组织研究方法的回顾与评述

如何处理内外部环境因素、组织结构和组织成员之间的关系这一经典的组织管理问题,在当前复杂快变的环境下有很多新的问题需要重新思考。本研究回顾了组织研究基本范式的发展演变,指出在快变环境中,运用结构形态(Configuration approach)的思想指导组织研究,可以很好地解决诸如整体性割裂、因果链模糊等问题。     

工作场所偏离行为的研究发展回顾及展望

工作场所偏离行为是企业普遍存在的亟待解决的问题,但国内的学术界对此议题的研究相对匮乏。该文献整理了工作场所偏离行为研究的发展的三个阶段:早期零散研究阶段、起步阶段和发展阶段,借以加深学术界对这一组织行为学新兴的研究议题的理解和重视。     

A Review of Plant Specific PRAs

A large number of PRA studies have been completed for specific plants at specific sites. From these studies, taken individually or collectively, many significant insights have evolved into items important to risk and safety. The content of this paper is primarily based on the material contained in the EPRI funded review of five PRA studies: Big Rock Point, Zion, Limerick, Grand Gulf, and Arkansas Nuclear One. The first three were the utility sponsored studies publicly available at the time of project initiation while the other two were deemed representative of the NRC's RSSMAP and IREP programs respectively. The results of PRA studies are usually expressed in terms of core melt frequencies, radionuclide release frequencies, and frequencies of occurrence of different reactor accident consequences (e.g., early and latent fatalities) depending on the level of PRA. These subjects are prominently addressed in this paper. One of the results of a PRA study is identification of a relatively small number of accident sequences that represent the dominant contributors to core melt. An analysis of the salient features of the dominant accident sequences from eleven PRA's yielded a characterization of accident sequence categories discussed at some length. Impact of external events is discussed very briefly. Next to an explicit quantification of public risk or core melt frequency, the identification of specific safety concerns and the evaluation of possible solutions to implement risk management are probably the best recognized and most widely used applications of PRA. Several illustrative examples are briefly discussed. Human interactions are extremely important contributors to safety and reliability of the plants. A review of PRA studies concluded that it was necessary to account for five types of human interactions; some of which may mitigate while others may exacerbate an accident sequence.     

食品系统理论研究综述

随着经济的发展和社会分工的细化,围绕着饮食的供需环境日趋复杂化。因此有必要站在国家粮食和食物供给安全的战略高度从整体的视角对食物的供需变化进行系统的研究。食品系统理论以其独特的研究视角在国际学术界日益受到广泛的关注。本文将食品系统理论的相关文献进行了系统的研究,追溯了食品系统研究的起源,明晰了其理论框架和思想背景,探讨了研究热点和研究现状,并指出研究中存在的不足及今后的研究重点。     

相关性下的银行风险集成研究综述

银行风险之间的相关关系会使风险之间相互转化,相互影响,令风险呈现出放大或者缩小的趋势,显著影响着银行风险度量结果的准确性。银行风险集成致力于在充分考虑银行风险相关关系的基础上,对银行风险进行较为准确的度量。但是银行风险具有相关关系种类繁多、表现形式复杂、以及数据的可获得性差等显著特征,导致银行风险的集成度量领域存在诸多挑战。本文对相关性下的银行风险集成研究进行综述,具体从集成对象、集成方法和集成数据三个层次系统展开。首先对银行风险及其蕴含的种类繁多的相关关系类型进行解析,然后分析银行风险相关关系表征出的多种复杂特性,根据对这些特性的刻画能力对银行风险的集成方法进行划分和比较,最后总结了获取银行风险集成数据的多种途径。在此基础上,进一步分析了银行风险集成研究的难点和未来趋势。     

企业衍生研究述评

通过对企业衍生领域已有典型研究成果的回顾,从企业衍生的概念、分类、动因、衍生企业发展阶段、成功要素及其与母体组织和集群发展的关系等方面评述了已有研究的成就与不足,剖析了研究热点与主要观点,给出了完善相关研究的具体建议。     

干扰管理研究评述

对干扰管理的相关研究进行评述,概述干扰管理思想的形成及发展,分析干扰管理的两大类模型--网络图模型和数学模型,评述求解干扰管理模型的精确算法和启发式算法,并介绍干扰管理在航空、物流配送、供应链、机器调度及项目管理等问题中的应用,最后提出干扰管理的进一步研究方向.     

A Practitioner's Review And Comments

No abstract available for this article.     

组织外部环境不确定性的研究述评

环境不确定性对组织的影响遵循2种逻辑,即效率机制与合法性机制。在总结已有文献对环境不确定性的定义和测量维度的基础上,以及在明确了环境不确定性的概念之后,对有关环境不确定性如何影响组织的文献进行了述评。研究结果表明,不确定性对组织的影响主要体现在制度层、战略和结构3个方面,这些影响有的遵循效率逻辑,有的遵循合法性逻辑。最后,对未来的有关研究提出了建议,即如何对客观环境不确定性进行测量;应继续关注制度环境;尝试用组织社会学中的制度理论解释中国的公司治理实践。     

A Critical Review of Research in Marketing

An historical review of research in three major sub-fields within marketing: market structure and segmentation, market networks and interfirm relationships, and market orientation and the implementation of the marketing concept, suggests that there remain a number of key issues in terms of significance and interpretation. It is noteworthy that these issues, which have important strategic and managerial implications have not, in general, been reflected in the content of key marketing textbooks. A number of more general issues can be derived which are relevant not only to future research in the marketing arena but also the wider context of strategy research.     

Determinants of Union Membership: A Review

The recent drastic decline in trade union membership levels in most Western countries has led to renewed interest in the factors which influence the decision of employees to join unions. This paper discusses the strengths and weaknesses of the three main approaches: structural determinism, individual-level analysis, and conceptual models of trade union joining behaviour. Structural determinism is discussed in the context of the Bainian model and its various extensions. In contrast, the diverse findings in the field of individual-union joining behaviour is assessed by drawing on a comprehensive table comprising all variables examined in this area. The first two sections focus exclusively on trade union joining behaviour as the independent variable whereas the third part of the paper uses an individuals' voting behaviour in the USA. This focus was necessary due to the lack of causal models using union joining behaviour as their dependent variable. The author selects two of the most advanced models for a detailed analysis, and relates the findings to the preceding sections. It is the objective of the paper to critically evaluate the three approaches and their contributions towards understanding this complex field of research.     

A Reflective Review of Disruptive Innovation Theory

Disruptive Innovation Theory has created a significant impact on management practices and aroused plenty of rich debate within academia. Copious as the studies are, the scattered and conflicting nature of the literature on disruptive innovation in the last decade may pose a state of ambiguity for future research, thus necessitating a comprehensive review at this juncture. This paper first clarifies the basic concept and potential misinterpretations of the theory. Believing in the predictive value of the theory on firm performance, the authors then summarize and critique the research on how to enable potential disruptive innovation from internal, external, marketing and technology perspectives. The different perspectives inspired the authors to identify a number of key research directions within the disruptive innovation research domain. Potential future research is also briefly discussed by integrating disruptive innovation with other research domains, such as open innovation. Finally, in addition to theoretical contributions, the authors make practical contributions by outlining a series of potential inhibitors and enablers of disruptive innovation as managerial ‘take‐aways’.     

工作场所无礼行为研究综述

通过从工作场所无礼行为的维度结构、影响因素、影响效果及演变过程等方面,对国内外工作场所无礼行为研究进行了系统述评,并对其未来研究方向进行了展望。     

Knowledge and Identity: A Review

This paper reviews the literature in a number of areas that converge upon the theme of the role of knowledge within professional identity. Within knowledge transfer literature the individual perspective is underdeveloped, and this paper seeks to contribute by exploring the function of knowledge within an individual's professional identity, thus unfolding a theoretical connection between the literatures of knowledge and identity. Its central argument concurs with Szulanski's notion of ‘internal stickiness’ as a barrier to knowledge transfer but extends this hypothesis into the psychological ownership of knowledge and to the idea of ‘possessiveness’. The paper argues that the value of self‐categorized knowledge places the latter within the individual's cognitive structure of their identity. It offers up the idea of valued knowledge to the knowledge transfer domain and suggests that feelings of possessiveness towards knowledge may intervene in the willingness of an individual to disclose knowledge in a knowledge transfer process.     

蚁群算法研究评述

对蚁群算法的相关研究领域进行了评述,阐述并分析了蚁群算法的研究进展,重点介绍了蚁群算法及其一系列改进算法的基本原理和应用研究成果,最后从发展重点和未来应用等方面探讨了蚁群算法研究的进一步发展方向.     

全球战略:一个文献综述

全球战略是国际商务和战略管理领域的一个重要研究问题。本文通过对相关文献进行考察,试图提出一个对全球战略的综合认识。我们的文献回顾显示:(1)全球战略包含多种要素,这些要素可能单独存在,也可能同时存在并起作用;(2)组织设计、组织协调和战略制定过程的公正程度影响全球战略的执行;(3)全球战略对企业绩效的影响受到全球战略类型、企业层面因素和外部环境因素的调节;(4)竞争环境的变化影响全球战略的演变,在一定条件下,全球战略也会向多国战略和地区战略转变。     

IT外包研究现状述评

近年来,IT外包蓬勃发展,成为信息系统领域研究的一个热点问题。本文从IT外包的内涵与IT外包的业务流程出发,首先明确了IT外包的研究内容,在此基础上对IT外包的研究现状进行了归纳与总结,分析了目前研究的不足,并对下一步的研究内容进行了思考和展望。