论马克思人的全面自由发展理论

"一切人的自由发展"与"每个人的自由发展"及其辩证关系,构成了马克思"人的全面自由发展"理论的基本内客.每个人的自由发展的可能性,存在于一切人的自由发展不断实现的过程中,伴随着这个进程的加深,每个人的自由发展的程度也在不断提高."两种自由发展"的思想,为我国当前社会主义和谐社会的构建提供了理论依据和政策导向.     

论柏拉图哲学中人的感性存在之放逐

在整个传统哲学中,由于理性形而上学的绝对霸主地位,人的感性存在一直处在被压抑或被边缘化的状态.追根溯源,柏拉图哲学是这种理性形而上学的真正滥觞.在柏拉图哲学的对话中,他不仅在时话的内容上通过提出著名的、具有本体论意义的"共相"论来论证理性高于感性,而且在其对话的哲学表现形式的风格上,也要尽力去让理智得到颂扬、感性得到贬低.追思感性的这种遭遇,对我们反思传统哲学的得失,重建当代哲学不无裨益.     

马克思异化理论的社会价值批判纬度探析

从马克思异化理论的历史发展脉络来看,马克思的异化理论主要关注的是社会异化的产生和消除,以及社会异化对个人发展的影响,个人在怎样的社会条件中才能获得全面和自由的发展.从马克思异化理论中提炼出人与自然、人与人、人与社会三个纬度上的意义,为社会主义和谐社会的建设提供了丰富的理论资源,而且这些理论中蕴含的社会价值批判纬度对人类社会的进步也具有非常重要的现实意义.     

Understanding and Representing Human Services Knowledge

Expert systems-computerized decision consultants-offer potential for human service professionals to share expertise and reduce variability in decision making. The development of such systems is particularly important in the field of child protection because of high staff turnover and complex decision making requirements. This paper presents a method for knowledge acquisition in building a prototype expert system in child welfare. Patterns of decision making are traced and translated into computer-based rules. Solutions to research problems in developing expert systems are presented. Continued refinement of research practice in this area can lead to the development of usable expert systems for the social services.     

“躲避崇高”与人的无根生存

本文关注的主要是现代人精神生活中的“躲避崇高”这一现象,首先描述了“躲避崇高”现象在当代人生活中的表现,其次笔者尝试着从现代性价值的确立这个角度来对躲避崇高这一现象进行阐释。指出:现代性价值对人们生活的裹挟与人们生活中的“躲避崇高”现象密切相关。最后论述了“躲避崇高”的后果,“躲避崇高”造成了现代人生存的无根性,生活的厚重感被剥除,使生命处于“不能承受之轻”之中。     

理解人类行为的三维框架及其教学应用——《人类行为与社会环境》课程教学思考

《人类行为与社会环境》作为社会工作专业基础课程,其知识体系的构建应基于综合生物、心理、社会视角而成的三维框架。为这一框架引入生物学思想可以丰富其内涵和认知深度。三维框架的具体体现是依据纵横结合和锥形开放式逻辑构建并呈现有关人类行为的知识体系。据此进行教学可兼顾知识性和思想性,从而有助于深化人类行为与社会环境课程教学。     

Simulating Human Behavior for Understanding and Managing Environmental Resource Use

Computer simulation allows for the experimental study of dynamic interactions between human behavior and complex environmental systems. Behavioral determinants and processes as identified in social-scientific theory may be formalized in simulated agents to obtain a better understanding of man–environment interactions and of policy measures aimed at managing these interactions. A number of exemplary agent-based simulation studies is discussed to demonstrate how simulations can be used to identify behavioral determinants and processes underlying environmental problems, and to explore the possible effects of policy strategies. Finally, we highlight how agent-based simulation may contribute to our understanding of the dynamics of environmental resources, and how to manage them in a sustainable way.     

The Various Roles of Animal Models in Understanding Human Development

In this article, the authors take a very conservative view of the contribution of animal models to an understanding of human development. We do not think that homologies can be readily documented with even our most closely related relatives’ behavior and psychological functioning. The major contribution of animal models is their provision of food for thought (hypotheses, not facts) about human development and general principles of development, and we describe some of the more significant and interesting of these at length. We also briefly discuss the other applications of animal research toward understanding the development and evolution of behavior, more generally speaking.     

Science versus Human Welfare? Understanding Attitudes toward Animal Use

Scientists have been portrayed as having an uncaring attitude toward the use of animals and being inclined to reject the possibility of animal mind ( Baldwin, 1993 ; Blumberg & Wasserman, 1995 ), yet there is little empirical research to support these claims. We examined why disparate attitudes toward animal use are held. Scientists, animal welfarists, and laypersons (N = 372) were compared on questionnaire responses that measured attitudes toward four types of animal use, and factors that might underlie these views (including belief in animal mind). As expected, scientists and animal welfarists held polarized views on all measures, whereas laypersons fell between the two. Animal welfarists were consistently opposed to all types of animal use, whereas scientists expressed support for the use of animals for medical research, but not for dissection, personal decoration, and entertainment. Animal welfarists showed high levels of belief in animal mind for 13 animal types, and scientists believed some of the 13 animals to have at least a moderate capacity for cognition and most to have at least a moderate capacity for sentience. Hence, the negative image of the science community that is often portrayed was not supported by our data. Findings were discussed in relation to external (group membership) and internal (belief systems) factors, and it is concluded that some people hold fixed attitudes toward animal use, whereas others are more influenced by context.     

"网络时代"与人的存在方式变革

时代的变革,从根本上说是变革人自身的存在方式,因此,我们需要从人的存在方式变革的视角去思考正在到来的"网络时代",而不是泛泛地议论"网络"的正、负两面效应.具体地说,"网络"变革了人的世界图景,认识方式和实践方式,因而从总体上变革了人自身的存在方式.