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1.
人口安全(PopulationSecurity)是我国的基础安全,是国家生存安全和发展安全的基本条件。分析人口安全的理论内涵及其生成背景,对人口安全的性质、人口安全在人口学学科体系中的地位进行阐释,从和谐社会的内涵中阐释人口安全的重要性,并提出树立人口风险意识等人口安全的实现途径。 相似文献
2.
After summarizing the theories and measurement indices of assimilation,this paper examines and re-constructs the measurement framework of assimilation at individual level,followed by discussing some theoretical questions of assimilation in present China.Assimilation could be one point on the line connecting adaptation,segmented assimilation and assimilation.Measurement indices framework of immigrant assimilation in destination should be simplified with high validity,corresponding to the theories.Assimilation can be divided into five dimensions:economic,cultural,social,structural and identity.Future research should be directed at the final direction of the assimilation of migrants, and the causal chain centered on the assimilation"the status and the causes and consequences of assimilations",and longitudinal or panel survey studies should be enhanced to understand the situation and development trajectory of assimilation of migrants in China. 相似文献
3.
文章简要归纳国内外社会融合理论和测量指标,检讨并重构个体层次的社会融合测量指标体系,讨论当前研究中的几个重要理论问题,认为流动人口的社会融合总是处在从适应到区隔融合、再到融合这三个阶段中的某一点上,在构建测量指标体系时所用的概念与变量应有较高的效度和简约性,且要与理论相对应。社会融合包括经济融合、文化适应、社会适应、结构融合和身份认同这五个维度。关于我国迁移与流动人口社会融合的最终方向问题、扩展以社会融合为中心的因果链等应是未来研究的重要方面,今后的研究应该注意主流社会的定义、社会融合结果导致的社会流动方向的判断标准、分析单位等,并加强长期的跟踪研究,以便及时掌握流动人口的社会融合现状及其发展轨迹。 相似文献
4.
Two assumptions which characterize the measurements of quality life (QOL) studies, are questioned by the present report: First, the assumption that QOL is the same thing for all subjects, is usually related to health problems and can easily be measured across subjects. Second, when this assumption is given up by introducing subjective base-rates in an intra-subject (before-after) design, researchers still tend to assume that no response shifts occur on the QOL scales, e.g., that these scales maintain the same meaning and values for subjects over time and interventions. In our study we found that QOL had different subjective interpretations [1--4]. While for some certain issues in their family-life determined their quality of life, for others these were issues at their workplace or of their health conditions. Second, when QOL was tested against a subjective base-line (for each individual according to their choices of domains), about eleven percent of the hypertensives and normotensives showed a clear response shift of scale-calibration over the period of one year. When the scores of these subjects were excluded, the significance of certain previously reported results changed. For example, the significant difference between normotensives and hypertensives concerning the change in their subjective evaluation of QOL over the year and their initial depression became more significant, while similar changes in their evaluation of sexual impairment and control at their work-place became insignificant. These results suggest that response shifts have to be traced and quantified, before one can claim any results (or lack of results) in 'before-after' designs, concerning subjective meaningful issues like quality of life. 相似文献
5.
Social Indicators Research - Researches on the factors on earthquake survivors’ quality of life (QOL) focused on the demographic variables or the impact of mental illness on QOL. This study... 相似文献
6.
Testing the validity of indicator systems is a task almost always left to the scientific community, in standard practice and
in keeping with the quest for objectivity prevalent in politics and in society as a whole. This paper calls for a reinvigorated
agenda within indicators research to question this practice and develop alternative methodologies to test the validity, legitimacy
and impacts of indicator systems. The assumptions of objectivity are not realistic in contemporary policy contexts. As a result,
the scientific community is not the only community with a stake in assessing an indicator system; it is perhaps not even the
most important one. Four other community types with distinct interests in the design, use and impacts of indicator systems
are identified. First is the community of elected officials, whose positions of power make their perspective important and
unique; second is the community of engaged publics, whose stake is made clear by the principles of participatory and deliberative
democracy; third are communities of cultural difference; and fourth are professional communities. The unique relationship
each of these communities has with indicator systems, and thus the tests and challenges offered by each to the practice of
indicators, is discussed through a case study of a public participation process for the development of a new set of regional
sustainability indicators in Vancouver, Canada. The evidence suggests new research questions for scholars in policy and indicators
studies who seek to better understand paths and barriers to implementation and impact in indicators practice, as well as lessons
for other local indicators practices.
相似文献
7.
The effect of relative domain importance as a weighting mechanism in quality of life (QoL) measures has been a topic of debate for decades. Studies investigating the role of domain importance in QoL measures have produced mixed results. The mixed results may very well be the consequences of a limited choice of global satisfaction or QoL measures, measurements of domain satisfaction, measurements of domain importance and weighting approaches applied to date. This study investigated the effect of importance weighting without assigning any arbitrary weighting function of domain importance. A cluster analysis was first used to classify individuals into groups, based on their perceived importance of various life domains, and then the relationship between global life satisfaction measure and the composite of domain satisfaction scores between these groups was compared. Results of this study showed that the relationship between global life satisfaction and composite of satisfaction scores did not remain consistent for respondents with different importance rankings of major life domains, which suggested an important effect of domain importance in QoL measures. 相似文献
9.
The purpose of this paper is to trace the history of the social indicators or quality-of-life (QOL) research movement up to
today, forecast future developments, and pave the way for future growth. Broadly speaking, we tried to review historical antecedents
from the point of view of different disciplines, with specialists in each discipline preparing the basic text and co-authors
helping to polish the material into a finished product. Briefly, we begin with an overview of the conceptual and philosophical
foundations of our field of research. That is followed by a historical overview of the sociological roots of our field. In
the third section, the main contributions from the discipline of economics are reviewed. Following that, the fourth section
covers a historical overview of the literature on health-related quality of life is provided. Next, the history of QOL research
from a marketing perspective is reviewed followed by a history from the perspectives of industrial/organizational psychology
and management. Finally, we offer some forecasts for future QOL studies that are intended not only to predict what might happen,
but to encourage, stimulate and motivate researchers to undertake new initiatives. 相似文献
10.
Social Indicators Research - 相似文献
11.
This paper proposes an indicator that integrates life expectancy with the demographic structure of the population for a given society. By doing this, we have a simple indicator of mortality and aging combined, which could be very useful for developed societies. As is widely known, life expectancy at birth is independent of the demographic structure of the population, and therefore is adequate for measuring overall mortality. However, it neglects to take into account the fact that as life expectancy increases society ages, and so looking at life expectancy alone can produce an overly optimistic view of the development process, especially if we pay attention to future sustainability. Aging can in fact affect quality of life and sustainability in the long run. The indicators for aging are usually very crude, such as providing information on the share of the population who are 65 and over. We propose a simple indicator that integrates life expectancy at different ages, not only at birth, with the demographic structure of the population at a given point in time. The indicator has an intuitive interpretation in terms of the life potential, or biological capital, of society; and given that it is a weighted average, its changes can be easily decomposed into reductions in mortality (gains in life expectancy) and aging for different age intervals. 相似文献
12.
This article uses a task-based approach to measure labour market mismatch and to study the wage effects of mismatch. We propose a new indicator—cognitive mismatch—and contrast it with the commonly used overqualification indicator. We argue that considering the tasks performed in each occupation captures more adequately the complexity of job requirements and tackles the major drawbacks of the existing approaches measuring mismatch. Using rich administrative data from the German Sample of Integrated Labour Market Biographies, we find that 4.8% of the total employment episodes are matched in terms of qualification but mismatched in terms of the tasks performed. Fixed Effects models show that the largest wage loss occurs in cases of mismatch in both education level and tasks performed at work. We conclude that each indicator is capturing different facets of mismatch and that they should be used complementarily in labour market mismatch analyses. 相似文献
13.
Social Indicators Research - In recent years, a significant number of papers has been published providing alternative measures of progress and well-being to Gross Domestic Product. Most of these... 相似文献
14.
This paper examines the potential of self-reported information on capabilities as an alternative indicator and aggregator
for well-being. We survey a population of 18 year old first-year Bachelor students in applied economics and business studies
and demonstrate a way in which capabilities can be measured on the level of life domains as well as on the general level of
‘life as a whole’. The data confirm the theoretical hypothesis that the set of capabilities is larger than the achieved functionings.
We investigate and compare which variables influence general capabilities and satisfaction with life. We find that both concepts
are equally depending on the ‘mood of the day’. On the other hand, we find some diverging influences that call for a debate
on the (policy) relevance of different well-being concepts and their determining variables. The capabilities interpretation
of well-being points to an important role of the parents (especially when they are divorced or rather strict) while the information
on satisfaction is more related to personal and situational characteristics (such as not being single or the number of family
visits). 相似文献
15.
Social Indicators Research - Monitoring progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals by 2030 requires the global community to disaggregate targets along socio-economic lines, but little has... 相似文献
16.
The Theory of Homeostasis posits that Subjective Well-being (SWB) is regulated by a dynamic biological mechanism, assisting
to maintain a positive view of life. Further, the theory suggests that clinical depression is the loss of SWB due to the defeat
of this homeostatic defence system. To test this hypothesis it was predicted that people who were diagnosed as clinically
depressed with the Semi-structured Clinical Interview (SCID-1/NP) based on the DSM-IV-TR Axis 1 would have a Personal Well-being Index-Adult (PWI-A) score below the normative range (70–80% of scale maximum). Following
ethical approval a sample of 146 men was obtained and each was assessed on the SCID-1/NP and on the PWI-A. Subjects diagnosed
as having one of several pathologies such as post traumatic stress disorder, panic disorder, social phobia and specific phobia
were found to score significantly lower on the PWI-A compared to participants who received no diagnosis. However, as the data
did not discriminate between currently depressed and persons with other non-depressive psychopathologies, a Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curve analysis was used to explore this data further. Results indicated that
the PWI-A was significantly better than guessing in discriminating clinically depressed cases, but only just so. Therefore,
while this research found support for the proposition that the loss of SWB indicated clinical depression, the PWI-A is not
sufficiently specific for diagnosis, nor can it be concluded that all instances of depression is the failure of SWB. 相似文献
17.
Social inclusion is one of the key challenges of the European Union (EU) Sustainable Development Strategy. We use four indicators from EU policies to measure social inclusion for the 27 member countries of Europe. In particular, we aggregate the four indicators in a multiplicative composite indicator via a DEA-BoD approach with weights determined endogenously with proportion constraints. We obtain a score of social inclusion that allows us to grade the 27 EU countries from 2006 to 2010. In this way, we highlight the specific role played by the four indicators in determining improvements and deteriorations of social inclusion during the European phase of the financial and economic crisis. 相似文献
18.
This article analyses the Not in Education, Employment or Training (NEET ) concept and related indicators and its effects on both youth policies and the perception of young people. It is argued that a “weak version” of social exclusion is often used to explain the phenomenon. This leads both to defective policies (as a “victim blaming” approach tends to be developed instead of structural policies) and to the negative labelling of the NEET young people (as research and policies tend to focus on the individual’s deficits and thus associate them with negative values). An alternative indicator is proposed, aimed at reducing the heterogeneity of the situations the concept includes and focus on the core NEET group. This restricted concept centres on those individuals who do not seem to have any objective impediment to study or work. Figures are calculated for the Spanish region of Catalonia and results show a lower proportion of people in a NEET situation; that the NEET rates for young people and adults are similar; that the phenomenon is not new; and confirm that it is related to the risk of social exclusion. These results reinforce the need for an approach which is more sensitive to inequalities to improve our understanding of the NEET population and to avoid the stigmatisation of individuals, generations and countries. 相似文献
19.
Social Indicators Research - 相似文献
20.
The long life expentancy of the elderly motivates interest in their quality of life. Our study analyzes vital satisfaction as a global indicator of the three dimensions (physical, mental, and social) of the quality of life in relation to health. The subjects were 310 women, with an average age of 71.22 years old (SD 6.72), with minimum education, and active aging. The reliability was examined with the COOP-WONCA Charts and the Nottingham Health Profile. The results show that vital satisfaction significantly correlates with the three dimensions of health, in particular with the mental domain. 相似文献
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