广东省第五次人口普查主要数据

广东省统计局发布了广东省第五次全国人口普查主要数据的第一号公报。广东省普查总人口数为8642万人，其中广东省户籍人口7473万人，户籍人口年平均增长率为1．75％，比上世纪80年代末下降1．95个百分点，增长率的降幅大大超过O．4个百分点的全国平均水平，增长速度居全国之首。同时广东省城镇人口比重比1990年上升18．2个百分点，比全国高出18．91个百分点     

广东省城镇就业的现状、问题和对策

一 广东省城镇劳动力就业现状 近10年来,广东省城镇劳动力就业总人数从1981年的566.52万人增加到1990年的807.81万人。年均增长率为4.02％。1990年全省待业率为2.22％,低于同期全国2.5％的平均水平。合同制职工102万人,占职工总数的12.7％。 (一)就业人员在不同所有制之间的分布。目前,全民所有制单位仍是安置就业人员的主渠道,     

’94回眸:台湾的人口、婚姻与家庭

一、人日和户量增长状况截至1994年12月底，台湾省共有人口2112万人，比1992年的2094万人增加了19万人，增长了9．19to。总人口增长速度虽然继续保持着1990年以来的下降势头，但降幅明显缓减：1991年比1990年下降2．19个干分点，1992年比1991年下降0．5个千分点，1992年比1992年下降0．29个千分点，1994年比1992年下降0．1个干分点。1994年全省人口密度每平方公里587人，比1992年每平方公里增加5人。1994全省人口自然增长率为9．gXi，这是自1946年以来首次降至10Xi以下，比1992年下降了0．2、千分点。其原因一方面是1994年人口出生率15－Z…     

浅析侨乡农村人口控制问题

目前,中国农村的人口控制面临着极大的困难,侨乡农村的人口控制更是困难重重,第四次人口普查的有关数据已说明了这一点。中国两大侨乡广东省和福建省在1982年至1990年的八年间年均人口增长率分别达2.00％和1.89％,均高于全国年均人口增长率1.48％;人口自然增长率,广东省为16.62‰,福建省为17.75‰,均高于全国平均的14.70‰;著名侨乡     

新疆两次人口普查间人口出生率变动成因及人口控制效果评价

新疆人口从第三次人口普查到第四次人口普查八年间已有较大的变化,人口数量从1982年普查13081633人增加到1990年普查的15155778人,比1982年增长了15.86％,其中新疆少数民族人口由7795101人增加到9460152人,比1982个增长了21.36％,新疆汉族人口由5286532人增加到5695626人,比1982年增长了7.74％。然而总体上看,新疆人口的增长势头在下降。1982年人口普查出生率为29.09‰,人口自然增长率为20.86％,到1990年普查出生率为24.67‰,人口自然增率为18.28‰,出生率下降了4.42个千分点。新疆人口增长势头的减缓是各种控制因素和人口学自身因素综合作用的结果。为正确估价各种因素对出生率下降所起的作用,本文采用标准化分析方法对新疆人口以及新疆汉族和少数民族人口的出生率下降成因作一定量分析,并且间接评价新疆人口控制的效果。     

拉丁美洲地区的人口发展和人口政策

近一个世纪以来,拉丁美洲地区的人口一直持续而迅速地增长,人口总数已由1900年的7,400万增加到1981年的3.6亿,在世界总人口中所占比重也由4.4％增至8.1％。就人口增长率来说,1900年至1950年的人口年均增长率为1.6％,和大洋洲并列世界第一;在1950年至1975年的二十五年中,年均增长率高达2.8％,居世界各大洲首位,远高于世界的平均数（1.9％）,成为全世界人口增长最快的地区。根据预测,2000年时拉丁美洲的总人口将达5.6亿多,而到二十一世纪末实现人口稳定发展（出生率和死亡率相等）,届时将比现有人口增加近三倍,达13亿多。 面对人口的急剧增加,特别是人口剧增所带来的一系列社会经济问题,拉美各国政府逐渐认识到了控制人口的必要性,同时也相继制定并采取各自的人口政策。本文拟对拉美地区     

广东人口与环境、资源

一、广东人口的规模增长我国自汉代以来，已有户口记载。但对广东而言，记载较为明确的则始于隋代。从广东人口发展过程看，大致可以把人口增长过程分述如下：第一阶段，从附代到明末（581～1644年），广东人口从60万人增加到240万人，平均年增长率1．4％。，增长了三倍。由于增长速度快于全国，广东人口占全国人口比重逐渐上升：隋代为1．5％，唐代天宝年间为2．2％，北宋期间为3．5％，元代为4．1％，明洪武14年（1381年）为5．2％，明未崇份9年（1636年）降为4．2％。第二阶段，由清初起到鸦片战争（1644～1840年），人口激增。顺治18年…     

1997-1998年台湾人口与社会动态

1　人口增长率回升1997年底全省户籍登记人口数 2 16 8 3万人 ,其中男性人口 1113 2万人 ,女性人口10 5 5 1万人 ,比 1996年 12月的 2 147 1万人增加 2 1 2万人 ,年人口增长率 9 87‰。进入九十年代 ,全省年人口增长率持续下降 ,由 1990年的 12 2 1‰下降至 1996年的 7 85‰ ,1997年比 1996年回升 1 0 2个千分点 ,这是八年来首次出现的回升。全省人口密度为6 0 2 2 1人 ,比 1996年的 5 96 43人又明显上升 5 78人。全省人口的总户数为 6 18 5万户 ,继续保持着高于人口增长率的上升势头 ,年增 17 8万户。而户均人口为 3 5 1人 ,比 1996年…     

2007年国民经济和社会发展统计公报（摘选）

年末全国总人口为132129万人,比上年末增加681万人。全年出生人口1594万人,出生率为12．10％e;死亡人口913万人,死亡率为6．93％e;自然增长率为5．17％e。出生人口性别比为120．22。     

与时俱进的溧阳人口计生工作

建国60年,中国大发展。江苏省溧阳市这一片热土也焕发勃勃生机。溧阳的人口计生工作,在新中国成立时孕育,在改革开放中起步,在21世纪发展,有效控制了人口增长,缓解了人口对经济社会发展和资源、环境的压力。目前,全市总人口77．6万余人,人口出生率、自然增长率分别由1978年的16．2‰和10．3‰降低到2008年5．25‰和-0．33‰,符合政策生育率10年来始终保持在98％以上,在全国率先进入低生育水平时期。     

百万以上少数民族老龄化程度的分层测算

老龄化是当今面临的一大社会问题。通常老龄化的界定主要采用老年人口占比这一指标来量化。以发展的视角与人口年龄结构划分标准而言．单一指标的老龄化论断削弱了学术的严谨性和对现实的指导性。为精确各个族群老龄化的差异,以发展的视角分析出台减缓老龄化进程的相关策略．使区域经济发展与老龄化进程趋向协调．本文基于第四、五、六次人口普查数据资料．对百万以上18个少数民族的老龄化程度进行新的分层测算。在分析其老龄化现状的基础上。给出1990年、2000年、2010年三个时段的年龄结构类型．分层测算了18个民族20年间年龄结构类型或老龄化进程的速度和差异．为国家制定分层策略提供数据化支撑,     

The data of 1995 1 percent sample population survey in Shanghai

A 1% sample survey was conducted in Shanghai during October 1995. Findings indicate that de jure population was 14.135 million people vs. 13.34 million people in 1990 (an increase of 0.795 million). Part of the increase in population (0.455 million people) during 1990-95 is due to changes in definition of the de jure population. In 1995, de jure means residents of the city for 6 months or more compared with the 1990 requirement of at least 12 months' residency. Natural population growth and net migrants accounted for 0.34 million of the increase in population during 1990-95. The birth rate was 5.75/1000 population in 1995 in Shanghai, or 81,200 births. The death rate was 7.05/1000 population, or 99,600 deaths. The natural rate of growth was a negative 0.13% or a decline of 18,400 population. Households numbered 4.394 million. Average household size was 3.13 members. 12.454 million people out of the total of 14.135 million people held household registration in Shanghai. Han ethnic groups comprised 99.48% of Shanghai's population, or 14.061 million people. The Han population declined by 0.06% during 1990-95. Other minority populations comprised 74,000 people. 11.838 million were township population. The proportion of township population increased from 66.73% in 1990 to 83.75% in 1995. The number of people who received a higher education reached 9045 people, which was an increase of 1508 people during 1990-95. Population with at least 12 years of education numbered 21,007 people, an increase of 1489 people during 1990-95. 34,395 had 9 years of education, and 21,905 had 6 years of education. The illiterate or semiliterate population over 15 years of age numbered 989,000 people, which was 7.0% of the total city population or a decline of 4 percentage points during 1990-95.     

An analysis of the 1987 population situation in China]

Presented here is an analysis of some of the manually collected data from a 1% random sample of China's population taken on 7/1/87. 1)Population growth: The population grew 6.36% from 1982-87 to give a total population of 1,072,330,000. Even though the average annual growth rate of 1.24% during these years is slower than the growth rate of the 1950s and 1960s, this does not mean that China can be complacent about it. Due to China's large population base, every year its population increases by about 13,000,000, with serious implications for consumerism, education and labor. The natural rate of growth dropped during 1982-84, but by 1987, it had increased again to 1981 levels. If China is to limit its population to 1.25 billion by 2000, the average annual growth rate must remain below 1.23%, which is lower than the figures of recent years. 2) Sex differences: the population was 51.1% male and 48.9% female. 3) Age structure: 28.68% of the population were 14 years and younger; 65.86% were between 15-64 years; 5.46% were 65 years and older. The median age was 24.2 years. The percentage of the 0-14 year bracket dropped about 7.6% from 1953-87, while the 15-64 year olds increased 6.6% and the 65 years and older group increased 1%. On the surface, a 1% increase of the aged would not present a problem to China taken as a whole. However, when densely populated areas such as Shanghai are looked at, the situation demands immediate attention. 4) Ethnic groups: 92% of the population were Han. Minorities increased 5% annually between 1982-87 to comprise 8% of the population. This rapid growth among minorities is due in part to official permission for families to bear more than one child, and to better sanitary and medical attention. 6) Population distribution: 37.1% of the population lived in urban areas, as compared with 10% in 1949. By 1990 the urban population could reach 40%, creating serious social, economic and political pressure on cities.     

An outline of study on China's population / environment issues

Attention is given to population and growth and the impact on the environment and resources in China. Policies for managing the environment and instituting population education are also addressed. The first position paper of the National Environmental Protection Agency (NEPAC) on June 2, 1990 is summarized. The population of China was 1.11 billion in 1989. The rate of growth in 1988 was 14.2/1000 in 1988. 91% live in the southeast on 43% of the land. Land area is 9.6 million square miles. 65% can be made arable, and 14% is cultivated. China has 7% of the world's arable land and 20% of the world's population. Population growth has reduced arable land/captia. The impact on forests has been deforestation. 13% of land is currently forested, and timber reserves encompass 9.14 billion cubic meters, or 9 cubic meters/person. The demand for firewood and timber will increase. The impact on grasslands has been overgrazing and desertification at a current rate of 1560 square kilometer/year. The impact on energy resources is a greater demand for coal which will increase and thus increase pollution of the environment. The impact on water resources is greater demand and increased pollution. Water resources are 2700 cubic meters/person or less than the world average. 26.8 billion tons of waste water were industrially discharged out of 36.8 billion tons. 436 of the 532 rivers are polluted. The impact on the environment is a decreased standard of living. NEPAC reported that air pollution was slightly reduced in 4% of the cities in 1988, increased in 4%, and stable in the remaining cities. Water quality improved through the lowering of industrial waste water discharges, but 72% of river segments are still above the standards. Each major river system is discussed. Noise increased, and industrial solid wastes increased. Forest reserve is 9.141 billion cubic meters; the man-made forest has increased. The loss of grasslands is .13 million hectares/year. Cultivated land is 95.72 million hectares, but 100,000 hectares/year are damaged by natural disasters and 6 million are polluted by industrial wastes. 606 nature preserves have been established. In 1989, a complete legal system of environmental protection was established and investment increased.     

The population control helping sustainable economic development in Shantong province

A brief overview is presented of the impact of population control on sustainable economic development in Shantong Province, China. Family planning education was initiated in 1970. Birth control is now widely accepted among the population. The birth rate in 1995 was 9.82/1000 population. The natural growth rate was 0.335%. The population growth rate was below the national average. The total fertility rate was 1.1 children/woman. Shandong Province has a total population of 81 million people. Shandong's share of Chinese total population declined from 8.4% in 1949 to 7.2% in 1995. Gross domestic product in 1995 was 500 billion yuan. The annual urban expenditure was 4000 yuan/person, which was an increase of 1500 yuan from 1991. The annual rural net income was 1650 yuan/person, which was an increase of 680 yuan from 1991. During 1971-95, expenditures for bearing children declined by 492 billion yuan. The party secretary of the province stressed that population quality is desired now that the birth rate is under control.     

人口增长率与人口规模关系的实证研究——基于中国省际面板数据的分析

文章在内生经济理论的框架下推导了在一定条件下人口增长率与人口规模负相关的结论,同时基于1954年至2007年的数据,运用动态面板数据模型验证了人口增长率与人口规模负相关。文章的动态面板协整检验表明,我国人口规模每增加一亿,人口增长率将减少2.13‰,我国人口规模将会达到15.4亿的峰值,然后人口增长率出现负增长。最后文章的格兰杰因果检验也表明,人口规模的变化是人口增长率变化的格兰杰原因。     

Population growth in the 1990s: Patterns within the United States 1

Census 2000 counted 281.4 million people in the UnitedStates, up 13.2 percentfrom the 1990 Census population of 248.7 million and thehighest percent increasefor the nation since the 1960s. Population growth in the1990s was not only higherthan in recent decades, it was also more geographicallywidespread, with more states,counties, and cities experiencing population gains.This paper examines populationgrowth during the 1990s for a variety of geographiclevels, including regions, divisions,states, metropolitan areas, counties and large cities.It then compares growth rates forthe 1990s with earlier decades to provide a historicalcontext to present-day trends inpopulation growth and decline. Finally, it discusses howdifferential population growthin recent decades has resulted in a new form of populationdistribution in the US.     

Retrospect and prospect of China's population

This discussion of the population of China covers the reproductive pattern and fertility rate, the death pattern and mortality, age-sex structure of the population, population and employment, urbanization, migration, and the aging of the population. During the 1949-83 period, China almost doubled her population with an annual natural growth rate of 19/1000. China's reproductive pattern developed from early childbearing, short birth spacing and many births to later childbearing, longer birth spacing and fewer births. China's total fertility rate (TFR) was 5.8 in 1950 and 2.1 in 1983 with an annual decrease of 3%. The annual national income grew at a rate of 7.1%, while the annual growth rate of population 1.9% from 1950-82. Consequently, the national income per capita increased from 50 yuan in 1950 to 338 yuan in 1982. The major factor responsible for the changes is the remarkable decline in the rural fertility rate. The crude death rate dropped from 27.1/1000 in 1963 to 7.1 in 1983 and the infant mortality rate from 179.4/1000 live births in 1936 to 36.6 in 1981. There was also a significant change in the causes of death. Population aged 0-14 in China account for 33.6%, 15-49 for 51.3%, and 50 and over for 15.1% of the total population. China is in the process of transition from an expansive to a stationary population. The age-dependency ratio declined from 68.6% in 1953 and 79.4% in 1964 to 62.6% in 1982. Sex ratios recorded in the 3 population censuses are 105.99 in 1953, 105.45 in 1964, and 105.46 in 1982. Employment in both collective and individual economies did not expand until 1978. Sectoral, occupational, and industrial structures of population started to change rationally with the adjustment and reform of economic management system in 1978. The strategic stress on the employment of China's economically active population should be shifted from farming to diversified economy and urban industry and commerce, from sectors of industrial-agricultural production to those of non-material production, and from expansion of employment to the rise of employment efficiency. The proportion of urban population in China accounted for 20.8% in 1982 with an annual growth rate of 4% during the 1949-82 period. The 1982 population census reveals that 94.4% of China's population resides on the southeast side of Aihui-Tengchong Line. Compared with the statistics in 1953, there was no notable change of the unbalanced population distribution on each side of the Line over the last 50 years. China is comparatively young in its population age structure. 1982 census data show that there were 49.29 million people at age 65 and over in 1982, representing 4.91% of the whole population. It is estimated from the age composition of 1982 and age-specific mortality rate of 1981 that there will be 88 million elderly persons by 2000, 150 million by 2020, and about 300 million as a maximum around 2040.     

The Implications of Change in Population Size,Distribution, and Composition on the Number of Overweight and Obese Adults and the Direct and Indirect Cost Associated with Overweight and Obese Adults in Texas Through 2040

Changes in population characteristics are associated with changes in the prevalence of physical and related health conditions with alternative types of population change leading to change in the prevalence of certain conditions. Examination of the effects of future demographic change on such conditions is, in turn, critical for understanding the future need for various types of health-related facilities and services. This article provides an example of how future demographic changes are likely to impact overweight and obese status in Texas, a rapidly growing and diversifying state. Specifically it uses population decomposition techniques to examine the relative impacts of population growth, aging and changes in the racial/ethnic composition of the population on increases in the prevalence and related costs of overweight and obesity in Texas, an important input for the formulation of statewide health policies. The number of overweight adults in Texas is projected to increase from 5.5 million in 2000 to 16.0 million in 2040, and the number of obese adults to increase from 3.5 million in 2000 to 14.6 million in 2040. The largest projected increases occur among Hispanics and other minority populations and for all race/ethnicity groups the increases are largest among those who are 65 years of age and older. Decomposition analysis indicates that of the projected increase of 10.5 million overweight adults from 2000 to 2040, 54.0% is attributable to population increase, 15.0% to change in age distribution, and 31.0% to change in racial/ethnic composition. Of the projected increase in the number of obese adults, 61.6% is due to population change and 38.4% to change in racial/ethnic composition. The annual costs associated with overweight and obesity prevalence are expected to increase from $10.5 billion in 2000 to $10.5 billion in 2000 to 40.3 billion in 2040. The results suggest that services to address these conditions will need to be widely dispersed across the state with particular concentrations of the elderly, Hispanics, and Other minority populations.     

Transfer programs and aggregate household formations

The number of households in the United States increased by over fifty percent in the 1960s and 1970s, nearly double the rate of population growth. Part of the increase is explained by the movement of large cohort groups of the population into prime household-forming age categories, but higher headship rates also contribute. Age-specific headship rate increases result from non-demographic factors, and this paper focuses on the role of government transfer payment programs. Specifically considered are Social Security, Aid to Families with Dependent Children, and Food Stamps. These programs are found to have accounted for as many as 4 million net household formations between 1961 and 1984. The findings have implications for expected households formations in the 1990s.