体、以非公有资本投入为重要组成部分、以金融机构投入为补充、以投资准入区别化、投资主体多元化、投资方式多样化、投资机制市场化为特征的西藏传媒产业投资新机制;指出创新产业投资机制,提升西藏传媒软实力的途径:明确国有资本投资范围,转变国有资本投资机制;构造以国有资本为主体的传媒产业投资运营主体;降低准入门槛,鼓励非公有资本进入传媒产业;组建传媒产业基金和创业投资基金;鼓励捐资兴建各类非营利性传媒项目等. 相似文献
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生态教育与西北地区的生态环境 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
文章论述了西北地区生态环境的现状及其根源,揭示了生态教育与地区环境之间的内在作用机制,提出了加强生态教育、深化生态意识,实现西北地区生态环境可持续发展的具体措施。 相似文献
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在20世纪末中国作家群里,鄂温克族作家乌热尔图是比较早地以文学形式关怀人类生态的作家之一,面对日益严重的生态危机,他一直在思考我们人类到底应当怎样对待自然;作为作家和学者,他对所有地球生命感到深深的忧虑。 相似文献
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生态人类学的理论源流及其后现代特征 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
生态人类学是文化人类学的一门新兴的分支学科,已成为西方当代文化人类学的重要流派,并对文化人类学的发展产生了很大影响。生态人类学的不同流派以不同形式反映了“环境决定论”的基本思想,对人类中心主义、科学主义和理性主义等现代性的批判表现出明显的后现代主义思想特征。 相似文献
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自汉晋到清末,彝族都以自己的文字记录着本民族本地区的社会生活,其遗存就是尚存于民间的部分古彝文文献。乌蒙山区的黔西北是我国彝族居住的主要地区之一,也是我国彝族古文献的富集区。彝族古文献中有许多涉及自然生态环境等内容的记述,主要体现为高寒自然地理条件下的生态特征生计方式、生态灾害、生态退化及其应对等多个方面。记述内容丰富,问题深刻,仰赖与保护生态环境的情节、观念及其地方性知识闪耀其间,既是古彝文献的重要价值呈现,也是我国多民族大家庭千百年来人与自然和谐共生思想宝库中的重要组成。对其进行整理与分析,既有助于反思乌蒙山区的生态灾变因由,又有助于提升人们的文化自觉、文化自信意识,并推进民族传统文化的研究向纵深发展,其在促进生态文明建设、实现区域绿色可持续发展实践中的功能价值。 相似文献
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西部地区经济相对滞后 ,却蕴藏着大量的旅游资源。由于青海地区的开发主要以生态建设为支柱 ,因此 ,发展旅游业 ,开发生态旅游资源是生态建设的一个重要的支点 ,它所产生的经济影响远远大于它的内部经济性。以青海生态建设为依托 ,开发生态旅游资源为发展的先导产业 ,是青海经济可持续发展的推动力。 相似文献
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早在上万年前藏族先民就不畏艰难险阻,在雪域高原进行各种活动,并寻觅适合人居的生态空间,建立了早期的聚落。生态居住环境的营造是藏民族人居智慧的重要体现,藏民族面对的第一个难题是生态宜居空间的选择。藏民族生态宜居空间的选择宗旨是以人为本,尊重自然,与自然协调和谐相处。西藏早期先民对生态宜居空间的选择表现在以下两个方面:一是临水而居与生态宜居空间的选择,西藏一江两河(雅鲁藏布江、拉萨河、年楚河)是西藏城市文明的发祥地,最早的部落和氏族所建立的小邦及早期城市就主要集中分布在该流域;二是依山而建与生态宜居空间的营建,藏族先民在城市聚落选址方面不仅重视宏观区位的选择,同时也高度重视微观地理空间的选择,充分考虑其自然地理环境因素,特别对气温、降水、季风等高原气候特点的考虑。因此可以说,顺应自然、因地制宜,是西藏人民在长期的实践经验中总结出来的建筑理念和选址经验。 相似文献