公共危机事件中非理性恐慌的应对与政策决策理性化

非理性恐慌是与正常心理状态恐慌不同的，由非理性因素引起的非正常心理状态，构成公共危机事件的常态现象和基本场景，是政策决策机制不健全导致非理性因素运用不当的反应，无论对决策者应急决策能力，还是对应急政策决策体制机制，都是严峻挑战和考验。应站在政治的高度对待非理性恐慌问题，弘扬人类理性精神，正确发挥理性因素的指导作用，并以此合理规制非理性因素运用，优化常态化的、有利于正确发挥非理性因素正向作用的理性化政策决策长效机制。     

抗美援朝运动与一种运动动员模式的形成

抗美援朝运动中的动员模式体现出一种革命型动员模式的运作特点.在运作机制上,立体式动员网络与立体式运动网络在共同运作中交互重叠、共同作用,把整个动员运作机制的效能发挥到极致.正是在这一过程中,一种具有中国特色的运动动员模式开始形成.     

危机应对的经济学原理

20 0 3年发生的“非典”疫情 ,引发了人们对危机应对机制的进一步思考。本文阐述了应对危机的经济学原理 ,并分析了三方面的问题 :危机的不确定性与应对危机的信息机制 ;及时采取公共卫生政策 ,提供公共物品 ;根据危机的不同性质和特点 ,及时采取相应的经济政策以稳定局势。     

论公安机关对公共危机事件的应对与处置

公共危机事件是由于某些特定的或无法预测的因素诱发产生的对公共安全、公共利益和人民生命财产形成重大威胁的事件.公共危机事件的处置已经成为信息时代背景下,检验执政党执政能力和政府应变能力的前沿课题.作为我国政府体系内具有强制执行力的重要力量,在不同事件引起的公共危机中,公安机关应根据不同情况,准确把握在公共危机事件中角色定位,应用相应的法律框架,组建完备的应时体系、妥善应对大众传媒焦点,处理好与媒体和公众的关系,为高效应对公共危机事件创造良好的外部环境.为在公共危机事件背景下,更好地履行宪法和法律赋予的职责,公安机关应当从完善应对机制,强化队伍建设等方面着手,不断强化公共危机应对的意识和能力,以适应新的历史条件下人民群众对公安工作的新期待、新要求,更好地完成党和政府赋予的应对公共危机事件的职责和任务.     

中国公共危机决策中的问题与对策分析

科学的公共危机决策,对治理公共危机起着十分重要的作用。但是,由于决策者综合素质缺失、互动决策缺失、决策的科学技术性缺失、法治观念缺失和透明度缺失等问题,严重影响着公共危机的治理成效。本文旨在阐述公共危机决策的重要性、分析我国公共危机决策存在的问题和提出相应的对策。     

抗美援朝彰显的革命英雄主义精神

英勇的中国人民志愿军和英雄的中国人民在抗美援朝斗争中展现了英勇顽强、舍生忘死的革命英雄主义精神。革命英雄主义精神是一种英勇善战的战斗精神、一种顽强奋斗的拼搏精神、一种舍生忘死的牺牲精神。在抗美援朝的整个斗争中,志愿军和中国人民敢于斗争、敢于胜利,冲锋陷阵、血战到底,愈战愈勇、越打越强。新时代需要大力弘扬革命英雄主义精神,以教育和引导人们崇尚英雄、关爱英雄、捍卫英雄、学习英雄,把英雄主义精神转化为个人成长的精神养分、国家繁荣富强的精神支柱和民族伟大复兴的精神动力。     

美欧债务危机应对策略的国际比较

美欧债务危机不断蔓延,其发展状况牵动着全球经济的神经。债务危机爆发后,美欧都采取了紧缩财政、增加市场流动性等措施。但因国情各异,二者在自救实力、政策配合等方面存在明显差异。在美欧债务危机给中国带来新的冲击的严峻局势下,中国应对美欧债务危机的诱发因素和应对策略进行反思,寻找出一条使中国经济稳健发展的道路。     

抗美援朝彰显的革命忠诚精神

在波澜壮阔的抗美援朝战争中,英雄的中国人民志愿军为完成祖国和人民赋予的使命,展现了慷慨奉献自己一切的革命忠诚精神。革命忠诚精神是一种心有信仰的担当精神、心底无私的奉献精神和矢志不渝的执着精神。革命忠诚精神在抗美援朝战争中彰显为勇挑重担、敢于担当,舍身为国、无私奉献,百折不挠、意志如钢。新时代大学生要继承和发扬革命忠诚精神,做到对党忠诚、对祖国忠诚、对人民忠诚。     

垃圾桶决策模式:反理性主义的声音

垃圾桶决策模式是不同于理性主义和渐进主义的决策模型,它向人们展现的是一个反理性主义的视角。该文从垃圾桶决策模式的基本学术主张出发,分析垃圾桶决策模式对于政策研究、政策实践的意义及其局限性。     

抗美援朝战争的国际影响

抗美援朝战争在国际范围的影响,可以概括为中国人民是不可战胜的,是特别能战斗的正义力量;沉重打击了美国霸权主义的嚣张气焰,遏制了美国对外扩张的全球战略;展示中国的大国地位,极大地提高了中国的国际威望;改变了世界政治格局,推进了和平与发展世界主题的确立;为世界各民族的反霸斗争树立了一个自主命运、敢打必胜的典范.     

万历援朝战争初期的内部纷争——以赞画袁黄为中心的考察

万历援朝战争是16世纪末关乎东亚政治格局和明朝历史走向的重大事件,但从参战伊始,日渐恶化的政治风气即渗透到将帅选拔等环节中。战争开始后,内阁与吏部之间围绕京察展开的党争,朝野关于速战还是封贡的争论,南兵与北将之间的矛盾以及朝鲜政府在后勤保障方面的不作为都给前线将士制造了一系列的麻烦并深刻影响了战争的走向。以赞画身份参战的名士袁黄虽然努力周旋于各派力量之间,力保战事顺利进行,却因学术思想上的分歧,无法摆脱的派系斗争,最终在立下殊勋之际黯然离任,成为内部纷争严重干扰战争进程的鲜活例证。     

Financial Crisis and Social Security: The Paradox of the Republic of Korea

This paper seeks to answer the questions why and how the social security system in the Republic of Korea has expanded in the wake of the financial crisis. The author first reviews the characteristics of the Korean welfare system before turning to the social effects of the financial crisis, then examining the resultant changes to the social security system and highlighting the driving forces behind them. The paper argues that the development of the system can be mainly attributed to the change of policy networks from a symbiotic alliance between the State and business to a tripartite corporatismand growing social demands for social welfare.     

基于五律协同理论再论社会危机应对中非政府组织的地位与作用

五律协同理论认为,社会危机的发生发展受到自然、社会、经济、技术和环境五大规律的制约,规律协同是解决危机的最佳路径选择.非政府组织作为公民社会的重要组织实体,充分体现了社会规律、技术规律等内涵,是现代社会危机管理网络中的不可或缺的协同变量,其在社会危机应对中的作用贯穿整个社会危机事件全过程,主要表现在有效减缓社会危机压力、建构公民信念共同体、提供专业资源支持以及监督国家权力运行等方面.     

The Dynamics of Welfare Policy‐Making in South Korea: Social Movements as Policy Entrepreneurs*

This paper analyzes the role of social movements in the creation and evolution of a welfare state in South Korea. We begin with a theoretical overview of the existing works on policy change, highlighting concepts such as ideas, policy paradigms, and windows of opportunity. We then examine state institutions, hegemonic policy paradigms, and the specific dynamics of welfare policy‐making during South Korea’s authoritarian period (1961–1987). Next, characterizing the democratic transition in 1987 and the economic crisis of 1997–1998 as “windows of opportunity,” we probe how social movements emerged as “policy entrepreneurs” and played crucial roles in building welfare institutions and promoting welfare policies. In particular, we focus on the role of social movements in legislating the National Basic Livelihood Security Act in 1999 and consolidating fragmented health insurance systems in 2000. We conclude that social movements in democratized South Korea have assumed the role of policy entrepreneurs, filling the vacuum left by the central government and elite bureaucrats in the field of social welfare policy‐making.     

嵌入社会框架的社会福利模式：理论与政策反思*

20世纪90年代，在福利国家危机重重的背景下，吉登斯的第三条道路的超越构想理论应运而生。该理论首先解构了后传统社会，由此而提出了六个面向社会框架的超越构想；其次，吉登斯将社会福利模式的超越构想嵌入到社会框架中，界定了外部风险和人为风险，由此而提出了消极福利转化到积极福利的超越构想。借鉴嵌入社会框架的社会福利模式的超越构想，本文反思中国社会政策，提出了中国社会政策的新社会框架，即责任提倡、多元部门发展、社会政策议题对话等，提出了中国社会福利模式转化与社会政策改革的原则。     

The Foreign Policy Beliefs of Political Campaign Contributors: A Post-Cold War Analysis

Objective. In this article we address two questions raised by the literature on the structure of foreign policy beliefs. First, has the end of the Cold War brought about any major changes in these belief systems? Second, how do ideology and economic interests shape these beliefs? Methods. We analyze data from a 1996 survey of U.S. presidential campaign contributors conducted by the Ray Bliss Center to determine the foreign policy belief systems of contributors. We then compare those results to the belief systems found in a 1988 survey of contributors. Results. We find that Cold War belief systems are quite durable. There was surprisingly little change in the structure or content of contributors' foreign policy beliefs between 1988 and 1996. We also find that both ideology and economic interests help shape these beliefs and examine the circumstances under which each of these two considerations appears to have the most important effects. Conclusions. Policymakers face new challenges since the end of the Cold War, but domestic political elites still approach foreign policy with a Cold War perspective. Also, although ideology is very important in determining how individuals think about foreign policy, material interests also make a difference for campaign contributors.     

试析美朝在核危机中的话语权之争

朝核危机产生于20世纪90年代。时至今日,美朝除了在国家利益、安全观念与政治互信等方面存在分歧外,还在朝鲜半岛核问题与朝鲜核问题、核能和平利用与反核扩散问题、横向核扩散与纵向核扩散问题等方面存在分歧与争夺。双方斗争的目的是为了置对方于不利的道义位置,以便在与对方打交道时增强自己的话语地位,为维护自身国家安全利益争取主动。     

Croatian Social Policy: The Legacies of War, State-building and Late Europeanization

This article outlines the differences and commonalities between social policy developments in Croatia and those in Central Europe. In Croatia, issues such as national identities and the redefinition of citizenship, war, state-building and crisis management have produced a complex mix of statist centralization and parallelism of welfare actors at the central and local level. While subject both to neo-liberal pressures to privatize provision, and later to European Union influences, both of these came later, and were more mediated, than in Central Europe. Croatia forms a bridge to studying the uneven welfare arrangements of other countries in South-East Europe, marked as they are by complex governance arrangements and the presence of social development and postwar reconstruction discourses .     

Education and Social Policy in Central Asia: The Next Stage of the Transition

This paper discusses the challenges facing the education system of Central Asia and evaluates how these have been addressed in the market economy. We first review the evidence on the economic return to education and determine how the rewards to different levels of education changed during the transition. We then examine the trends in school enrolment and evaluate whether changes in supply or demand explain the enrolment trends we observe. Finally, we evaluate the efficiency of the delivery of education and whether market forces have improved the management of schools. We conclude with a summary of the economic and policy lessons derived thus far from the educational transition. The paper uses aggregate administrative data supplemented with survey data, primarily from the Kyrgyz Republic and Kazakhstan, on enrolment, completion, and expenditures.