皮亚杰发生认识论之哲学意蕴

康德在认识论上高扬主体性,提出用先验的、不变的感性、知性范畴建构知识,完成了所谓的"哥白尼式的革命".皮亚杰一方面同意康德先验范畴在认识过程中的逻辑先在性;另一方面不同意康德把范畴看成固定不变的思想.皮亚杰认为范畴起源于动作,因而不是不变的.而是不断发展的.我们认为汲取皮亚杰的以动作或活动为基础的主客相互作用认识发展图式.对于丰富发展马克思主义认识来源于实践哲学思想有重要的理论价值.     

Using the Internet and Email for Health Purposes: The Impact of Health Status*

Objective. Increasingly, people use the Internet and email for health purposes; however, we know little about whether this varies by health status. This study examines whether sick or healthy people are more likely to access the Internet, conduct online health searches, and exchange emails regarding health issues. Methods. We conduct multivariate analysis on a random sample of 2,038 adults. Results. Despite greater Internet access, respondents in excellent/good health are less likely to say they conduct online health searches because they have no health concerns or are satisfied with other health sources. In contrast, sick and disabled respondents are more likely to seek medical information online, and do so more frequently. They are also more likely to exchange health emails with friends and physicians. Conclusions. Practitioners especially need to educate their sicker patients about the uneven quality of online health information since they are more likely than healthier patients to conduct online health searches.     

被忽略的认知运气--论葛梯尔问题的实质与德性知识论

葛梯尔问题的实质是认知运气。葛梯尔问题被提出以后,知识论者们试图寻找第四个条件来解决此问题,从而形成了以JTB+X的方式来定义知识。 X看似解决了葛梯尔问题,实际上它们都在解决认知运气的问题,同时自身也面临着认知运气的威胁。不论X的提出还是受到的质疑与批判等,都以认知运气为焦点。当JTB+X式的知识分析不能解决问题的时候,一些知识论者对知识的分析产生了质疑,从而走上了对知识的规范性解释,产生了德性知识论。不论是以格雷科为代表的强德性知识论者还是以普理查德为代表的温和的德性知识论者,都致力于认知运气的解决,正是认知运气推动了德性知识论的产生和发展。     

张载认识论研究的回顾与反思

以“德性所知”的涵义、“德性所知”与“诚明所知”和“天德良知”之间的关系、“德性所知”与“德性之知”的区别三个问题为中心,对学术界有关张载认识论的研究进行了回顾,并结合明清学者的注释,对这些问题和争论做了反思,认为必须回到经典之中去,在对张载思想进行更全面更深入的研究基础上,方能对其认识论有一更为准确的理解。     

The Timing of Presidential Cinema*

Objective. Researchers have examined the social meaning of political cinema; however, little research places film into its contemporary political and economic context. Therefore, I examine the timing of the production and release of presidential cinema. Methods. The data are comprised of major motion picture releases from the years 1953–2004 that include a U.S. president as a character. Regression analysis is used to determine how the temporal release of movies featuring a president corresponds to social realities. Results. I find that the release of presidential cinema is correlated with the party that controls the actual White House and with the number of consecutive terms that the same party has been in the White House. More films with presidents are released during Democratic administrations than during Republican administrations and more films with presidents are released during first rather than second terms. This appears more acute during presidential election years. The state of the national economy affects the release of presidential cinema as well. Strong economies lead to the release of more films with presidents. Conclusions. This suggests that popular film content is affected not only by filmmaker whim and creativity, but also by measurable contemporary political and economic conditions. Future studies investigating film content should account for how national trends affect popular entertainment.     

论信息技术时代的三大认识论悖论

信息技术革命在推进人类认识发展的同时,也带来了新的认识论问题,三大认识论悖论就是典型的表现。数据悖论揭示信息时代认识者获得的数据激增,但形成的见识更少;知识悖论使人们看到知识的生产过程出现了大众化、民主化与精英化、权威性之间的张力,以及知识的短暂身份和持久价值之间的不一致;认识能力悖论则展示了现代信息技术在辅助人认识水平提高的同时,但也导致认识能力上的新退化。提出和分析这些认识论悖论,是为了更好地面对我们在新技术时代的新境遇以及谋求人类的认识更加合理与协调地发展。     

论怀疑主义对认识论的积极影响及现实作用

怀疑主义是一种独特而久远的哲学学说 ,人们对它的传统批判使得它蒙上了一层不白之冤。事实上 ,正是怀疑主义哲学家们以其虽苦涩却警醒的论析迫使人们反思 ,从而拓展了认识论问题的研究 ,促进了人类知识的增长。因此它对认识论的积极影响是不容置疑的。并且 ,在实践唯物主义的基础上建构合理的怀疑思维具有深刻的现实作用。它既是认识发展的内驱 ,也是解放思想、破除迷信的有力武器 ,更是现代化人才应具备的素质之一     

The Portfolio Choices of Hispanic Couples*

Objectives. The objective of this article is to assess the overall wealth level and portfolio choices of Hispanic families. Methods. We use Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) data to first estimate the determinants of net worth. Conditioning on overall wealth levels, we then estimate a model of asset portfolios. Results. Our results reveal that Hispanic couples as a group are less wealthy than otherwise similar white couples, although there is substantial variation across Hispanic‐origin groups. Accounting for these wealth disparities, Hispanic couples hold less financial wealth, but more real estate and business equity than do white couples. Conclusions. Much of the disparity in portfolio choices of Hispanics as a group relative to whites appears to stem from the fact that they are less wealthy. At the same time, it is important to separately analyze the wealth position of distinct Hispanic‐origin groups.