从人力资本角度看无固定期限劳动合同

《劳动合同法》实施以来,一直是饱受争议。很多企业面对新法关于无固定期限劳动合同的条文更是惊呼狼来了,本文从人力资本的角度解读了《劳动合同法》对于劳资双方的雇佣、培训、工作搜寻等行为的影响,解读了新法的重要作用。     

《劳动合同法》劳务派遣修订版浅析

劳务派遣是目前企业普遍的一种劳动雇佣方式,帮助企业规避用人风险。2012年底,《劳动合同法》的修订,一定意义上规整了派遣公司行业,帮助被派遣劳动者维护了相应的权利。本文对《劳动合同法》的修订条文进行了相应的解释和原文的对比,对此提出了一些个人看法。     

浅议劳动合同法对科技型企业人才管理的影响

《劳动合同法》自实施以来，对企业人力资源管理产生了重大影响。本文从《劳动合同法》中关于劳动合同订立的新规则出发，结合科技型企业人力资源管理的特点，阐述了《劳动合同法》对科技型企业人力资源管理的影响，并有针对性的分析并提出了企业的应对建议和解决办法。     

事业单位聘用合同的适用问题研究

《劳动合同法》适用的主体问题研究一直是一个争议不断的问题，直到法律明确规定之后，对《劳动合同法》适用的主体才有定论，而事业单位作为《劳动合同法》的主体，其聘用合同如何适用是本文研究的重点。     

论劳务派遣“三性”——解读《劳动合同法》第六十六条

虽然《劳动合同法（草案）》历经四次审议，其中对劳务派遣的规定也经多次修改，但仍存在立法的含糊与不足之处，本文通过对《劳动合同法》第六十六条规定的“临时性”、“辅助性”、“替代性”逐个剖析，来论证《劳动合同法》对于劳务派遣范围规定的不完善之处。     

劳动合同实施条例终出台 但王琳认为确保公平的关键在配套制度

9月18日,作为《劳动合同法》配套文件的《劳动合同法实施条例》正式出台。不少媒体对"解除合同"、"劳动派遣"等方面内容仍存在着一些争议。海南大学法学院副教授王琳认为,《劳动合同法》亟须的其实并非某项劳资     

浅议劳动关系与雇佣关系的界定

认识劳动关系的实质是为了保护那些应该保护的群体利益。根据现代法学理论,保护范围的界限划定是利益保护的重要前提条件。我国理论上和实践中,对劳动关系与雇佣关系的界定,一直没有一个确定的标准,。本文通过对典型案例的分析和学说的阐述,以期探索界定劳动关系和雇佣关系的标准。     

趋势

企业人力资源战略面临闯关《劳动合同法》的实施冲击着企业与员工之间现有的利益格局,不可避免地会在短期内影响一些企业的生存状态,而这种压力恰恰可能成为企业提高管理能力和经营水平的契机。《劳动合同法》最大限度地解决了劳动者的未来生存问题,同时也必然增加用人单位人力成本,对企业未来生存管理提出了更高更严格的要求。(《中华工商时报》2007年12月13日)     

北京市中小企业劳动用工状况的调查分析

正《中华人民共和国劳动合同法》(以下简称《劳动合同法》)及其修正案实施后,为规范企业与员工双方的权利和义务,保护劳动者的合法权益提供了法律依据。然而,在对《劳动合同法》带来影响的众多研究中,研究者的目光大多集中在它给大型企业带来的冲击和影响,而对中小型企业适用《劳动合同法》的问题关注甚少。与大企业相比,中小企业大多从事劳动密集型产业,使用较多的劳动力资源,是吸纳社会就业的主力军,也是劳动关系领域的重要组成部分。当前,中小企业劳动用工的现状如何?劳动用工管理中存在哪些问题?对这些问题的调查,有助于我们清晰了解中小企业劳动用工的现状及存在的问题,认识劳动合同法及修正案给中小企业劳动用工带来的影响,以期为制定相关政策提供参考和依据。     

悦读

《管理大未来》;《反热钱战争》;《越南“危机”》;《劳动合同法》风险规避指南;印度塔塔集团——新兴市场中的成功典范。     

Criteria for selecting a production control philosophy

Logistic objectives constitute a compromise between having short leadtimes and a low volume of work in progress on the one hand and a high resource loading and due date obligation on the other. Miscellaneous production planning approaches offered today provide different combinations of logistic objectives for satisfying a manufacturing strategy. To combine the strength of the various approaches into a unified system, a new approach based on a dynamic and distributed production planning methodology is proposed. To customize the approach, various analyses and specifications have to be made and for that reason some important characteristics and criteria for analysing production control philosophies will be given.     

The social construction of the meaning of acute stressors: a qualitative study of the personal accounts of police officers using a stress counselling service

The police profession is one in which acute stressors are encountered more frequently than in other occupations. Using the personal accounts of 35 police officers attending an in-house stress counselling clinic, the aim of the present study was to provide a qualitative examination of how the institutional context of policing influenced the ways in which acute stressors signified to individual police officers experiencing felt distress. Using the framework of Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy as an analytical tool, it is argued that beliefs contributing to the experience of felt distress are related to the way in which policing as both an identity and an activity is constructed through the police organizational culture. Not only do these constructions influence the ways in which officers perceive themselves and their environments, but they also operate at the collective level to 'normalize' some emotional responses and to 'pathologize' others which, it is argued, could impact upon the outcomes of interventions such as stress counselling.     

The moderating role of social support in Karasek's job strain model

This paper examines whether social support is a boundary-determining criterion in the job strain model of Karasek (1979). The particular focus is the extent to which different sources of social support, work overload and task control influence job satisfaction, depersonalization and supervisor assessments of work performance. Hypotheses are tested using prospective survey data from 80 clerical staff in a university setting. Results revealed 3-way interactions among levels of support (supervisor, co-worker, non-work), perceived task control and work overload on levels of work performance and employee adjustment (self-report). After controlling for levels of negative affect in all analyses, there was evidence that high levels of supervisor support mitigated against the negative effects of high strain jobs on levels of job satisfaction and reduced reported levels of depersonalization. Moreover, high levels of non-work support and co-worker support also mitigated against the negative effects of high strain jobs on levels of work performance. The results are discussed in terms of the importance of social support networks both at, and beyond, the work context.     

Job insecurity, coping resources and personality dispositions in occupational strain

This paper presents research on the relationships between the work-related stressor of perceived job insecurity and various indicators of occupational strain, taking into account employees' personality dispositions (trait negative and positive affectivity) and coping resources. Respondents were 222 Australian public servants surveyed during organizational restructuring that involved downsizing and threat to job certainty. The research was formulated within an adaptation of Osipow, Doty, and Spokane's (1985) framework of stress-strain-coping that included the possible direct as well as moderating effects of personality dispositions in reporting occupational strain (Parkes, 1990). Findings from hierarchical regression analyses indicate consistent significant independent effects of personality dispositions, coping resources and perceived job insecurity on various indicators of strain. There was also support for the moderating roles of negative affectivity and self-care in the relation between perceived job insecurity and physical strain. Implications for the role of dispositional factors, especially negative affectivity, and the utility of various coping resources in accounting for occupational strain in times of threatened job security are discussed.     

Introduction to Special Section on Sensitivity Analysis and Summary of NCSU/USDA Workshop on Sensitivity Analysis

This guest editorial is a summary of the NCSU/USDA Workshop on Sensitivity Analysis held June 11–12, 2001 at North Carolina State University and sponsored by the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Office of Risk Assessment and Cost Benefit Analysis. The objective of the workshop was to learn across disciplines in identifying, evaluating, and recommending sensitivity analysis methods and practices for application to food‐safety process risk models. The workshop included presentations regarding the Hazard Assessment and Critical Control Points (HACCP) framework used in food‐safety risk assessment, a survey of sensitivity analysis methods, invited white papers on sensitivity analysis, and invited case studies regarding risk assessment of microbial pathogens in food. Based on the sharing of interdisciplinary information represented by the presentations, the workshop participants, divided into breakout sessions, responded to three trigger questions: What are the key criteria for sensitivity analysis methods applied to food‐safety risk assessment? What sensitivity analysis methods are most promising for application to food safety and risk assessment? and What are the key needs for implementation and demonstration of such methods? The workshop produced agreement regarding key criteria for sensitivity analysis methods and the need to use two or more methods to try to obtain robust insights. Recommendations were made regarding a guideline document to assist practitioners in selecting, applying, interpreting, and reporting the results of sensitivity analysis.     

Job stress, job strain, and psychological withdrawal among Dutch university staff: towards a dualprocess model for the effects of occupational stress

This study examined the antecedents of job strain (emotional exhaustion, health complaints) and withdrawal behaviour (e.g. lowered organizational commitment) among a cross-sectional sample of 131 academic staff members of the law department of a large Dutch university. Conservation of resources theory (Hobfoll, 1989) provided the theoretical background for this study. Strains and withdrawal behaviours were expected to be most prominent among those who reported having few resources and/or who reported high job demands. Structural equation modelling revealed that this was indeed the case. As predicted, differential patterns of effects emerged for job demands and job resources. Analysis of the effects of four job-specific stressors revealed that especially the structural aspects of a staff member's teaching task (e.g. the number of students in their classes) contributed strongly to perceived job demands. Theoretical and practical implications of the study are discussed.     

Distinguishing traumatic, vicarious and routine operational stressor exposure and attendant adverse consequences in a sample of police officers

Problems in studying occupational stress within the police service are identified and the paucity of work on operational duties as potential stressors are discussed. The present study reports the results of a factor analysis of operational stressors (N = 601 serving British police officers) that revealed three factors: exposure to death and disaster; violence and injury; sexual crime. These were demonstrated to be reliable scales and were included in logistic regression models together with a range of demographic and psychological variables. Models were applied to men and women separately, which showed there to be different predictors of the likelihood of suffering distress (measured by the General Health Questionnaire, GHQ) in terms of the officer's gender and operational role. Overall the model for women officers was better at predicting psychological distress than that for men. These findings are related to aspects of the police occupational culture. Further discussion is offered that conceptualizes police operational stressors as traumatic, routine and vicarious. Finally, some implications are drawn for the provision of stress intervention in the light of this differentiation.     

Dermal Uptake of 18 Dilute Aqueous Chemicals: In Vivo Disappearance‐Method Measures Greatly Exceed In Vitro‐Based Predictions

Average rates of total dermal uptake (K_up) from short‐term (e.g., bathing) contact with dilute aqueous organic chemicals (DAOCs) are typically estimated from steady‐state in vitro diffusion‐cell measures of chemical permeability (K_p) through skin into receptor solution. Widely used (“PCR‐vitro”) methods estimate K_up by applying diffusion theory to increase K_p predictions made by a physico‐chemical regression (PCR) model that was fit to a large set of K_p measures. Here, K_up predictions for 18 DAOCs made by three PCR‐vitro models (EPA, NIOSH, and MH) were compared to previous in vivo measures obtained by methods unlikely to underestimate K_up. A new PCR model fit to all 18 measures is accurate to within approximately threefold (r = 0.91, p < 10^?5), but the PCR‐vitro predictions (r > 0.63) all tend to underestimate the K_up measures by mean factors (UF, and p value for testing UF = 1) of 10 (EPA, p < 10^?6), 11 (NIOSH, p < 10^?8), and 6.2 (MH, p = 0.018). For all three PCR‐vitro models, log(UF) correlates negatively with molecular weight (r² = 0.31 to 0.84, p = 0.017 to < 10^?6) but not with log(vapor pressure) as an additional predictor (p > 0.05), so vapor pressure appears not to explain the significant in vivo/PCR‐vitro discrepancy. Until this discrepancy is explained, careful in vivo measures of K_up should be obtained for more chemicals, the expanded in vivo database should be compared to in vitro‐based predictions, and in vivo data should be considered in assessing aqueous dermal exposure and its uncertainty.     

Systems Resilience for Multihazard Environments: Definition,Metrics, and Valuation for Decision Making

The United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction reported that the 2011 natural disasters, including the earthquake and tsunami that struck Japan, resulted in $366 billion in direct damages and 29,782 fatalities worldwide. Storms and floods accounted for up to 70% of the 302 natural disasters worldwide in 2011, with earthquakes producing the greatest number of fatalities. Average annual losses in the United States amount to about $55 billion. Enhancing community and system resilience could lead to massive savings through risk reduction and expeditious recovery. The rational management of such reduction and recovery is facilitated by an appropriate definition of resilience and associated metrics. In this article, a resilience definition is provided that meets a set of requirements with clear relationships to the metrics of the relevant abstract notions of reliability and risk. Those metrics also meet logically consistent requirements drawn from measure theory, and provide a sound basis for the development of effective decision‐making tools for multihazard environments. Improving the resiliency of a system to meet target levels requires the examination of system enhancement alternatives in economic terms, within a decision‐making framework. Relevant decision analysis methods would typically require the examination of resilience based on its valuation by society at large. The article provides methods for valuation and benefit‐cost analysis based on concepts from risk analysis and management.     

UNIX系统性能监控简述及shell系统资源统计程序

本文简要阐述了unix系统中(主要以IBM的AIX为例)进行系统性能管理的几种命令行工具,并通过编写shell实例程序,运用其中提到的工具实现系统资源利用率的统计程序,为做好unix系统管理和调优提供参考.