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民族地区财政转移支付的均衡效应研究——兼以广西壮族自治区为例 总被引:8,自引:1,他引:7
我国大部分民族地区公共服务供给的成本过高,地方财政无法提供与全国大体均衡的社会公共服务.国家对民族地区财政转移支付实施政策倾斜,并明确提出要进一步加大对民族地区的转移支付力度,促进地区间基本公共服务的均等化.本文认为,从纵向和横向看,民族地区财政转移支付对均衡民族地区财力起到了一定的效果,但民族地区财政转移支付存在明显的内部差异性,部分省区与全国财力差距越拉越大,转移支付的结构尚不合理.通过分析研究,对进一步规范民族地区财政转移支付提出了相应的对策建议. 相似文献
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改革开放以来,民族地区财政收入管理、财政支出管理、财政转移支付等改革取得显著成效。但自分税制以来,民族地区财政体制改革实践中也凸显一些问题。文章认为,政府应通过客观合理地划分税种、保障民族地区的财政自治权、完善民族地区财政转移支付制度、重视并加大民族地区投资和补助力度等途径,优化民族地区的财政改革,摆脱财政困境,缩小与一般地区的财力差距,加速民族地区经济社会的全面发展。 相似文献
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<正>根据目前我国财力的构成现状,中央公共财政收入同地方本级财政收入相当,地方财政收入和支出主要依靠中央对地方税收返还和转移支付。地方在公共财政支出预算中教育投入必须大幅增加,才能实现财政性教育投入占国内生产总值4%的要求,这对一些捉襟见肘的地方财政构成难以 相似文献
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在市场经济条件下,地区经济发展水平主要是由要素成本和交易成本决定的。如果说要素成本是一种天赋成本,那么交易成本则是一种制度成本。西部边境地区的要素成本具有一定的比较优势,但制度因素造成交易成本过高,制约了整体经济的竞争力。因此,西部边境地区开发要有制度保障,减弱制度因素形成的障碍,协调各方利益,保障西部边境地区经济长期、健康、有序的发展。规范财政制度实行科学合理的财政转移支付制度。一是部分调减税收返还数量。事实上,税收返还每年达1800多亿元,只要能切出30%按过渡期转移支付办法计算,就可以突出转移支付的均衡功能… 相似文献
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论民族地区财政转移支付制度的优化——基于历史和现实背景的分析 总被引:7,自引:1,他引:6
作为支持欠发达地区发展的重要手段,财政转移支付制度对民族地区具有重要意义.民族地区曾经历了以财政优惠形式出现的宽泛意义的财政转移支付制度和过渡期转移支付制度.现行民族地区财政转移支付制度包括两个层面,即中央对民族地区各省区财政转移支付和民族地区各省区以下财政转移支付.在支持民族地区发展方面,财政转移支付制度发挥了重要作用,但也存在诸多问题.因此,需在总量、结构、分配办法等方面进行优化调整. 相似文献
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朱四畅 《广西民族大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2013,(2):166-169
财政转移支付能有效地解决地区间发展不平衡问题,作为扶持欠发达地区发展的重要手段,财政转移支付对于民族地区发展有着重要的意义。研究从民族地区经济发展状况、财政转移支付的现状、存在问题、解决办法对中国民族地区财政转移支付制度进行阐释,认为在增加对民族地区财政支付扶持力度的同时,坚持激励导向,增强民族地区的自我发展能力,把转移支持制度作为促进民族地区走向自我繁荣的手段和途径。 相似文献
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黄远忠 《广西民族大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2004,26(Z1):137-139
广西财政一般性转移支付有效地缓解了部分人均财力偏低,财政运行矛盾十分突出的市县(区)财政困难.从2003年起,广西实施新的一轮一般性转移支付制度,并力求通过进一步完善一般性转移支付制度,最大限度地实现经济欠发达的市县(区)政府行政能力均等化,解决地区间的财力差异. 相似文献
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西部民族地区按照国家主体功能区划属于禁止开发区,不但失去了依靠工业发展的机会,还要为下游地区的可持续发展提供生态屏障,为此而得到的补偿仅来自于政府的财政转移支付,而且补助标准偏低,市场化补偿长期缺位,历史欠账太多,生态产品输出人群后续发展及环境保护乏力。碳汇交易的缘起与快速发展,无疑加快了生态补偿的市场化进程,为西部民族地区生态保护,富边强民提供了新思路。 相似文献
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The ethnic regions of Western Chi ̄na are rich in ecological and cultural tourism re ̄sources. At the same time, the regions are also ec ̄ologically vulnerable areas with large populations of ethnic groups who have lived for a long time in poverty. Based on years’ investigation, it is obvi ̄ous that tourism development, even though it can promote local economic development, has had a significant negative impact on the ecology, envi ̄ronment and local communities. During the 18 th and 17 th National Congresses of the Communist Pary of China, a policy was announced to improve ecological compensation and accelerate the estab ̄lishment of an ecological compensation mecha ̄nism. So far, both government and academia have mainly focused on the effects and necessities of building a mechanism for ecological compensation. Of special concern, even if governments at all lev ̄els sequentially enacted a series of policie with cer ̄tain characteristics of ecological compensation, the public is still questioning the impartiality and legit ̄imacy of the charges of such policy of ecological compensation. Thus, the task of implementing the ecological compensation policy faces many obsta ̄cles. At present, the core research issue on eco ̄logical compensation is no longer just the question of why it should be charged. This question was al ̄ready clearly stated in official documents from cen ̄tral government. Up to now, the core issues that need clarification are:in practice, how the charge be made; what amount of money should be charged;how will the revenue from the charge be used;how will the revenue derived from the charge be audited; and whether or not this charge can help to achieve government objectives in such a way.
Based on the unique background of the ethnic regions of Western China, this paper deeply analy ̄ses issues of implementing policies such as ecologi ̄cal compensation for tourism, including the illegi ̄bility and legitimacy of who should pay, how much should be paid, and how to manage the funds im ̄partially; and providing scientific and reasonable countermeasures to solve these practical problems. Compared with other industries, the tourism indus ̄try became the pioneer for the practice of ecologi ̄cal compensation as well as the research objective of ecological compensation studies. Some research ̄ers defined ecological compensation for tourism as a system of regulating related ecological interests to protect the ecosystems of tourism destinations and promote sustainable development of the tourism in ̄dustry ( Zhang Yiqun, Yang Guihua, 2012 ) . Al ̄though such a definition is still fuzzy, at least it in ̄dicates that the research of ecological compensation for tourism involves interdisciplinary fields inclu ̄ding Economics, Sociology, Ecology and Tourism, etc. Currently, the research of ecological compen ̄sation for tourism has insufficient first hand empiri ̄cal research data. At the same time it has not yet had nationwide impact, either domestically or over ̄seas. The research on implementing policies for the ecological compensation of tourism is at an early stage in China.
Obviously, it is hard to find sufficient re ̄search results or research methods for reference, which brings certain limitations to this paper. To demonstrate the scope of this study, this paper de ̄fined tourism ecological compensation as exploring the feasibility of spending fiscal revenue ( paid by tourism enterprises, tourists or other stakeholders) on protecting natural ecological environment. Based on this definition, this paper generated three actual issues with regard to implementing policies of ecological compensation for tourism, including the vagueness of the charge, the lack of unified, standard levies, and the non-tranparency of fund management. Combined with analyzing the current special background of implementing policies of ec ̄ological compensation for tourism in the ethnic re ̄gions of Western China, and by especially empha ̄sizing the local communities of the ethnic groups who should be compensated, this paper tries to provide scientific and reasonable countermeasures consisting of implementing corresponding national policy, formulating correlated policy in accordance with local conditions and standardizing and institu ̄tionalizing fund management. This paper not only attempts to support strongly implementing policies of ecological compensation for tourism at the insti ̄tutional level, but also to coordinate the contradic ̄tions between tourism development and ecological protection, and local community self - develop ̄ment, hoping to achieve the win-win objectives of promoting an ecological compensation policy for tourism, tourism poverty alleviation and ecological civilization. 相似文献
Based on the unique background of the ethnic regions of Western China, this paper deeply analy ̄ses issues of implementing policies such as ecologi ̄cal compensation for tourism, including the illegi ̄bility and legitimacy of who should pay, how much should be paid, and how to manage the funds im ̄partially; and providing scientific and reasonable countermeasures to solve these practical problems. Compared with other industries, the tourism indus ̄try became the pioneer for the practice of ecologi ̄cal compensation as well as the research objective of ecological compensation studies. Some research ̄ers defined ecological compensation for tourism as a system of regulating related ecological interests to protect the ecosystems of tourism destinations and promote sustainable development of the tourism in ̄dustry ( Zhang Yiqun, Yang Guihua, 2012 ) . Al ̄though such a definition is still fuzzy, at least it in ̄dicates that the research of ecological compensation for tourism involves interdisciplinary fields inclu ̄ding Economics, Sociology, Ecology and Tourism, etc. Currently, the research of ecological compen ̄sation for tourism has insufficient first hand empiri ̄cal research data. At the same time it has not yet had nationwide impact, either domestically or over ̄seas. The research on implementing policies for the ecological compensation of tourism is at an early stage in China.
Obviously, it is hard to find sufficient re ̄search results or research methods for reference, which brings certain limitations to this paper. To demonstrate the scope of this study, this paper de ̄fined tourism ecological compensation as exploring the feasibility of spending fiscal revenue ( paid by tourism enterprises, tourists or other stakeholders) on protecting natural ecological environment. Based on this definition, this paper generated three actual issues with regard to implementing policies of ecological compensation for tourism, including the vagueness of the charge, the lack of unified, standard levies, and the non-tranparency of fund management. Combined with analyzing the current special background of implementing policies of ec ̄ological compensation for tourism in the ethnic re ̄gions of Western China, and by especially empha ̄sizing the local communities of the ethnic groups who should be compensated, this paper tries to provide scientific and reasonable countermeasures consisting of implementing corresponding national policy, formulating correlated policy in accordance with local conditions and standardizing and institu ̄tionalizing fund management. This paper not only attempts to support strongly implementing policies of ecological compensation for tourism at the insti ̄tutional level, but also to coordinate the contradic ̄tions between tourism development and ecological protection, and local community self - develop ̄ment, hoping to achieve the win-win objectives of promoting an ecological compensation policy for tourism, tourism poverty alleviation and ecological civilization. 相似文献
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民族地区城镇化滞后的负面效应分析 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
在完善的市场经济条件下 ,生产要素会自动向城镇集聚 ,因此 ,城镇化是区域经济发展的必然趋势。在我国市场化滞后的条件下 ,城镇化对生产要素的集聚效应发挥有着更加重要的作用。但是 ,由于受多种因素的制约 ,民族地区城镇化严重滞后 ,造成了人口与土地矛盾突出 ;导致了农村剩余劳动力转移的困难 ;加大了扶贫成本 ,影响了扶贫效果 ;不利于生态环境的保护 ;影响了农业经营的规模化、产业化和劳动生产率的提高 ;阻碍了产业结构的调整和第三产业的发展 ;抑制了消费需求的增加 ,导致内需不足 ;不利于教育现代化和人口素质的提高 ;阻碍城镇中心功能的发挥和土地的集约使用。因此 ,应推行积极的城镇化政策 ,加速民族地区城镇化进程 ,以充分发挥生产要素的集聚作用。 相似文献
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均衡发展是新时期义务教育发展的新方向。目前,朝鲜族教育面临着前所未有的严峻挑战,生源锐减、教育经费不足、单亲和留守学生增多、流失生现象严重、大量朝鲜族学生上汉族学校等。朝鲜族基础教育改革和发展的重点在农村,难点也在农村。 相似文献
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民族区域自治制度作为一项特殊的政治制度,不仅适合我国多民族国家的实际,而且提供了可行的初始制度条件,对我国少数民族地区政治建设发挥着积极的推动作用.新形势下,制度不完善使得制度功能的发挥受到限制.不断完善民族区域自治制度,进一步发挥制度功能,是推进少数民族地区政治建设的现实选择. 相似文献
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民族地区的基础教育是青海教育的难点。为了攻破这个难点 :二十年来 ,我省采取了一系列特殊政策和措施 ,使民族地区基础教育有了很大发展 ,并取得了显著成绩 ,为同类地区发展教育事业 ,提高教育教学质量提供了有益经验 相似文献
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论中国少数民族经济法及其研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
中国少数民族经济法是中国少数民族和民族地区经济法律制度的总称,是一个新兴的法学学科和正在逐渐形成的法律部门。它是民族法的重要组成部分,属于跨学科的、特殊的交叉研究领域。它具有特定的研究任务、研究对象、研究范畴和研究方法。调整对象的独特性,决定了中国少数民族经济法的体系的独特性。 相似文献