自我损耗理论视角下领导宽恕对领导辱虐行为的影响研究

基于自我损耗理论的视角,采用问卷调查法,以94名领导和353名下属为样本进行统计分析,考察了领导宽恕对领导辱虐行为的影响,并探讨了资源损耗的中介效应与自我导向动机的调节作用。研究结果表明：资源损耗在领导宽恕与领导辱虐行为之间起中介效应;自我导向动机在领导宽恕与资源损耗之间具有调节效应,即自我导向动机越强,领导宽恕对资源损耗的正向影响越大;自我导向动机调节了资源损耗在领导宽恕与领导辱虐行为之间所起的中介效应,即自我导向动机越强,中介效应越大。     

产品伤害危机及其处理过程对消费者考虑集的影响

“考虑集”形成是消费者购买决策中的重要阶段,产品只有进入考虑集才有可能最终被消费者购买。本研究在上海通过现场实验获得311名消费者的考虑集信息,检验了企业营销中的产品伤害危机事件及其处理过程对消费者考虑集的影响。研究结果表明产品伤害危机事件及其处理过程对危机产品是否进入考虑集有显著影响;与没有危机事件比,有事件无响应会对危机产品进入考虑集产生负面影响,并且对危机产品在考虑集中偏好顺序也产生负面影响;与有事件无响应比,企业响应、专家响应,以及他们的双重响应会对危机产品进入消费者考虑集产生正向影响。     

上行下效:工作场所宽恕的涓滴模型北大核心CSCDCSSCI

宽恕作为一种积极地应对冲突与冒犯的策略,受到了学术界的广泛关注。以往研究对员工宽恕的影响因素有过一些探讨,但少有研究从领导视角来考察其对员工宽恕的影响。基于此,本研究根据社会学习理论,构建了领导宽恕通过影响员工宽恕,进而作用于员工的同事信任以及工作满意度的涓滴模型。采用问卷调查法,以47名直属主管和276名员工为样本,运用多层线性模型、相关分析、验证性因子分析等方法进行统计分析。跨层次分析结果表明:领导宽恕对员工宽恕有积极的影响;员工宽恕对同事信任与工作满意度均有显著的正向作用;员工宽恕在领导宽恕与同事信任以及工作满意度之间起中介作用。     

集成调节匹配对广告态度的影响

探讨受众的调节定向与信息框架的集成调节匹配对受众广告态度的影响以及集成调节匹配影响广告态度的边界条件.基于调节匹配效应和信息处理理论建立假设,通过两项以学生为被试的实验收集数据,采用方差分析方法进行假设检验.实验结果表明,集成调节匹配的广告较不匹配的广告更能塑造受众积极的广告态度,当广告侧重描述问题时,广告采用亏损框架宣传更能塑造受众积极的广告态度;当广告侧重描述问题解决时,广告采用得益框架宣传更能塑造受众积极的广告态度.实验1和实验2分别从受众情境性信息处理动机和特质性信息处理动机两方面发现,集成调节匹配对广告态度的影响作用产生的边界条件分别为受众高话题卷入度和高认知需求,即受众具有较高的信息处理动机.     

领导语言框架、下属特质调节焦点与下属工作态度

把调节焦点理论和调节匹配理论引入领导语言框架研究领域,探讨领导者语言框架风格及其对下属工作态度的影响机理.基于调节焦点理论,通过一个定性分析对促进型和防御型两种领导语言框架风格进行探讨;基于调节匹配理论,运用实验研究方法分析并验证领导语言框架风格与下属特质调节焦点的匹配时下属工作态度影响的作用机理.研究结果表明,对特质促进型调节焦点的下属而言,领导促进型语言框架更能促进其积极的工作态度,而对特质防御型调节焦点的下属而言.领导防御型语言框架更能促进其积极的工作态度.     

动态环境下组织即兴对创业导向的影响机制研究

分析130家样本企业的调查数据,构建了组织即兴、环境动态性和创业导向之间的关系模型。研究发现:组织即兴由即时性和创造性两个维度构成,且这两个维度分别对创业导向有正向显著影响;环境动态性正向调节了创造性与创业导向之间的关系,但并不影响即时性与创业导向之间的关系。     

大股东对经理人信任、控制机制与企业新产品开发绩效的实证研究

分析大股东对经理人信任如何影响企业新产品开发绩效,并对比不同控制方式下,信任对新产品开发影响的差异。基于150家制造企业的实证研究表明,大股东对经理人越信任,越有利于企业新产品开发绩效的提高;大股东对经理人信任通过促进企业家导向,间接作用于企业新产品开发绩效;财务控制倒U型调节信任与新产品开发之间的关系;战略控制正向调节信任与企业家导向之间的关系。     

宽恕的代价：领导宽恕、员工道德推脱与工作场所越轨行为的关系研究

以往大多数研究探讨领导宽恕的积极影响，而忽视了其负面影响。本文探索了领导宽恕与员工工作场所越轨行为之间的关系，并分析了员工道德推脱的中介作用和员工共情的调节效应。本文以306名员工与71名部门主管为样本，采用多层线性模型、跨层次有调节的中介效应等方法进行统计分析。研究结果表明：(1)员工共情在领导宽恕与员工道德推脱之间起调节作用。当员工共情水平较低时，领导宽恕对员工道德推脱有正向影响；而当员工共情水平较高时，两者的相关不显著。(2)当员工共情水平较低时，领导宽恕通过员工道德推脱的中介作用，进而正向影响员工越轨行为。而当员工共情水平较高时，道德推脱的间接效应不显著。     

初始信任对个人互联网理财使用意愿的影响研究--兼论性别、受教育水平等因素的中介效应与调节效应

互联网金融飞速发展,其中以余额宝为代表的货币基金类理财产品最为引人瞩目。以行为理论模型为框架,初始信任为研究出发点,引入性别、受教育水平、使用经验等调节变量构建了三阶段模型,基于301位互联网理财用户的有效调研数据,运用结构方程、线性回归等方法进行实证分析。结果表明:引入初始信任的行为理论整合模型能够更好地解释用户的互联网理财使用行为;初始信任是用户感知易用性和使用意愿间的显著性中介变量,中介效应比例为总效应的54.0%;性别与受教育水平在使用意愿的不同影响关系中起显著性的调节效应;使用经验在初始信任与使用意愿间的调节效应不显著,从动态角度来看,初始信任能够持续稳定地影响使用意愿。研究结论为互联网理财供给方提高产品竞争力、培育忠诚用户和市场规模的扩大提供了理论依据与决策支撑。     

金额/比率陈述方式和调节匹配对消费者购买意愿的影响

研究引入调节匹配这个源于心理学的概念,探讨两种不同目标导向——求成与避败的消费者面对两种不同的信息陈述方式——金额与比率时对购买意愿的影响。结果表明：信息陈述方式与消费者目标导向产生匹配,才能对消费者态度及其购买意愿产生积极的正面影响;消费者动机存在干扰效果,尤其在消费者属于高动机的情况下,原本对促销信息陈述没有匹配的消费者转变为匹配,且消费者态度明显提升。     

The quality and use of regulatory analysis in 2008

This article assesses the quality and apparent use of regulatory analysis for economically significant regulations proposed by federal agencies in 2008. A nine-member research team used a six-point (0-5) scale to evaluate regulatory analyses according to criteria drawn from Executive Order 12866 and Office of Management and Budget Circular A-4. Principal findings include: (1) the average quality of regulatory analysis, though not high, is somewhat better than previous regulatory scorecards have shown; (2) quality varies widely; (3) biggest strengths are accessibility and clarity; (4) biggest weaknesses are analysis of the systemic problem and retrospective analysis; (5) budget or "transfer" regulations usually receive low-quality analysis; (6) a minority of the regulations contain evidence that the agency used the analysis in significant decisions; (7) quality of analysis is positively correlated with the apparent use of the analysis in regulatory decisions; and (8) greater diffusion of best practices could significantly improve the overall quality of regulatory analysis.     

金融危机中的电子商务

席卷全球的金融风暴,使国内的不少企业受到影响。面对困境,企业通过各种渠道来发展自己,通过电子商务做网上贸易就是一个非常好的途径,尤其对于传统外贸企业。但同时电子商务企业间的竞争也将加剧。在政府强有力的支持下,企业应练好内功,分析网上消费者习惯,做好企业网店,优化销售渠道,通过电子商务渡过经济难关。     

监管惩罚、监管宽容和存款保险价格

存款保险制度在维持金融稳定和保护存款人利益方面具有重要作用,其最为核心的问题是存款保险费率的确定.文章在Merton模型框架下将监管惩罚和监管宽容同时引入存款保险定价模型,并探究了存款保险价格和银行风险偏好之间的关系.研究发现,银行的存款保险费率和银行资产储蓄比呈现负相关关系.当监管惩罚力度加大时,银行的风险偏好降低,存款保险费率会也降低,这说明惩罚措施有利于维护金融稳定.研究还发现,监管宽容程度越高,银行的风险偏好也越高,进而存款保险价格越高.存款保险费率测算结果表明:相比较而言,"次贷危机"和"股灾"对城市银行的存款保险费率影响最大,对股份制银行的存款保险费率影响有限,而对国有银行存款保险费率基本没有影响.     

Regulatory Models and the Environment: Practice, Pitfalls, and Prospects

Computational models support environmental regulatory activities by providing the regulator an ability to evaluate available knowledge, assess alternative regulations, and provide a framework to assess compliance. But all models face inherent uncertainties because human and natural systems are always more complex and heterogeneous than can be captured in a model. Here, we provide a summary discussion of the activities, findings, and recommendations of the National Research Council's Committee on Regulatory Environmental Models, a committee funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to provide guidance on the use of computational models in the regulatory process. Modeling is a difficult enterprise even outside the potentially adversarial regulatory environment. The demands grow when the regulatory requirements for accountability, transparency, public accessibility, and technical rigor are added to the challenges. Moreover, models cannot be validated (declared true) but instead should be evaluated with regard to their suitability as tools to address a specific question. The committee concluded that these characteristics make evaluation of a regulatory model more complex than simply comparing measurement data with model results. The evaluation also must balance the need for a model to be accurate with the need for a model to be reproducible, transparent, and useful for the regulatory decision at hand. Meeting these needs requires model evaluation to be applied over the "life cycle" of a regulatory model with an approach that includes different forms of peer review, uncertainty analysis, and extrapolation methods than those for nonregulatory models.     

Unemployment Exits Before and During the Crisis

Using administrative data from Spain, we compare the pattern and the determinants of individual unemployment durations and the stability of jobs found after unemployment before and during the recent crisis. We find particularly strong effects of the crisis on the hazards in the beginning of the unemployment spell. The groups hit hardest by the crisis are men, immigrants, older workers, and low‐educated individuals. The disadvantage of men is mainly due to the more pro‐cyclical nature of men's jobs. The increase in average unemployment duration and the fall in the duration of new jobs are not explained by composition effects.     

努力提高指挥员的危机处置能力

胡锦涛同志提出的"应对多种安全威胁、完成多样化军事任务"重大战略思想,系统回答了面对什么样的威胁、赋予什么样的任务、具备什么样的能力等一系列重大问题,是对新世纪新阶段军队历史使命重要论断的进一步展开和深化,为我军现代化建设和完成多样化军事任务指明了方向.     

何念：“导演”金融危机

21克拉只相当于4．2克。这里需要探讨的是钻石与人类灵魂之间的关系。 钻石达到21克拉，那么必然显得无比珍贵，但是却也只有人类灵魂重量的1／5不到。     

Evaluation of the benchmark dose for point of departure determination for a variety of chemical classes in applied regulatory settings

Repeated-dose studies received by the New Substances Assessment and Control Bureau (NSACB) of Health Canada are used to provide hazard information toward risk calculation. These studies provide a point of departure (POD), traditionally the NOAEL or LOAEL, which is used to extrapolate the quantity of substance above which adverse effects can be expected in humans. This project explored the use of benchmark dose (BMD) modeling as an alternative to this approach for studies with few dose groups. Continuous data from oral repeated-dose studies for chemicals previously assessed by NSACB were reanalyzed using U.S. EPA benchmark dose software (BMDS) to determine the BMD and BMD 95% lower confidence limit (BMDL(05) ) for each endpoint critical to NOAEL or LOAEL determination for each chemical. Endpoint-specific benchmark dose-response levels , indicative of adversity, were consistently applied. An overall BMD and BMDL(05) were calculated for each chemical using the geometric mean. The POD obtained from benchmark analysis was then compared with the traditional toxicity thresholds originally used for risk assessment. The BMD and BMDL(05) generally were higher than the NOAEL, but lower than the LOAEL. BMDL(05) was generally constant at 57% of the BMD. Benchmark provided a clear advantage in health risk assessment when a LOAEL was the only POD identified, or when dose groups were widely distributed. Although the benchmark method cannot always be applied, in the selected studies with few dose groups it provided a more accurate estimate of the real no-adverse-effect level of a substance.