On the Way to Childhood's Genius

The current state of children's literature in Russia is analyzed as an under-appreciated and marginalized genre adapting to changing times.     

社会科学管理中的天才意识

天才就是具有卓绝的创造力、想象力，突出的聪明智慧的人。天才的才能是先天遗传与后天学习结合的产物。通过自身的努力，许多人都可以成为社会科学领域的天才。天才决不是同群众对立的概念。必须承认天才是客观存在，必须认识到社会科学领域最高层次的思想创造，只能依赖天才。要把是否有利于天才生存，当做检验社会科学研究的观念环境和制度环境的最高标准。     

Computer Simulation and Social Work Education: A Suitable Case

Summary Despite the sophisticated advance of computer technology, socialworkers display little interest in grasping its positive aspectsor examining the negative elements. Yet developments in computertechniques can enable us to examine the social work processor simulate experimental situations. In educational terms, with the advent of a computer programwhich is able to simulate the elements of social work case situations,a new teaching aid is available. This paper describes the developmentof a simple computerised social work case simulation exerciseto introduce beginning social work students to some practicestrategies.     

论清初才子佳人小说大团圆结局的文化意蕴

清初才子佳人小说的大团圆结局,具有社会学、美学、文学史、民俗学与人类学等多层次的文化意义,不可简单抹煞或否定。同时,它成为一种俗套,就在一定程度上歪曲了现实生活的本来面目。所以,在当今文明、和谐的社会主义建设过程中,我们要注意吸取其中的文化养料,并从思想意识的高度纠正团圆情结的惰性因子对民族文化心理的消极影响。     

计算机游戏与性别关系——性别研究的新领域

随着计算机和网络技术的普及,计算机游戏正成为现代社会文化中一个不可忽视的组成部分。它不仅对青少年,而且对成年人也有着重要影响,尤其是对于性别角色期待、性别角色扮演以及性别刻板印象的强化或淡化方面更有着明显的影响。自20世纪90年代以来,计算机游戏的内容及其对于女性掌握数字技术的影响已成为国外一些学者关心的问题。     

Computer Systems that Work

Abstract

The objective of this study is to provide system developers with a framework to classify variables that influence computer use, and to assess their different roles in this respect. To that end, variables from thirty-five studies were identified, classified and reviewed for their effect on system use. Process variables including participation and involvement were the strongest predictors. Second in strength were system attributes such as perceived usefulness, and user variables such as training, skills and self-efficacy. Organizational context and support, categorized as environmental variables, and attitudes, demographics and personal traits, categorized as user variables, were the weakest predictors. The paper concludes with implications of the review for system design and implementation, and for future research.     

Computer Vision and Gestalt Theory

The decades that separate us from the period marked by the birth and rise of Gestalt psychology are sufficient to permit us to evaluate its contribution to the history of psychology and its place in contemporary psychology. It is generally recognized that the outstanding service of the founders of Gestalt psychology was their questioning of the limitations of the analytic approach to the study of complex systems. They formulated and provided a theoretical basis for the position that the perception of the whole cannot be reduced to the sum of the perception of its parts, and that interpretation of each part depended on the whole. The mechanisms the Gestalt psychologists incorporated into the explanations of this phenomenon were excessively influenced by physics, and now are of only historical interest. But the problem of Gestalt itself was further developed, especially in the domain of visual perception.     

Computer Assisted Clinical Decision Making

The Databank of Program Evaluations (DOPE) is an experimental, on-line, telephone accessible, computerized system for acquiring citations and abstracts of treatment evaluation studies that are catalogued by type of client, type of setting, and type of treatment. Though DOPE has been helpful to clinicians for locating evaluation studies of immediate practical application, it is only one of many databases. The study reported here measures the effectiveness of DOPE on the quantity, quality, appropriateness, and time spent to locate evaluation studies. In four social work fieldwork methods sections, where students had been randomly assigned to DOPE/no-DOPE groups, the only statistically significant differences between the two groups was a substantial saving in time to locate evaluation studies. DOPE is not on-line at this time, but it may become available again soon.     

Translating Mayan Manuscripts by Computer

How a research group used an electronic computer to translate Mayan writings that had for years baffled linguists. "Electronic Pathfinder of History," Ogonyok (Little Flame), 1962, No. 12.