供应商参与、专用性投资与新产品开发绩效关系研究

本文构建了一个供应商参与、专用性投资与制造商新产品开发绩效的理论模型。以往的实证研究大多将专用性投资视作供应商参与的解释变量,本文认为专用性投资是供应商同制造商合作过程中逐步累积形成的互补性资产,提出供应商参与对专用性投资有正向影响的研究假设。实证研究结果发现,供应商能力、制造商对供应商的信任对供应商参与有显著正向影响,制造商对供应商的控制能力、供应商参与对专用性投资有显著正向影响,供应商参与、专用性投资对制造商的新产品开发绩效有显著正向影响。     

组织内部信任、知识共享和组织绩效的影响关系研究综述

国内外关于组织信任、知识共享和组织绩效的研究取得了许多有价值的成果。但是,已有研究也存在一些问题。主要表现在:关于组织内信任的研究关注更多的是组织内的人际信任,而对组织内的系统信任的研究较少;关于组织内部信任与组织绩效二者关系的实证研究相对较少,能否直接在组织内部信任、知识共享和组织绩效三者之间建立联系也尚未得出明确结论。     

网络环境下客户参与对产品开发绩效的影响研究-以我国软件企业为例

本研究以网络环境为背景,回顾了客户参与和产品开发绩效方面的研究成果.根据对中国软件企业的调查结果,利用结构方程模型(SEM),分析了客户网上参与和产品开发绩效之间的关系.研究发现:虚拟客户参与平台(VCE)的设计特征、客户知识管理能力、客户网上参与强度都对产品开发绩效有直接正向影响;虚拟客户参与平台的设计特征还通过客户网上参与强度、客户知识管理能力对产品开发绩效有间接正向影响,而客户特性和产品开发绩效之间关系不显著.研究结论为提高企业产品开发绩效提供了实践指导意义.     

自我牺牲型领导对员工知识共享的作用机制

知识共享能够提高组织创新能力和增强组织可持续性竞争优势。直接领导者作为组织的代理人,其领导行为或方式应会显著影响员工知识共享的意愿,但以往鲜有研究对此议题进行实证探讨。本研究采用214份上司—下属配对调查数据,考察了自我牺牲型领导对员工知识共享的影响效果,尤其是领导信任的中介作用和员工传统性的调节作用。层次回归分析的结果表明:(1)自我牺牲型领导对员工知识共享具有显著的正向预测效果;(2)领导信任在自我牺牲型领导与员工知识共享之间起完全中介作用;(3)员工传统性对自我牺牲型领导与员工的领导信任之间的关系具有显著的调节效应,员工传统性越高,二者之间的正向关系越弱。     

大股东对经理人信任、控制机制与企业新产品开发绩效的实证研究

分析大股东对经理人信任如何影响企业新产品开发绩效,并对比不同控制方式下,信任对新产品开发影响的差异。基于150家制造企业的实证研究表明,大股东对经理人越信任,越有利于企业新产品开发绩效的提高;大股东对经理人信任通过促进企业家导向,间接作用于企业新产品开发绩效;财务控制倒U型调节信任与新产品开发之间的关系;战略控制正向调节信任与企业家导向之间的关系。     

新产品开发过程中的外部参与对企业绩效的影响

基于资源依赖理论、社会资本理论、创新搜索理论和信息处理理论,探讨新产品开发过程中的供应商参与和客户参与对企业绩效不同维度(运作绩效和财务绩效)的影响作用以及IT能力的调节效应.利用176家中国制造企业的调研数据,采用多元线性回归和调节效应的检验方法对研究假设进行实证检验.研究结果表明,供应商参与对企业财务绩效有显著的正向影响,对企业运作绩效的影响不显著;客户参与对企业运作绩效和财务绩效的提升都有显著的推动作用;IT能力正向调节供应商参与与企业财务绩效之间的关系.     

人际信任、制度信任与农民环境治理参与意愿——以农业废弃物资源化为例

本文以农业废弃物资源化为例,探讨了人际信任、制度信任对农民环境治理参与意愿的影响。研究发现:(1)人际信任、制度信任在农民农业废弃物资源化利用的决策中发挥着显著促进作用,这一结论在用主成分分析法构造信任变量、剔除老年人样本或控制村庄固定效应之后依然成立。(2)人际信任、制度信任对男性农民、女性农民农业废弃物资源化参与意愿均表现出显著正效应;随着农民文化程度、收入水平的改善,人际信任对其参与意愿的影响逐渐不显著,制度信任则依旧能发挥作用。(3)村级治理机制在环境治理方面发挥的作用不尽人意。上述研究结论有助于理解新常态下农民参与环境治理的影响机制,丰富了相关领域的学术文献,并对推进我国循环农业建设具有借鉴意义。     

企业智力资本对供应商参与新产品开发影响关系的实证研究

供应商参与新产品开发（supplier involvement new productdevelopment,SINPD）已成为企业获得研发成功的重要合作方式。本文通过探索性因素分析提取影响SINPD的主因素,发现企业智力资本在其中发挥了特殊作用,并验证了SINPD的管理、企业间信任与承诺在智力资本影响SINPD关系中的中介效应。运用结构方程模型进行假设检验和路经分析,研究结果表明企业智力资本各因子选择性地影响了供应商参与NPD,即：关系资本对供应商参与具有直接积极影响,人力资本通过企业间信任与承诺对供应商参与具有间接促进作用,而组织资本对供应商参与NPD产生了反向作用,供应商参与对NPD短期和长期绩效有显著的积极影响。本文研究结论对于理解、解释我国企业的SINPD状况具有启发意义,为进一步探究SINPD的影响机理提供新的思路。     

大股东参与度、战略共识与企业突破式创新的实证研究

基于股东能动主义观点和行为视角的治理理论,研究大股东参与行为影响企业突破式创新的作用路径;比较分析在不同股东与经理人之间信任水平下,大股东参与度影响企业突破式创新绩效的差异。运用150家企业的调研数据进行研究,发现大股东参与度正向影响企业突破式创新绩效;大股东参与度通过促进股东与经理人之间的战略共识间接作用于企业突破式创新绩效;大股东与经理人之间信任关系正向调节大股东参与度与战略共识之间的关系。     

政府支持、信任与供应链外部整合的关系研究

当前学术界对于影响供应链整合的因素、这些因素如何影响到供应链整合的研究相对匮乏。本研究则以广东省珠三角地区251家制造业为调查对象,构建了政府支持、信任与供应链外部整合之间关系的理论模型,以结构方程为工具,对政府支持、客户信任、供应商信任、客户整合、供应商整合之间的关系进行了实证研究。研究结果表明,政府支持对客户信任、供应商信任均有显著的正向影响;政府支持对客户整合、供应商整合也均有显著的影响;信任对供应链外部整合具有显著的正向影响;此外,政府支持会以信任为中介,间接地对供应链外部整合产生影响,本研究弥补了我国情境下制度与信任因素对供应链整合影响相关研究的空缺,研究结果对我国制造业进行高效供应链整合具有一定的启发意义。     

企业网络中的信任机制及信任差异性分析

在网络式组织日益凸现的今天,信任被认为是企业之间合作的基础性建构,相互信任既是网络成员间互利互惠的需要,更是网络健康成长必不可少的行为路径和治理机制。本文对已有的信任观点做了比较、评价之后,在认知、情感以及行为三个维度上重新构建了信任理解的框架,并探讨了信任与合作、人际信任与组织间信任之间的关系;在对信任进行了净功能分析的基础之上,系统地讨论了信任差异性问题。     

B2C环境下影响消费者网上初始信任因素的实证分析

消费者对网站缺乏信任已经成为电子商务发展的一个主要障碍。如何采取有效措施来建立网民对网站的初始信任是当前亟待解决的问题。本文假设五个因素,即网站的有用性、网站的易用性、商家声誉、网站安全和消费者信任倾向会影响消费者对网站的初始信任的建立。同时,假定消费者的初始信任直接影响消费者网上购物的动机。通过采用SEM软件进行实证分析,证明了上述假设。     

Trust in leadership: A multi-level review and integration

Leaders have been argued to play a key role in determining organizational effectiveness across all levels (e.g., individual, team, unit) that exist within organizations. A key component in a leader's ability to be effective within such environments is the degree to which subordinates and co-workers trust him/her. Therefore, it is not surprising that researchers and practitioners alike are interested in identifying the mechanisms through which trust in leadership can be developed as well as those factors which moderate this relationship [e.g., Gillespie, N. A., Mann, L. (2004). Transformational leadership and shared values: The building blocks of trust. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 19, 588–607; Kouzes and Posner, 1995; Roberts, K. H., O'Reilly, C. A. (1974). Failures in upward communication in organizations: Three possible culprits. Academy of Management Journal, 17, 205–215; Whitener, E. M. (1997). The impact of human resource activities on employee trust. Human Resource Management Review, 7, 389–404]. Despite this, research that has addressed the factors that foster trust in leaders and the outcomes of this trust has been disjointed and, as yet, no comprehensive model has been presented to systematically examine these factors. Therefore, the purpose of this article will be to present an integrative model of trust in leadership.     

Follower reactions to leader trust violations: A grounded theory of violation types,likelihood of recovery,and recovery process

This paper explores how trust is violated and restored in the leader–follower relationship by analyzing rich stories in everyday trust violation situations. The results suggest a dichotomy of how violations affect trust and its propensity for repair. Recoverable violations are common occurrences from which trust can be recovered, although repeated instances of this type can destroy trust beyond recovery. The process of recovery involves leaders first openly discussing the violation(s) and then providing plans to avoid future violations. Conversely, irrecoverable trust violations destroy trust to such a degree that it cannot be restored and followers withdraw from the relationship. The study advances our understanding of trust violations by showing that recoverable violations include violations based on integrity, competence, and benevolence. Additionally, the typology of trust violations in these unique relationships promotes further investigation.     

Refuting the cliché of the distrustful manager

Although trust is fundamental to social and organizational functioning, the media often portray managers as distrusting, suggesting that distrust of others is a typical personality variable of successful leaders. This study puts the cliché of the distrustful manager to the test. Both self-report data (N = 32,926) and behavioral data (N = 924) from the German Socio-Economic Panel refute this cliché. Analyses reveal that individuals in managerial positions neither show a lower level of trust before, nor a systematic reduction in trust after attaining such positions. Moreover, analyses demonstrate that managers are generally more trusting than non-managers. This selection effect implies that individuals who trust others are more successful in achieving managerial positions than their less trusting counterparts.     

Why do users trust algorithms? A review and conceptualization of initial trust and trust over time

Algorithms are increasingly playing a pivotal role in organizations' day-to-day operations; however, a general distrust of artificial intelligence-based algorithms and automated processes persists. This aversion to algorithms raises questions about the drivers that lead managers to trust or reject their use. This conceptual paper aims to provide an integrated review of how users experience the encounter with AI-based algorithms over time. This is important for two reasons: first, their functional activities change over the course of time through machine learning; and second, users' trust develops with their level of knowledge of a particular algorithm. Based on our review, we propose an integrative framework to explain how users’ perceptions of trust change over time. This framework extends current understandings of trust in AI-based algorithms in two areas: First, it distinguishes between the formation of initial trust and trust over time in AI-based algorithms, and specifies the determinants of trust in each phase. Second, it links the transition between initial trust in AI-based algorithms and trust over time to representations of the technology as either human-like or system-like. Finally, it considers the additional determinants that intervene during this transition phase.     

人际信任对知识转移的影响机制:一个整合的框架

如何促进知识在组织中有效转移,已成为众多企业管理者和理论研究人员关注的热点。本文对相关研究文献的观点进行综合分析,将人际信任对知识转移产生促进作用的途径(提高知识转移的意愿和降低知识转移的难度)和作用的方式(直接作用和间接作用)作为两个不同的维度,构建了一个逻辑框架。该框架揭示了人际信任是通过四种不同类型的作用模式来促进知识转移的。通过对这四种作用类型的成因与产生条件的分析,本文将过去各种孤立存在的观点联系起来,从而为人们理解、研究人际信任如何促进知识转移提供了一个新的视角。     

Workplace trust as a mechanism of employee (dis)advantage: The case of employee socioeconomic status

Early work on trust in social science highlighted how the lack of trust between individuals can cause social division, contribute to social stratification, and reduce economic opportunities for people from all social groups. We integrate this work with organizational research on antecedents of trust to generate predictions explaining when and why low employee socioeconomic status (SES) can be a barrier to trust. We discuss how this process can impair the success of both organizations as well as their lower-SES employees. We present a model, and data, suggesting that lower-SES employees will be both more distrusted as well as more distrustful relative to their higher-SES colleagues. This, in turn, locks them out of potentially advantageous social and economic exchanges. Our theory adds precision in detecting when and why lower-SES employees face barriers to success in organizations, as well as provides a blueprint for studying the impact of trust on socially disadvantaged groups in organizations.     

Do trust and distrust in coopetition matter to performance?

It is widely acknowledged that firms intensely engage in coopetition (i.e., simultaneous cooperation and competition) and obtain unique benefits from such relationships. However, limited knowledge exists about how and when coopetition intensity leads to superior performance. Building on the theoretical work documenting that both trust and distrust are critical for enhancing performance in interfirm relationships, we address the aforementioned gap by looking into the distinct yet beneficial roles of trust and distrust in coopetition. More specifically, we argue that whereas trust likely serves as an intervening mechanism through which coopetition intensity enhances relationship performance, distrust positively influences the association between coopetition intensity and relationship performance. We test our hypotheses on a sample of 225 Swedish firms engaged in coopetition, and provide empirical evidence that trust and distrust play distinct yet important roles in achieving superior performance from coopetition.     

The effect of trust on international joint venture performance in China

The role of trust between the parent companies of international joint ventures (IJVs) is re-examined, and it is suggested that trust between parents is not only a major predictor of the achievement of financial and non-financial goals by IJVs as reported in the literature, but also moderates the relationship between IJV performance and certain contextual factors.Based on the responses of senior executives of IJVs and their parent companies in China, it is confirmed that trust influences IJV performance. The moderating effects of trust on the relationships between IJV performance and local reliance and the experience of executives were confirmed for the senior executive sample, but the moderating effect of cultural distance was not consistent between the firm-level and country-level measures. There was no significant result regarding these moderating relationships for the parent sample, except local reliance.