新生代农民工市民化意愿的影响因素分析——基于广东省三市的调查

通过对广州、深圳、东莞三市外出务工人员的调查数据,运用理性选择理论,分析了新生代农民工市民化意愿及其影响因素。结果发现,年龄、性别、受教育程度和月收入都对新生代农民工的市民化意愿产生了影响;是否在城市购买住房、城市融入感和自我身份认同也影响了新生代农民工的市民化决策;购买城市社会保险显著提高市民化意愿。而务农经历、婚姻状况和是否获得技术等级证书则未对其市民化意愿产生影响。     

新生代农民工市民化意愿影响因素分析

本文基于242份样本数据,从资本和认知的视角出发,使用结构方程模型分析新生代农民工市民化意愿的影响因素。结果表明,新生代农民工对务工动机、农村生活、社会身份和城市生活境遇的认知显著影响其市民化意愿;同时,家庭非农劳动力个数、家乡和家庭的经济水平也对新生代农民工市民化意愿有显著影响。因此,提升新生代农民工的家庭资本水平和追求个体发展的意识,改善其在城市的生存状况,对提高新生代农民工市民化意愿有促进作用。     

新生代农民工市民化意愿影响因素的实证研究--基于人力资本、社会资本和心理资本的考察

本文基于全国198个城市的样本数据,运用二元logistic回归模型,从人力资本、社会资本、心理资本三个维度对新生代农民工市民化意愿影响因素进行了实证分析。结果发现,人力资本中是否参加过培训、培训次数、拥有的技能数以及技术等级四个变量对新生代农民工市民化意愿有显著的影响。而学历水平没能通过显著性检验。社会资本中的外地同学亲戚数和参加社会活动的数量对新生代农民工市民化意愿有显著影响,而当地同学亲戚数没有通过显著性检验。心理资本中城市归属感、本地人态度、对城市同龄人看法三个变量对新生代农民工市民化意愿有显著影响,而对未来变化的预期及生活满意度没有通过显著性检验。因此,在新型城镇化进程中,对新生代农民工人力资本的培育要切合其市民化发展的需要,增加农民工与市民之间的互动,加强对农民工的心理引导,促进农民工实现市民化的心理转变。     

新生代独生子女婚恋失败偏多的成因分析与治理措施-以西北3省30个村的339位新生代农民工为例

论文以西北地区的陕西、甘肃和宁夏30个村的339位新生代农民工为例．对他们市民化意愿及其影响因素进行了统计归纳,并用logistic模型对其影响因素进行分析,深入探究了新生代农民工特征及其市民化意愿．研究结果认为：新生代农民工是否愿意实现市民化都是在特定的环境下做出的抉择。家庭非农收入占家庭总收入的比重、婚姻状况及配偶所在地对新生代农民工市民化存在重大影响。月收入、性别、家庭抚养的小孩数及城市规模是影响新生代农民工市民化的主要因素;是否接受培训、家庭生活水平、受教育程度、当地经济水平及工龄对新生代农民工市民化影响不显著。     

我国新生代农民工市民化的发展路径

新生代农民工作为一支新生的社会力量,在经济发展中发挥着日益重要的作用。而在当下新生代农民工遇到的一个棘手难题是如何实现市民化,成为真正的"城市人"。本文从新生代农民工市民化的现状和影响因素两个角度展开,提出新生代农民工市民化可通过大力发展生产力、改革户籍制度、加强对新生代农民工的培训和人文关怀、适当增加新生代农民工收入、改善城市居住环境和改变对农民工的片面认识实现。     

农民工留城意愿再研究——基于代际差异和职业流动的比较分析

本文将中国农民工流动特征与新迁移理论相结合,系统分析农民工留城意愿的内在机理,从代际差异的角度实证检验两代农民工留城意愿的延续与分化及其影响因素。研究发现:新生代农民工有着更强的留城意愿,但受结构性因素制约,两代农民工留城意愿并未发生根本性变化。职业阶层和职业流动相互作用,职业阶层越高,工作越趋于稳定,农民工越倾向于留城;职业流动次数反向作用于留城意愿。农民工越年轻,人力资本、社会资本越高,居住条件越好,留城意愿越强。农民工城市社会满意度、生活水平变化、工作认知是影响农民工留城意愿的重要因素。建议建立以均等公共服务为核心的新型社会保障制度,提升农民工人力资本水平,创造更好的就业机会,实现农民工市民化。     

新生代农民工与城市居民的社会距离分析

本文运用2008年宁波城市新生代农民工调查数据,对新生代主体视角下与城市居民社会距离的现状及影响凶素进行了探讨。分析结果发现：以新生代农民工为主体视角的社会距离建立在融入意愿和排斥预期两个层面基础上;与上一代农民工相比．新生代农民工与城市居民的社会距离在增大。社会经济地位、社会关系网络、居住空间和社会文化会显著影响新生代农民丁的社会距离。要促进新生代农民丁的城市融人,缩短新生代农民工与城市居民的社会距离,需要新生代农民工、城市居民、政府和社会等多方行动者的共同努力。     

新生代农民工定居城市意愿影响因素分析

以西北四省936位新生代农民工的实地调查数据为依据,运用二元Logistic回归方法,对影响新生代农民工定居城市意愿的因素进行分析。结果显示,性别、受教育程度、工作单位性质、对居住条件的满意程度、对城市青年的态度和户籍制度对新生代农民工定居城市的意愿有显著影响,此外,婚姻状况、月储蓄、参加社会保险的情况和原住地经济水平也对新生代农民工迁移城市的意愿具有一定影响。     

人力资本、社会资本对新生代农民工创业意愿影响研究--基于四川省1109份调查数据

本文利用四川省1109名新生代农民工的调查数据,运用有序Probit模型重点探讨人力资本和社会资本对新生代农民工创业意愿的影响。研究结果表明,人力资本和社会资本对新生代农民工的创业意愿存在积极影响。其中,人力资本方面,除了文化程度与新生代农民工创业意愿没有显著关系外,健康状况、技能水平、培训次数及工作经验对新生代农民工的创业意愿均有显著影响。社会资本方面,朋友圈范围和从政或从商亲戚数量对新生代农民工的创业意愿有显著影响。     

新生代农民工市民化现状及影响因素分析

新生代农民工市民化是十二五时期推进我国城镇化发展的重要方面。首先,在已有研究的基础上,通过建立一个包括8个二级指标和9个三级指标的市民化水平分析指数,并利用等权重的办法对每个指标赋予相同的权重,复合出新生代农民工市民化水平这一变量,并计算出目前我国的新生代农民工处于中市民化阶段;进而对影响新生代农民工市民化水平的微观因素进行了探讨。回归结果表明,新生代农民工的性别、年龄、是否具有务农经验、是否是独生子女对于市民化水平有显著的影响;而家庭因素,如打工期间是否与家人同住、父亲是否在外打工对新生代农民工的市民化水平的影响并不显著;新生代农民工主观认知层面的自评经济状况好坏以及对城市的归属感是影响其市民化水平的显著变量。     

Happy life-expectancy

One of the aims of social indicator research is to develop a comprehensive measure of quality-of-life in nations that is analogous to GNP in economic indicator research. For that purpose, several multi dimensional indexes have been proposed. In addition to economic performance, these also acknowledge the nation's success in matters like schooling and social equality. The most current indicator of this type is the ‘Human Development Index’. In this approach QOL is measured by input; the degree to which society provides conditions deemed beneficial (‘presumed’ QOL). The basic problem is that one never knows to what extent the cherished provisions are really good for people. An alternative is measuring QOL in nations by output, and consider how well people actually flourish in the country. This ‘apparent’ QOL can be measured by the degree to which citizens live long and happily. This conception is operationalized by combining registration based estimates of length-of-life, with survey data on subjective appreciation-of-life. Life-expectancy in years is multiplied by average happiness on a 0–1 scale. The product is named ‘Happy Life-Expectancy’ (HLE), and can be interpreted as the number of years the average citizen in a country lives happily at a certain time. HLE was assessed in 48 nations in the early 1990's. It appears to be highest in North-West European nations (about 60) and lowest in Africa (below 35). HLE scores are systematically higher in nations that are most affluent, free, educated, and tolerant. Together, these country-characteristics explain 70% of the statistical variance in HLE. Yet HLE is not significantly related to unemployment, state welfare and income equality, nor to religiousness and trust in institutions. HLE does not differ either with military dominance and population pressure. The conclusion is that HLE qualifies as the envisioned comprehensive social indicator. It has both clear substantive meaning (happy life-years) and theoretical significance (ultimate output measure). HLE differentiates well. Its correlations fit most assumptions about required input, but also challenge some. The indicator is likely to have political appeal.     

Exploring the Traits of Happy People

This paper explores self-reported happiness across afourfold personality framework that synthesizespsychoanalytic and psychometric approaches topersonality structure. Using survey data from arepresentative sample of the U.S. adult population, weidentified four personality types rooted in two basicdimensions – Extraversion/Introversion andTendermindedness/Toughmindedness. On a general level,we found that Extraverts were happier than Introverts,and Tendermindeds were happier than Toughmindeds. More specifically, we identified patterns ofsimilarities and differences across personality typesin the meaning of happiness with respect to goodeating habits, financial insecurity, anxiety andtension, financial optimism, and health concerns.     

What Makes Koreans Happy?: Exploration on the Structure of Happy Life among Korean Adults

The current study explored the perceptions of Korean people about what can make them happy and constructed a comprehensive measurement of happiness of Korean. A total of 61 Korean adults participated in Focused Group Interview (FGI), where they were asked three questions (e.g., What makes you happy? What could make you happier than now? In general, who is a happy person?). Participants’ responses were reviewed by the present investigators independently and 152 statements of happy life with 18 categories were derived from content-analysis. The list of 152 statements of happy life was administered to 517 Korean adults to assess the importance of each item for Koreans’ happy life through the objective rating scale (6-point Likert scale). Confirmatory factor analysis showed that most factors were unidimensional. The items with low reliability were deleted and some new items were added, resulting in the experimental form of the Happy Life Inventory with 156 items and 18 categories including a new category of religion. The preliminary form of the Happy Life Inventory and the Psychological Well-being scale were administered to a nationwide sample of 1503 Korean adults in order to assess their happiness through 6-point Likert scale. The responses from 877 participants were submitted to exploratory factor analysis. The items with low factor loadings were excluded and 98 items with 16 factors were included in the final version of the Happy Life Inventory. Confirmatory factor analysis of the responses from 611 subjects confirmed that the 16 factor model was appropriate and most categories had one underlying dimension with moderate to high reliabilities. Correlations between the Happy Life Inventory and the psychological well-being scale supported construct validity of the Happy Life Inventory. Suggestions for further research were discussed.     

老年人口居住安排与居住意愿研究

文章基于2011年中国社会状况调查数据,分析城乡老年人口居住安排现状及居住意愿。研究结果表明,老年人口家庭规模日益缩小,老年空巢家庭数量不仅在城市大幅提高,农村的独居老人家庭比例也在持续上升。在老年人理想居住方式方面,能否自理对老年人的养老意愿产生很大影响。在生活可以自理时,老年人以居家养老为主,希望独居的比例较高;在生活不能自理时,城市老人希望到机构养老和与子女同住的比例提高。此外,婚姻状况、教育程度、居住地类型、生活费来源等对养老的居住安排有显著影响。     

Happy Tourists,Unhappy Locals

The most recent of literature focuses more often on the happiness of tourists, rather than the happiness of residents affected by tourism. However, this study aims at filling this gap with a new and refreshing perspective. This is carried out by using the European Social Survey (2010–2012) merged with Eurostat tourism data at the province (NUTS2) level. Staying consistent with homophily or ingroup preference theories, we find that domestic tourists contribute more to the happiness of locals than foreign tourists. Also by staying consistent with Irridex theory, we find that tourism at low levels of development contributes more to happiness than tourism at a high level of development.     

What Do Happy People Do?

Little attention in the quality-of-life literature has been paid to data on the daily activity patterns of happy and less happy people. Using ratings-scale information from time-diary studies, this article examines the hypothesis that people who describe themselves as happier engage in certain activities more than those who describe themselves as less happy. Based on 34 years of data collected by the General Social Survey (GSS) on social activities and media usage, it is found that people who are happy report being more active in most social activities, in religion and in newspaper reading. On the other hand, happier people report less time watching television, a relation that holds after control for education, marital status and other predictors of happiness. The need to replicate these findings using panel data is highlighted.     

Living Conditions in the Arctic

This paper introduces a model for conductingresearch on living conditions among peoplesthat have experienced rapid social, culturaland economic change in countries where anon-parallel development has occurred. Thismodel was developed by the researchers ofSLICA, A Survey of Living Conditions inthe Artic; Inuit, Saami and the IndigenousPeoples of Chukotka, which was initiated byStatistics Greenland in 1997.The point of departure for this model is acritique of contemporary living conditionssurveys carried out by national statisticalbureaus in economically, technologically andculturally segmented areas. The point of viewis that these studies erroneously assume thatthe populations they investigate arehomogeneous, and that consensus concerningindividual social and economic objectivesexists. This usually leads to research designsand indicators of individual well-being thatreflect the dominant culture, or the prevalentway of living and thinking in these countries.The focus of this paper is on the researchdesign of SLICA. The implementation of twoimportant methodological challenges isdiscussed. Namely, (1) how to secure acontext-specific concept of well-being whichalso mirrors the life forms and the prioritiesof the respondents and (2) how to measureimpacts of structural change on individualwell-being.     

经济独立才是农村老年人晚年幸福的首要条件--应用霍曼斯交换理论对农村老年人供养方式的分析和建议

通过对我国大部分农村地区养老方式的分析研究.认为家庭养老是最主要的形式,具有很大的优越性,但也存在着很多问题.认为应该利用利益机制来改善养老状况,明确老年人对土地的权利主体和利益主体的地位,使子女在养老的前提下,能得到土地使用权的拥有和继承,使养老在较好的交换条件下进行.同时,政府应用减免老年人农业税和各种提留的手段支持农村的家庭养老事业.     

Assisted Living and the Aging Trajectory

ABSTRACT

Assisted living (AL) is a caregiving option between independent living and nursing home placement. This study explores women residents' experience of AL in four Midwestern facilities, using interview and field research methods. We found that most residents wanted to stay in AL rather than move to a nursing home; they looked backward nostalgically toward home, and complied with staff rules and directives in order to remain in place. In contrast to nursing homes, AL allows residents to experience continuities with self and home: a private room, some of their own belongings, and access to relationships and activities associated with self and home. Given the expanded lifespan and growing popularity of AL, it is becoming a new stage in the trajectory of women's aging.     

老年教师的生活需求状况研究

文章通过对中国人民大学百名离退休教师问卷调查资料的分析 ,描绘了老年教师这一特殊群体的生活方式和生活质量现状及其他们的物质和精神生活需求状况 ,并在此基础上展望了老龄市场的发展前景。