少数民族旅游村寨家庭旅馆建设现状分析——以丹巴县家庭旅馆为例

随着乡村旅游在我国的蓬勃发展,拥有丰富自然、文化资源以及浓厚民族风情的少数民族地区在乡村旅游的发展过程中更具优势。物美价廉、温馨的家庭氛围、优美的自然环境、独具特色的服务、浓郁的民族特色等吸引了越来越多的旅游者。但是,在各地兴起的家庭旅馆中,有的地方十分兴旺,有的地方却遭受冷落,存在的问题不少。本文通过对丹巴县甲居藏寨、梭坡乡当地家庭旅馆业主、政府管理人员的访谈和文献资料的研究、分析,用实例进一步探讨了我国少数民族地区家庭旅馆建设现状及存在的问题。     

就业信息资源的整合及网络化探究

当前我国就业形势十分严峻,就业信息资源急需得到整合。在信息化得今天,就业信息建设管理前景在于采取数字化网络管理。本文结合计算机技术,网络技术以及管理技术,对就业信息资源平台的建立提出了可实现得模型,并且进行了一定得经济分析与评价。     

网络组织的效率 ———泊松流市场的模型分析

对不确定情况下的服务业网络组织进行研究. 售后服务行业在我国东部大城市已经悄 然出现了一种网络式组织形式,然而其业务量是不确定的,就其面对的市场特点建立了泊松流 模型,用模型对网络组织进行分析,得出网络组织的效率改进主要体现在资产和管理的规模经 济及不确定条件下人员的互补效应.     

基于小波网络的经济时间序列预测模型

本文在小波网络的基础上,利用经济类时间序列的特点,建立通用的经济预测小波网络模型.该网络的权值由广义递推最小二乘法来学习,尺度参数和平移参数通过稳定的Davidon最小二乘法获得.并利用此模型对我国工业发电量加以预测.实际预测结果表明了该模型的先进性和可行性.     

网络组织的效率 ———泊松流市场的模型分析

对不确定情况下的服务业网络组织进行研究.售后服务行业在我国东部大城市已经悄然出现了一种网络式组织形式,然而其业务量是不确定的,就其面对的市场特点建立了泊松流模型,用模型对网络组织进行分析,得出网络组织的效率改进主要体现在资产和管理的规模经济及不确定条件下人员的互补效应.     

基于消费者网络的金融创新扩散研究

研究创新的时间扩散模式对于创新企业来说具有重要意义.基于消费者网络的创新扩散模型,综合考虑创新扩散数据和现实的消费者网络特征,弥补了传统创新时间扩散模型和新兴社会网络仿真研究方法的缺陷.对我国银行卡扩散数据进行实证研究发现:基于消费者网络的创新扩散模型较好地拟合了样本数据;在银行卡扩散中消费者内部的"口碑效应"发挥着重要作用;基于消费者网络的创新扩散模型揭示了各银行卡产品所面对的不同消费者网络拓扑结构,揭示了各产品消费者群体创新采纳的不同内部影响机制,研究结果有益于深入了解金融创新产品扩散的内部规律及制定有针对性的营销策略.     

基于改进Stacking集成算法的网络舆情预警研究

网络舆情已经成为社会民情的重要部分,负面舆情会对社会和国民经济发展产生多方面的不良影响。运用智能机器学习模型构建网络舆情预警系统对于我国政府部门正确引导舆论走向有着至关重要的意义。文章通过构建网络舆情危机预警指标体系,并结合改进Stacking算法,建立网络舆情预警模型,对舆情危机级别进行预测。文章利用该模型进行实证分析,结果表明,该模型具有很好的舆情预警效果,并且相较于传统的Stacking模型准确率更高。     

基于ANP的农信机构客户经理综合评价研究

人员管理水平滞后于业务发展速度已成为制约我国农信机构进一步发展的瓶颈。本文以浙江农信系统内7家银行为研究样本, 通过问卷调查构建符合农信机构特点的客户经理综合评价指标体系;引进网络层次分析法(ANP)解决各指标相互影响且权重难以划分的问题;利用扎根理论和追问访谈验证指标体系的科学性和合理性;最后通过实例测算证明了评价模型的适用性。本文构建的ANP模型为我国农信机构开展客户经理的综合评价、提升管理水平提供了综合的理论框架和实用的技术工具。     

网络口碑对消费者在线行为的影响研究

本研究通过构建线性模型的方法,并采用来自大众点评的数据对模型进行估计发现,口碑数量、口碑评分和负面口碑均能够部分地影响消费者的在线行为,如页面浏览、页面收藏和签到。     

休闲旅游视角下湖南省家庭旅馆发展研究

家庭旅馆作为一种新的旅游接待方式,是现代饭店业的重要组成部分,也是休闲旅游发展的必然要求。笔者首先分析了湖南省家庭旅馆研究的现状,主要考察类型和行业管理两个方面,发现湖南省家庭旅馆发展存在产品缺乏特色、服务项目不完善、行业管理水平偏低等问题;然后,通过研究发现,休闲旅游者具有休闲需求明显增长、注重体验性、个性化特征突出等特点;最后,在此基础上,提出休闲旅游视角下,湖南省家庭旅馆发展应重视选址和整体规划、设计并提供主题产品、提升营销效果、加强行业管理等对策建议。     

Introduction to Special Section on Sensitivity Analysis and Summary of NCSU/USDA Workshop on Sensitivity Analysis

This guest editorial is a summary of the NCSU/USDA Workshop on Sensitivity Analysis held June 11–12, 2001 at North Carolina State University and sponsored by the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Office of Risk Assessment and Cost Benefit Analysis. The objective of the workshop was to learn across disciplines in identifying, evaluating, and recommending sensitivity analysis methods and practices for application to food‐safety process risk models. The workshop included presentations regarding the Hazard Assessment and Critical Control Points (HACCP) framework used in food‐safety risk assessment, a survey of sensitivity analysis methods, invited white papers on sensitivity analysis, and invited case studies regarding risk assessment of microbial pathogens in food. Based on the sharing of interdisciplinary information represented by the presentations, the workshop participants, divided into breakout sessions, responded to three trigger questions: What are the key criteria for sensitivity analysis methods applied to food‐safety risk assessment? What sensitivity analysis methods are most promising for application to food safety and risk assessment? and What are the key needs for implementation and demonstration of such methods? The workshop produced agreement regarding key criteria for sensitivity analysis methods and the need to use two or more methods to try to obtain robust insights. Recommendations were made regarding a guideline document to assist practitioners in selecting, applying, interpreting, and reporting the results of sensitivity analysis.     

Distinguishing traumatic, vicarious and routine operational stressor exposure and attendant adverse consequences in a sample of police officers

Problems in studying occupational stress within the police service are identified and the paucity of work on operational duties as potential stressors are discussed. The present study reports the results of a factor analysis of operational stressors (N = 601 serving British police officers) that revealed three factors: exposure to death and disaster; violence and injury; sexual crime. These were demonstrated to be reliable scales and were included in logistic regression models together with a range of demographic and psychological variables. Models were applied to men and women separately, which showed there to be different predictors of the likelihood of suffering distress (measured by the General Health Questionnaire, GHQ) in terms of the officer's gender and operational role. Overall the model for women officers was better at predicting psychological distress than that for men. These findings are related to aspects of the police occupational culture. Further discussion is offered that conceptualizes police operational stressors as traumatic, routine and vicarious. Finally, some implications are drawn for the provision of stress intervention in the light of this differentiation.     

Criteria for selecting a production control philosophy

Logistic objectives constitute a compromise between having short leadtimes and a low volume of work in progress on the one hand and a high resource loading and due date obligation on the other. Miscellaneous production planning approaches offered today provide different combinations of logistic objectives for satisfying a manufacturing strategy. To combine the strength of the various approaches into a unified system, a new approach based on a dynamic and distributed production planning methodology is proposed. To customize the approach, various analyses and specifications have to be made and for that reason some important characteristics and criteria for analysing production control philosophies will be given.     

The social construction of the meaning of acute stressors: a qualitative study of the personal accounts of police officers using a stress counselling service

The police profession is one in which acute stressors are encountered more frequently than in other occupations. Using the personal accounts of 35 police officers attending an in-house stress counselling clinic, the aim of the present study was to provide a qualitative examination of how the institutional context of policing influenced the ways in which acute stressors signified to individual police officers experiencing felt distress. Using the framework of Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy as an analytical tool, it is argued that beliefs contributing to the experience of felt distress are related to the way in which policing as both an identity and an activity is constructed through the police organizational culture. Not only do these constructions influence the ways in which officers perceive themselves and their environments, but they also operate at the collective level to 'normalize' some emotional responses and to 'pathologize' others which, it is argued, could impact upon the outcomes of interventions such as stress counselling.     

The moderating role of social support in Karasek's job strain model

This paper examines whether social support is a boundary-determining criterion in the job strain model of Karasek (1979). The particular focus is the extent to which different sources of social support, work overload and task control influence job satisfaction, depersonalization and supervisor assessments of work performance. Hypotheses are tested using prospective survey data from 80 clerical staff in a university setting. Results revealed 3-way interactions among levels of support (supervisor, co-worker, non-work), perceived task control and work overload on levels of work performance and employee adjustment (self-report). After controlling for levels of negative affect in all analyses, there was evidence that high levels of supervisor support mitigated against the negative effects of high strain jobs on levels of job satisfaction and reduced reported levels of depersonalization. Moreover, high levels of non-work support and co-worker support also mitigated against the negative effects of high strain jobs on levels of work performance. The results are discussed in terms of the importance of social support networks both at, and beyond, the work context.     

Job insecurity, coping resources and personality dispositions in occupational strain

This paper presents research on the relationships between the work-related stressor of perceived job insecurity and various indicators of occupational strain, taking into account employees' personality dispositions (trait negative and positive affectivity) and coping resources. Respondents were 222 Australian public servants surveyed during organizational restructuring that involved downsizing and threat to job certainty. The research was formulated within an adaptation of Osipow, Doty, and Spokane's (1985) framework of stress-strain-coping that included the possible direct as well as moderating effects of personality dispositions in reporting occupational strain (Parkes, 1990). Findings from hierarchical regression analyses indicate consistent significant independent effects of personality dispositions, coping resources and perceived job insecurity on various indicators of strain. There was also support for the moderating roles of negative affectivity and self-care in the relation between perceived job insecurity and physical strain. Implications for the role of dispositional factors, especially negative affectivity, and the utility of various coping resources in accounting for occupational strain in times of threatened job security are discussed.     

Job stress, job strain, and psychological withdrawal among Dutch university staff: towards a dualprocess model for the effects of occupational stress

This study examined the antecedents of job strain (emotional exhaustion, health complaints) and withdrawal behaviour (e.g. lowered organizational commitment) among a cross-sectional sample of 131 academic staff members of the law department of a large Dutch university. Conservation of resources theory (Hobfoll, 1989) provided the theoretical background for this study. Strains and withdrawal behaviours were expected to be most prominent among those who reported having few resources and/or who reported high job demands. Structural equation modelling revealed that this was indeed the case. As predicted, differential patterns of effects emerged for job demands and job resources. Analysis of the effects of four job-specific stressors revealed that especially the structural aspects of a staff member's teaching task (e.g. the number of students in their classes) contributed strongly to perceived job demands. Theoretical and practical implications of the study are discussed.     

Dermal Uptake of 18 Dilute Aqueous Chemicals: In Vivo Disappearance‐Method Measures Greatly Exceed In Vitro‐Based Predictions

Average rates of total dermal uptake (K_up) from short‐term (e.g., bathing) contact with dilute aqueous organic chemicals (DAOCs) are typically estimated from steady‐state in vitro diffusion‐cell measures of chemical permeability (K_p) through skin into receptor solution. Widely used (“PCR‐vitro”) methods estimate K_up by applying diffusion theory to increase K_p predictions made by a physico‐chemical regression (PCR) model that was fit to a large set of K_p measures. Here, K_up predictions for 18 DAOCs made by three PCR‐vitro models (EPA, NIOSH, and MH) were compared to previous in vivo measures obtained by methods unlikely to underestimate K_up. A new PCR model fit to all 18 measures is accurate to within approximately threefold (r = 0.91, p < 10^?5), but the PCR‐vitro predictions (r > 0.63) all tend to underestimate the K_up measures by mean factors (UF, and p value for testing UF = 1) of 10 (EPA, p < 10^?6), 11 (NIOSH, p < 10^?8), and 6.2 (MH, p = 0.018). For all three PCR‐vitro models, log(UF) correlates negatively with molecular weight (r² = 0.31 to 0.84, p = 0.017 to < 10^?6) but not with log(vapor pressure) as an additional predictor (p > 0.05), so vapor pressure appears not to explain the significant in vivo/PCR‐vitro discrepancy. Until this discrepancy is explained, careful in vivo measures of K_up should be obtained for more chemicals, the expanded in vivo database should be compared to in vitro‐based predictions, and in vivo data should be considered in assessing aqueous dermal exposure and its uncertainty.     

Systems Resilience for Multihazard Environments: Definition,Metrics, and Valuation for Decision Making

The United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction reported that the 2011 natural disasters, including the earthquake and tsunami that struck Japan, resulted in $366 billion in direct damages and 29,782 fatalities worldwide. Storms and floods accounted for up to 70% of the 302 natural disasters worldwide in 2011, with earthquakes producing the greatest number of fatalities. Average annual losses in the United States amount to about $55 billion. Enhancing community and system resilience could lead to massive savings through risk reduction and expeditious recovery. The rational management of such reduction and recovery is facilitated by an appropriate definition of resilience and associated metrics. In this article, a resilience definition is provided that meets a set of requirements with clear relationships to the metrics of the relevant abstract notions of reliability and risk. Those metrics also meet logically consistent requirements drawn from measure theory, and provide a sound basis for the development of effective decision‐making tools for multihazard environments. Improving the resiliency of a system to meet target levels requires the examination of system enhancement alternatives in economic terms, within a decision‐making framework. Relevant decision analysis methods would typically require the examination of resilience based on its valuation by society at large. The article provides methods for valuation and benefit‐cost analysis based on concepts from risk analysis and management.     

Employees' perceptions of organizational restructuring: the role of social support

Organizational change and restructuring is often perceived as leading to increased occupational stress, impacting negatively on the psychological well-being of employees. This pragmatic study investigates the role of social support and dispositional affect as moderators of role stress post-restructuring for employees in a public utility company. A total of 176 employees, including 37 managers, 60 graded staff and 78 industrial staff completed a self-report questionnaire, approximately 1 year postrestructuring, retrospectively assessing role conflict, ambiguity, overload and positive and negative feedback pre- and post-restructuring. Results suggested that overall role stress increased for managers/ senior officers and graded staff, but not for industrial staff. Social support was linked with lower role stress, more positive feedback and less negative feedback at post-restructuring. For certain role stressors this impact was moderated by dispositional affect, but the effect was not consistent across occupational groups. Positive affect enhanced the effect of manager support in reducing role conflict for graded staff, and the effect of co-worker support in increasing positive feedback and reducing negative feedback for industrial staff. Findings suggest that managers should pay particular attention to support and feedback for employees during periods of chronic occupational stress following organizational restructuring.