憧憬的意义：论清末小说中的科技乌托邦叙事

清末小说家们基于救国的热诚与迫切，不同程度地将科技引入创作实践，从而形成了小说中“惟物质之为功”的科技乌托邦叙事。以解救现实危机为目的，这一叙事的主题分别体现在强国梦与文明梦两个层面之上。清末小说中的科技乌托邦叙事以确信的姿态，通过国家愿景的可企及与可实现，展现了小说家们现代理性精神的萌发。然而，科技乌托邦叙事的“唯科学主义”忽略科技之外的思想资源，使小说家们的理想认知难免有偏颇之处。     

模拟与创新：先秦两汉“模式文本”的生成及意义

“模式文本”在先秦两汉的诸子史传中广泛存在,尤以谏君说理和写人记事类最为流行,表现出高度模式化叙事的特点。根据先秦两汉模式文本的实例可归纳出它们的三个特征：其一,最为本质的核心叙事模式相对稳定,但人物、对话等细节会有较大区别;其二,模式文本在继承旧叙事模式的同时,也会有一定程度的创新,如增添较多细节;其三,谏君说理和写人记事类模式文本的流行,与先秦两汉士人频繁的劝谏游说活动以及对人物的塑造有关。模式文本的生成有变异和模拟两种方式,尤以模拟为主。出于谏君、撰史的需要,先秦两汉士人模仿既有故事的叙事情节,利用“故事模式库”中的模式创编故事,借助旧的模式完成新文本的创作。     

大卫·哈维的“辩证乌托邦”设想及其理论局限

大卫·哈维立足其“历史—地理唯物主义”思想将传统乌托邦划分为“空间形式的乌托邦”和“社会过程的乌托邦”,并结合时间的历史性和空间的地理性建立了“辩证乌托邦”。他创造性地借用马克思建筑师和蜜蜂的隐喻阐述其“辩证乌托邦”理想,并提出通过“反叛的建筑师”、重建地方和捍卫城市权等具体措施来实现“辩证乌托邦”。大卫·哈维的“辩证乌托邦”虽立足于“历史—地理唯物主义”,结合“时间—空间辩证法”,但它像之前的乌托邦理想一样没有逃出抽象思辨的宿命,且由于未彻底坚持马克思主义关于生产力与生产关系的观点和阶级斗争的观点导致其有修正主义和唯心改良主义的嫌疑。     

利用历史课堂培育学生人文素养分析

布鲁赫认为：“从本质上看，历史学的对象是人。还是让我们把它称为‘人学’吧”，“历史学所要掌握的正是人类，做不到这一点，充其量只是博学的把戏而已。”建立在历史学基础上的历史教育必然要关注“人”，彰显“人的本质”，这正是人文教育的特质所在。     

《呼兰河传》的叙事策略及其文化意味

本文拟从《呼兰河传》的叙事策略切入，仅就叙事人称、叙事与隐喻、叙事与幽默、讽刺等方面探讨3中所蕴含的文化意味。我们先看叙事人称。在叙事中对于人称的选择是基于对叙事文本的总体效果和全盘结构的考虑，同时人称的变化也关系到作者与读者之间的对话方式。《呼兰河传》共分七章，另有一尾声。第一、二章用的是第三人称，从第三章起一直到尾声用的是第一人称。第三人称最大的特点是“非人格性”，它不能象第一人称“我”那样总是作为某个具体人物“直接”地出现于作品之中，这种非人格性给叙述者带来了极大的便利，它能够灵活自如地周…     

泛爱情时代的真爱乌托邦--论真爱文本的生产与分裂

以怀旧青春电影、真人秀相亲节目和浪漫言情电视剧为主要内容的真爱文本的流行,是当下的重要文化现象之一。真爱文本建构了美好的爱情图景,但文本叙事的失效使其成为乌托邦幻象。大众文化所建构、呈现的欲望化、合理化社会倾向以及个性表征的表面化,改写了现代性所确立的真爱话语的内涵,其对于现实爱情经验的影响和重塑,是真爱文本进行乌托邦想象的动力。改写、置换现实语境是真爱乌托邦的内在话语策略,由此造成了虚幻的真爱想象对真实爱情体验的压抑和取代。     

浅论大学教育理念重构与校园文化建设

教育可概分为两大类:一是“大学”之学,作用于人性的完善和社会文明的进步,一是“小学”之学,作用于获取现实利益和促进社会的富有,二者有机贯通与整合,构成完整的教育理念。中国高等教育思维中有重实用、技能、职业的导向,忽视了“使人成为人的教育”的本质。大学教育理念的重构和人文素质教育的提高,责无旁贷地落到校园文化建设上来。     

人文精神与乌托邦情结──对人文精神的哲学反思

在目前学界关于人文精神的热烈争论中，自觉或不自觉地透露出一种乌托邦主义的倾向，这是人文精神探寻中的“乌托邦情结”．它有三种表现形式：一是道德浪漫主义倾向；二是人文知识分子的精英主义倾向；三是与人们的现实生活世界相脱节的倾向。哲学中的唯理论信念是乌托邦情结的最根本的理论基石和思想预设、这一唯理论哲学经历了两大发展阶段：一是在现象界背后设定不动的本体和实体的本体形而上学；二是以给定的主体与客体的二元对立为前提，又要统一二者的主体形而上学。唯理论哲学的根本失误在于它对人们现实生活世界的否定和对“另一个世界”的执着和迷狂，由此而成为把人文精神的追求导向乌托邦主义的一个重大理论根源。它具体表现为认识论上的客观主义、生在论的真善一体论和人性论中忽视人之有限性的倾向。而超越了人文精神追求中的这种马托邦情结之后，我们要营造新的人文精神。新人文精神不是排它独断的，不是要消除多极的存在，而是对多样性价值的尊重与宽容。     

人-实践-历史--《德意志意识形态》的内在逻辑

马克思、恩格斯所创立的“新唯物主义”———历史唯物主义 ,其“新”就新在从人的观点、实践的观点和历史的观点相统一的基础上 ,科学地理解和解释了“人”、“实践”、“历史”各自的真实内涵 ,从而合理地把握和解决了历史唯物主义得以建立的真切前提、真实基础和真正本质 ,并自觉地形成了“人—实践—历史”相统一的解释逻辑。在它的视野中 ,“人—实践—历史”三者是相互阐释、内在统一的     

从“一个人的战争”中突围——论林白小说的叙事转型

以《一个人的战争》为代表的林白早期作品,在叙事上自我意识强烈,“作者”姿态张扬,将某种自传性质的笔触伸向女性内部世界,用女性话语彻底覆盖男性话语。然而这又将陷入女性极端自恋的境地,使女性退回封闭的自我空间,在女性乌托邦的理想王国里进行着“一个人的战争”。十年后的《妇女闲聊录》,以一个乡村妇女传达出的民间世界观造就了林白在叙事上的转型,林白淡化了女性性别屏蔽意识,避免了叙事上的格式化,从知识分子“精英意识”走向“民众意识”,终于从“一个人的战争”中突围了。     

叙事治疗理论及其社会工作实践

叙事治疗已成为当下比较流行的社会工作实践新范式,其主要理论基础是后现代主义的社会建构主义。社会建构主义认为人们的周围存在着多重的现实,视乎人们以怎样的方式进行建构。叙事疗法则在这种理论的指导下,使人们解构他们生活现实和关系的意义,并指出现实和内化的自我故事之间的差异,从而帮助人们解决问题。本文首先回顾了叙事治疗的理论渊源,总结叙事治疗理论的主要观点,并介绍了其在青少年社会工作和家庭社会工作中的运用,在此基础上提出相应评析。     

明清白话小说中的过继叙事探析

过继叙事作为明清白话小说中相对独立的叙事单元，对小说的艺术表现起到了重要作用。过继叙事不仅是推动小说故事展开的动力和营造传奇效果的艺术手段，在发掘与之相关人物的隐秘心理及形象塑造上也起到了独特作用。另外，过继叙事在小说中的频繁出现，也反映了当时人对现实生活中过继关系的焦虑。明清白话小说中大量有关继子“复姓归宗”的叙述，在很大程度上可以看作是一种通过文学虚构平复心理焦虑的“需要”。     

Terrorism and Probability Neglect

When strong emotions are involved, people tend to focus on the badness of the outcome, rather than on the probability that the outcome will occur. The resulting “probability neglect” helps to explain excessive reactions to low-probability risks of catastrophe. Terrorists show a working knowledge of probability neglect, producing public fear that might greatly exceed the discounted harm. As a result of probability neglect, people often are far more concerned about the risks of terrorism than about statistically larger risks that they confront in ordinary life. In the context of terrorism and analogous risks, the legal system frequently responds to probability neglect, resulting in regulation that might be unjustified or even counterproductive. But public fear is itself a cost, and it is associated with many other costs, in the form of “ripple effects” produced by fear. As a normative matter, government should reduce even unjustified fear, if the benefits of the response can be shown to outweigh the costs.     

Psychological Weil-Being Among Unemployed and Employed People After a Company Closedown: A Longitudinal Study

In a three-year longitudinal study, we examined the effects of unemployment and the fear of becoming unemployed on the psychological well-being of 1153 employees at a shipyard that was closed down, and a control group of 441 employees from another, operative shipyard. On all three questionnaires, unemployed people were significantly lower in psychological well-being than employed people. Change to or from employment was significantly associated with changes in psychological well-being, whereas remaining employed or unemployed did not lead to any systematic changes in psychological well-being. Among employed people, the fear of unemployment was strongly associated with reduced psychological well-being. Thus, the health-related consequences of unemployment affect not only the unemployed but also employed people who have little job security. Consequently, we stress the need to create new workplaces and to implement reforms that can reduce job insecurity in the labor market.     

Lesbian and Gay Elders and Long-Term Care: Identifying the Unique Psychosocial Perspectives and Challenges

This qualitative study of lesbian and gay elders seeks to identify the psychosocial challenges this community faces regarding long-term care. Two focus groups were conducted among 16 gay elders in community and long-term care settings. Participants reported fear of being rejected or neglected by healthcare providers, particularly personal care aides; fear of not being accepted and respected by other residents; fear of having to go back into the closet if placed in long-term care; and a preference for gay-friendly care. Participants suggested staff training to promote acceptance and respect for gay people, and favorably perceived gay-specific and gay-friendly living arrangements.     

Confronting Immigration Myths with the Reality: A Necessary Perspective for Culturally Grounded Social Work Practice

ABSTRACT

The aim of this article is to address the most common myths about immigration in the United States. Similar to the anti-immigrant sentiment of the 1800s, the immigration debate today is filled with misinformation and fear-inducing tactics. This misinformation colors the perspective of many, promoting a culture of xenophobia and fear of anyone who is foreign born. By reframing the often unchallenged narrative that immigration to the United States is a problem and in addressing some of the most common myths, social workers will be better equipped to engage in well-informed, balanced dialogue on this hotly debated topic.     

Narratives of Promise,Narratives of Caution: A Review of the Literature on Social Impact Bonds

Social Impact Bonds (SIBs) are a new mechanism for delivering public services. This article reviews the emerging SIB literature in high‐income settings. It identifies three distinct narratives: a public sector reform narrative; a financial sector reform narrative; and a cautionary narrative. These are analyzed relative to three themes: public versus private values; outcomes contracting; and risk allocation. The first two narratives are complementary and offer a ‘win‐win’ portrayal of SIBs. The third narrative challenges this dominant commentary by highlighting potential risks. There is limited empirical evidence on active SIBs to support these narratives. SIBs may have the potential to align public and private interests while improving outcomes for people affected by entrenched social problems, but this is yet to be established and appears less probable than the third more cautionary narrative. More empirical research is needed to consider the potential risks, drawbacks, benefits and alternatives of SIBs in different settings.     

The home visit in child protection social work: Emotion as resource and risk for professional judgement and practice

This article conceptualises the role of emotion in social work home visits. It draws on findings from a qualitative study of initial child protection home visits in the United Kingdom. The research used narrative interviews and focus groups to examine how emotions arising from visits were registered in social workers' narratives. These visits were often challenging; social workers needed to manage their own emotions and those of the family, while at the same time investigating concerns and assessing need. This article identifies seven key emotional experiences associated with the home visit from the perspective of the social worker: going into the unknown; being intrusive; being disliked; fear of harm to self; fear of causing or allowing harm; pain, disgust, and distress; and “absorbing” emotion. It is argued that emotion plays a central role in home visiting and that professionals' emotional responses have important implications for the way they make sense of, and manage, home visits. Emotion is therefore conceptualized as both a potential resource and risk for social workers' professional judgement and practice.     

Television Characterizations of Homeless People in the United Kingdom

Media link events in society into meaningful plotlines for public consumption. For social issues such as homelessness this storytelling process continues until an issue is resolved or another concern takes precedence. This article investigates British Independent Television News ¹ (ITN) portrayals of homelessness from January 1993 to December 2002 ( n = 99). News items are explored as instalments in a larger news narrative through which the public is offered engagements with homeless characters. A quantitative content analysis was used to establish the general prevalence of items throughout the year, story locations, causes and solutions offered for homelessness, and character roles. A qualitative narrative analysis was used to explore the function of these story elements in the overall patterning of the ITN story of homelessness. Of particular note was the promotion of a philanthropic approach to service delivery through the characterization of homeless people as needy victims and the maintenance of estranged relationships between the viewing public and homeless people. The significance of ITN's exclusion of homeless people from public deliberations regarding their needs is discussed in relation to the failure of this wealthy nation to resolve homelessness.     

Abstracts

A burgeoning literature on narrative identity has emerged during the last decades simultaneously with a “performative turn” in the methodology of qualitative social research; both changes indicate a move away from the paradigm of “representation” that emphasizes linear and singular interpretation of “facts” and toward an acknowledgment of the complexity of the social world preferring a dialogic space, open for multiple interpretations and voices. This article aims to explicate how a nonrepresentational narrative stage performance, “We Are All the Same,” by a group of people who had suffered from mental illness opened up space that made transformation possible.