依托创新创业孵化园构建“三位一体”的大学生创业教育体系

创业创新孵化园在培养创新创业主体方面了做了重大贡献,它能够促进我国高新技术产业成果实现产业化、商品化。依托此类创业创新孵化园建立的"三位一体"大学生创业教育体系兼有孵化、培训、模拟实践、教育功能,这能够帮助大学生进行自主创业,缓解了社会就业压力,提高了大学生创业能力,在培育创新型人才方面起到了积极的作用。     

“三全育人”背景下中医药院校创新创业教育

高校创新创业教育旨在培养大学生的创新创业精神和实践能力,是"双创"和"三全育人"背景下提升学生综合素质,促进高校创业就业率的重要举措。医学院校,尤其是中医类院校学生的培养目标、模式、与专业的融合度等方面都与一般综合性院校存在差异。中医药院校要将提高学生创新创业素质和能力作为高校专业型人才培养的重要目标,以创新教学方式为重点构建规范化教学实施体系,打造特色创新创业教育课堂,整合校内外资源,构建多元化教育保障服务体系,发挥中医药专业独特优势,积极探索构建一个"全程化"的医学院校大学生创新创业教育培养模式。     

双创时代大学生自主创业的困境与出路研究

"双创"时代来临,大学生创业已经成为一股热潮,各高校纷纷开展了大学生创业教育和实践,大学生也积极响应号召,开始自己的创业实践。但在创业方向不明确、创业能力不足、创业条件有限、创业资金不足、创业心理准备不足的情况下,大学生创业成功率很低。对此,高校应在差异化创业人才培养,改革创业教育,提供真正有意义的创业指导三方面作出调整,助力双创时代大学生自主创业。     

大学生创业的现实困境与突破路径

创新创业是我国的核心战略,打造推动创新创业高质量发展的"双创"升级版是2018年9月国务院提出的最新指示。通过对浙江省杭州市下沙高教园区7所高校350位大学生的调研发现,当前大学生创业主要呈现出"一高两低"现象,即有创业意愿的学生比率高、有创业意愿的学生到实施创业行为的转化率低、开展创业实践的大学生创业成功率低。创业机会缺失、创业资源缺乏、创业能力短缺是大学生创业质量不高的主要原因,高校应从教育理念、教学体系、支持服务体系等方面开展社会创业教育,以期实现高校创业教育高质量发展。     

“互联网+”时代高校指导大学生创业模式选择的探究

在"大众创业,万众创新"的时代背景下,伴随着政府政策引导与社会观念的转变,大学生的就业方向和道路也悄然发生转变,高校大学毕业生们的创业意识正在被唤醒,创业热情空前高昂。高校如何应对当下大学生创业热潮,并给予他们最需要的创业理论和知识方面支持,这已经成为当下专家们研究的一大热点。本文通过对大学生当前创业模式与创业指导的现状问题调查,分析高校在对大学生进行创业指导过程中应遵循的原则,以期提高高校学生创业成功率,推进高校"双创"工作持续有活力的开展。     

应用技术型高校创新创业教育体系构建探索——以天津理工大学中环信息学院为例

党和国家高度重视高校创新创业教育工作,相继出台多个文件以促进大学生创新创业。本文以天津理工大学中环信息学院为例,分析了高校创新创业体系的现状及未来发展设想,并以天津理工大学中环信息学院众创空间建设为例,探讨了高校创业教育实践平台建设的一系列问题。     

大学生就业创业教育体系研究——以吉林省土木类专业大学生为例

吉林省土木类专业建设较为成熟,在全国掀起"双创"热潮的背景下,吉林省的土木工程类专业建设也必然要加入这一行列,但解决就业创业体系的系统性是一个问题。拟从职业规划、人才培养、指导团队角度进行研究,以吉林省土木类专业为例探讨在"双创"背景之下大学生就业创业教育体系的建设。     

“实践育人共同体”视阈下大学生创新创业教育模式的探索与实践——以广东工业大学为例

当前,在"大众创业,万众创新"的浪潮下,高校不断探索创新创业的教育模式。"实践育人共同体"视阈下的大学生创新创业教育模式体系要求整合各方面资源,充分调动学校、政府、企业和社会的力量共同参与到构建大学生创新创业教育模式的全过程。本文以广东工业大学大学生创新创业教育模式为例,探究"实践育人共同体"下高校创新创业工作顺利开展的主要路径。     

高校大学生创新创业教育体系的构建策略研究

高校创新创业教育作为适应建设创新型国家的教育模式,其在实施过程中面临着大学生创新创业意识淡薄、创新创业课程体系不完善、创新创业师资队伍匮乏、协同育人机制较弱诸多问题。因此,笔者从大学生创业创新教育的目标体系、课程体系、师资队伍建设、实践运行平台和保障体系上提出构建地方高校大学生创新创业体系的有效对策,切实提高创新创业教育体系的建设。     

大学生“双创”教育及“双创型”人才培养模式研究

在创业的过程中,往往需要一些创新型人才提出新颖的点子,经由验证其可行性,找到商机并创造财富。可见,创新型人才在推动经济发展的过程中起到非常重要的作用。当今,国家将人才培养的重心放在大学生身上,通过实施"双创"教育培养大学生的创新创业能力。"双创"教育即创新创业,尽管开展了一段时间,但大多数高校对此重视度没有提高,远没有达到预期效果。为此,本文将针对大学生"双创"教育过程中存在的问题,试图寻求更利于人才培养的模式,为社会输送更多"双创型"人才。     

高校辅导员专业化和职业化的制约因素

高校辅导员专业化培养和职业化发展既是高校提高大学生思想政治教育有效性和辅导员队伍适应高校教育改革的要求,也是辅导员自身发展的需要。面对当前辅导员队伍呈现管理强而教育弱、工作范畴的全职型而非专业型和缺乏相关学科专业背景知识的实际状况,高校应明确辅导员工作职责、对辅导员工作进行专业划分、建立以综合能力为主的高校辅导员提升内容及评价体系、开展学生工作的学科建设和科学研究、制定切实可行的辅导员专业技术职务评定体系,为辅导员专业化和职业化铺平道路。     

College students' perceptions of risk and addictiveness of e-cigarettes and cigarettes

Background: As conventional cigarette use is declining, electronic cigarette (“e-cigarette”) use is rising and is especially high among college students. Few studies examine dual use of e-cigarettes and cigarettes among this population. This study explores the relationship between dual and exclusive e-cigarette / cigarette use and perceptions of harm and addictiveness of both products. Methods: This is a cross-sectional analysis of data from students attending 24 colleges in Texas (n=5,482). Multinomial logistic regression was employed to test the association between current e-cigarette / cigarette use and perceived harm and addictiveness of both products. Three tobacco groups were included: cigarette only users, e-cigarette only users, and dual users. Results: Dual users reported lower perceived harm of e-cigarettes most consistently (p<0.001, all comparisons). Perceived harm of cigarettes was significantly lower among cigarette only and dual users only, compared to non-users (p<0.001, all comparisons). Compared to non-users, all three groups reported significantly lower perceived addictiveness of e-cigarettes (p<0.001, all comparisons). The same finding was observed for perceived addictiveness of cigarettes, though findings were less consistent for the e-cigarette only group (p<0.02, all comparisons except one). Conclusion: Findings demonstrate that among college students, perceptions of harm and addictiveness of e-cigarettes are lower than those for conventional cigarettes. For both products, perceptions of harm and addictiveness were lower among exclusive and dual users, compared to non-users.     

Acceptance and Caregiving of Married and Divorced Custodial Mothers and Fathers

The study examined whether differences in gender and family status affect parental caregiving disposition and acceptance of children among parents of children in mid-childhood. The number of participants were 122 divorced-custodial fathers, 107 married fathers, 85 divorced-custodial mothers, and 82 married mothers (n?=?398). A comparison among four groups of parents revealed the following gender differences: mothers scored higher on anxious caregiving and parental acceptance than fathers, and lower on avoidant caregiving. Regression analysis indicated that the higher the caregiving avoidance or anxiety, the lower the parental acceptance. Family status moderated parental acceptance, as avoidant caregiving was associated with reduced parental acceptance among married parents, but not among divorced custodial parents. The finding that avoidant caregiving was not associated with reduced acceptance among divorced custodial parents implies that their parental acceptance behaviors toward their children are affected by their parental status as sole custodial parent, and the associated responsibilities, rather than by gender.     

Powerlessness and Abuse and Neglect of Older Adults

ABSTRACT

This article is a qualitative study which addresses the interacting relationship between the environmental context of care giving and abuse and neglect of older adults. These are examined through a thematic content analysis of risk factors identified in sixteen ‘in depth’ interviews of abused and neglected victims including two of their abusers. The interviews provide a portrait of their past and present situations, their roles and relationships and the process through which the interviewees move into their described process of powerlessness.

The interviewees are analysed through a critical, systemic, ecological analysis of the historical, gender and cultural perspectives of the interviewees. Through the relationships of the victims and their abusers in the macro, meso, exo and micro systems, questions are raised about the growing debate regarding changes in family patterns and demographics that affect how societies define the provision of care to their dependent adults. They demonstrate that violence is produced by complex interacting systems and significant events, that impact on the life courses of some older adults and some care givers leading them into powerless positions and resulting in abuse and neglect.     

Similarity and Complementarity of Behavioral Profiles of Friendship Types and Types of Friends: Friendships and Psychosocial Adjustment

This study investigated different types of friendships and the behavioral profiles of different types of friends in relation to individual adjustment. In 102 classes with preadolescents (mean age 11), 737 independent friendship dyads, and in 149 classes with adolescents (mean age 14), 1,102 friendship dyads were identified. At each age group, cluster analyses on the behavioral profiles of the dyads yielded three friendship types, with two types of friends within each friendship type: Socially Withdrawn friendship (Victimized Withdrawn and Prosocial Withdrawn friends), Prosocial friendship (High Prosocial and Less Prosocial friends), and Antisocial friendship (Bullying Antisocial and Antisocial friends). The behavioral profiles of the two friends in Prosocial friendships were marked by similarity and in the other two types by complementarity. Both Victimized Withdrawn and Bullying Antisocial friends were less adjusted than participants without friends while Prosocial friends were more adjusted.     

The Co-Evolution of Marriage and Parental Rights of Gays and Lesbians

ABSTRACT

Historically, federal and state legislation placed different conditions on same- and opposite-sex couples' ability to marry, adopt, or exercise their parental rights. Given the historical intertwining of marriage and parenting, legal issues remain hinged on differing conceptions of marriage and what constitutes a legal family in the United States, especially for same-sex partners compared to their different-sexed couple counterparts. This article provides a historical review of decisions that serve as the foundation for queer parenting rights in the United States. A key focus is on the impact of the U.S. Supreme Court Obergefell v. Hodges (2015) marriage decision on queer parenting and its relevance to researchers and practitioners whose work involves queer families. State discrepancies continue to exist for the treatment of parental rights in spite of the legalization of same-sex marriage. Finally, suggestions are provided for future directions for the field.     

Parenting Responses and Parenting Goals of Mothers and Fathers of Adolescents

We extended on previous work by examining the contextual nature of parenting goals in mothers and fathers of adolescents. We also examined dyadic parenting similarity in parenting responses and parenting goals. Participants were 285 primarily professional (48.6%), White (82.7%) parents of adolescents aged 14 to 17 years old (mothers n = 213, fathers n = 68, dyads n = 43). Results of a 2 × 2 × 6 MANCOVA indicated that parenting goals were influenced by characteristics of the situation but not by parent or adolescent gender. There was dyadic parenting similarity for parenting responses and dyadic similarity for parenting goals. The implications of these findings for parenting interventions and future parenting research using within family comparisons are discussed.