制造业供应商选择——基于熵权与TOPSIS法的分析

本文在回顾国内外相关文献、综合评述目前供应商选择方法的基础上,采用了熵权与TOPSIS相结合的制造业供应商选择评价方法。用熵权确定指标权重能够有效避免人的主观因素,并通过一个水泥机械生产企业的实例来说明此方法的实践意义。     

基于离差函数和联合熵的组合赋权方法

针对多指标评价权重确定问题,提出了基于最小离差和最大广义联合熵的组合赋权方法。该方法一方面综合考虑了各评价方法从不同角度所确定的权向量,使确定的理想组合评价权向量与所有其他方法的评价权向量之间的总体偏差为最小;另一方面尽量消除组合赋权的不稳定性,使各方法各指标权数赋予平衡因子后广义的联合熵最大,使得全局的不确定性最小、最为合理,由此建立了组合权系数优化模型。最后通过实例说明了此方法的合理性。     

中国省域投资环境竞争力评价研究

由于我国地域辽阔,而且经济发展极不平衡,各地区投资环境差异很大。所以,外商在我国投资面临一个投资区位选择的问题。本文给出了地区投资环境竞争力的理论框架,在此基础上给出了地区投资环境竞争力评价的指标体系;采用主成分分析法确定指标权重;给出地区投资环境竞争力层次模型与主成分分析相结合的评价方法;最后对我国各省市区投资环境竞争力进行基本评价并作出分析。     

基于熵权的项目管理招投标决策方法及应用研究

本文介绍一种基于熵权的决策方法,该方法充分利用了评价指标及其属性值所包含的信息量.根据熵和熵权的性质,得出与熵权相结合的综合权重,可以判断评价指标及其属性值的合理性.对评价方法本身的风险度量,可以衡量评价结果的可靠性水平.通过实例研究,说明了该方法在项目管理招投标中的具体应用并对其科学性和合理性进行了验证.     

不确定条件下基于熵权值的供应商选择研究

基于不确定条件情境下利用信息熵的方法对供应商的选择评价作出分析。给出在不确定条件下基于熵权值的供应商选择方案,构建供应商选择指标体系,将信息熵确定权重应用到供应链合作伙伴选择和评价中,旨在使评价方案更加客观。     

山东省FDI区位选择研究

本文用主成分回归分析方法建立多元回归模型,对山东省外商直接投资的区位选择进行了实证分析,得出结论:各地区已有的外商投资水平、交通运输水平、规模以上工业总产值、科技水平、地理位置等因素有较大影响。最后,对山东省下一步如何更好地引进和利用外资提出了一些建议。     

基于灰色关联熵的物流企业竞争力评价研究

本文主要构建了基于灰色关联熵的物流企业竞争力评价体系。首先通过文献综述法和问卷调查法给出了物流企业竞争力评价指标体系,接着提出对多种主客观赋权法利用OWA算子进行集合,得到物流企业竞争力评价指标的组合权重;最后利用信息熵的概念和灰色关联度的原理对TOPSIS方法进行改进,给出了基于灰色关联熵的物流企业竞争力评价方法。     

基于熵权理论和双响应曲面的稳健设计

稳健设计旨在选择可控因子的水平组合来降低产品或过程对噪声因子的敏感性,从而能够有效地提高和改进产品质量。针对稳健设计中如何确定权重和建立优化模型的问题,本文提出了基于熵权理论和双响应曲面的稳健设计方法;并通过结合两个实例对所提方法进行了实证研究。研究结果表明,结合熵权理论与双响应曲面法能够有效地实现产品的稳健设计。     

基于结构熵权法的新能源汽车车身材料选择

针对新能源汽车车身材料选择中考虑因素较多的问题,文章研究了一种基于结构熵权法的新能源汽车车身材料选择方法。该方法将定性分析与定量分析相结合,利用结构熵权法确定指标权重,计算过程简单,不存在某项限制性校验。实际算例分析验证了该方法的有效性。     

基于最小偏差组合权重的突发事件应急能力评价模型

在突发事件应急能力评价问题中存在着不同评价方法的冲突性,即群决策评价结果的方法依赖性问题。本文以高速公路突发事件应急能力评价为研究对象,提出了基于最小偏差组合权重的评价模型。首先,系统地分析了高速公路突发事件应急能力的评价问题,建立了基于过程管理的高速公路突发事件应急能力评价的指标体系。根据语言评价指标分别运用二元语义层次分析法、G1主观赋权法和基于熵值法的二元语义赋权法等三种方法确定各评价指标的权重,然后综合各种评价方法构建了基于最小偏差的组合权重线性规划模型,确定准则层的最优复合权重,得出高速公路应急能力的评价值。最后,以上海"9·14"重大道路交通事故作为应急能力评价的分析案例,比较了不同评价模型的结果,并对评价指标进行敏感性分析。研究结果表明,基于最小偏差组合权重的评价模型能够在多个评价模型中达到最大的一致性,从而有效地减少了群决策中不同主客观评价方法的"极化"效应。     

一种基于TOPSIS的混合型多属性群决策方法

本文针对具有语言型和直觉模糊数两种评价信息的混合型多属性群决策问题,提出了一种基于TOPSIS的决策方法。首先,定义了新的函数,可将不同粒度的语言评价信息转换成直觉模糊数。其次,在直觉模糊数熵值的基础上,提出了一种新的专家权重确定模型。再次,利用IFWA算子在把个体决策矩阵集结为群体决策矩阵后,基于TOPSIS分别计算群体评价值到正理想解和负理想解的距离,从而得到方案集的排序。最后,在ERP选优问题中的应用,验证了方法的有效性。     

外商直接投资、产学研合作与地区创新绩效 ——来自中国省级面板数据的实证研究

本文构建了外商直接投资、产学研合作的溢出效应和地区创新绩效的分析框架,运用中国省级面板数据进行实证分析,检验了外商直接投资与产学研合作的溢出效应在对区域创新产出和创新效率的影响上存在何种关系(互补/替代)。研究表明:在对区域产品相关创新产出的影响上,外商直接投资与产学研合作作为两类知识获取渠道存在替代关系;在对区域专利相关和产品相关创新效率的影响上,外商直接投资与产学研合作作为两类知识获取渠道存在替代关系。在上述结论的基础上,本文对中国区域创新绩效提升提出了相关的政策建议。     

The effect of informal and formal institutions on foreign market entry selection and performance

We investigate the impact of informal institutional distance and formal institutions on a key decision (namely location choice) of multinational enterprises (MNEs) when they expand abroad through foreign direct investment. The findings of the research that has analyzed these decisions have been non-conclusive, and this study aims to provide further theoretical and empirical evidence by considering the interaction effect of informal institutional distance and formal institutions in the location choice and its performance implications. Through an analysis of the internationalization of mobile telecommunications carriers, we demonstrate that formal institutions in a host country positively moderate the negative relationship between informal institutional distance and the likelihood of an MNE entering that country. Moreover, we find that those location choices that can be predicted through the institutional lens obtain higher performance than those entries that cannot be predicted through the interaction of informal and formal institutions.     

THE PLANT LOCATION DECISION IN MULTINATIONAL MANUFACTURING FIRMS: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS AND MANUFACTURING STRATEGY PERSPECTIVES

The paper combines perspectives from international business and manufacturing to examine multinational plant location decisions. The location choice in manufacturing is between integrated and independent plants, while the international choice is between a foreign and domestic plant relative to their headquarters' country. The study empirically investigates whether these choices have different plant location determinants using data from a survey of plant managers of large, multinational firms. We find more evidence that the manufacturing choices benefit from consideration of international business issues than vice versa. However, managers rank determinants associated with manufacturing strategy considerably higher than those associated with intemational business.     

Investing Profitably in China: is it Getting Harder?

Using information from the Toyo Keizai, this article studies the performance of 2,962 foreign subsidiaries across the period 1985-1999 to show a picture of declining profitability from foreign direct investment by MNE’s in China. Despite the influence of macro-level factors, such as the historically fluctuating performance of the Chinese economy, we observed that of the many factors that may affect profitability, subsidiary-specific factors had the greater influence. The findings suggest that there are significant benefits for early entrants into the market, but caution against the use of high majority ownership control. Other evidence showed that larger subsidiaries tended to perform better. Managerial implications for MNEs and the future prospects of foreign direct investment in China are discussed.Since China opened up to the outside world in 1979, it has been attracting increasing amounts of foreign direct investment (FDI), and after 1993 became the second largest recipient of FDI flows in the world. Meanwhile, a major participant in the upsurge in global foreign direct investment in the 1990s was Japan. By the mid-1990s, Japan became the second largest FDI source country in the world behind the United States. China, in particular, has become a major destination for Japan’s direct investments, absorbing one-ninth of all Japanese foreign investments at the end of 1996.¹Studying Japan’s worldwide direct foreign investment, we found that the proportion of profitable Japanese subsidiaries in China has been declining. In fact, this was the only part of the world where this was the case. While over 71 percent of Japanese subsidiaries in China claimed profits in 1992, the percentage steadily slipped to around 50 percent by 1999 (see Table 1). This poses two interesting questions. Is it really getting harder to invest profitably in China? And what could have influenced the profit performance of foreign subsidiaries in China?     

基于期望效用-熵模型的基金评级方法及其在中国基金评级中的应用

基金评级对于投资者来说具有重要的参考价值,研究合适的基金评级方法非常必要。本文针对晨星评级对风险调整和预测能力不足的特征,研究应用期望效用-熵（EU-E）模型基金评级方法对我国开放式基金进行评级的预测能力;并以Sharpe指数、Jensen、Fama-French三因素和Carhart四因素α作为业绩指标,利用固定效应面板数据回归模型对期望效用-熵模型和随机效应面板数据回归模型对晨星基金评级的预测能力进行比较分析。采用样本期由2011年2月到2016年6月的261只基金为研究样本进行评级;研究结果表明,基于期望效用-熵平衡系数λ=0.25和0.75时,EU-E模型基金评级方法评级具有良好的预测能力,而晨星评级预测能力较弱。特别地,λ=0.25和0.75时,EU-E模型评级的五星级基金业绩优于晨星评级对应的基金业绩,而且相比于晨星评级可以更好地区分不同星级基金的业绩。另外,研究结论对于短期、中期和长期的样本都是稳健的。     

Country location choices of service multinationals: An empirical study of the international hotel sector

This article examines international country location choices for equity investment undertaken by global hotel chains. Why do certain host countries attract more hotel investment than others? A second underlying issue that we tackle in this article is whether the traditional foreign direct investment determinants used in past studies on manufacturing also apply to services—or whether service sector-specific determinants are better explanatory variables for understanding the distribution of service foreign direct investment across countries.     

Unions and the Welfare Impact of Foreign Direct Investment — A Wisdom Extension

Abstract. This paper extends the recent literature, e.g. Leahy and Montagna (Economic Journal 110: 80–92, 2000), in relation to the link between unionization, inward foreign direct investment (FDI) and country welfare in an oligopoly market structure. It is shown that the common results, that unions may reduce welfare under FDI while multinational enterprises (MNEs) will strictly trade off union wages at each location, are generally driven by the assumption relating to the scope of the bargaining with the union, namely the ‘right to manage’ (RTM). In particular, our extension to efficient bargaining (EB) demonstrates that union power may increase welfare in the presence of FDI, while the MNEs’ choice between FDI and exports will include profit‐sharing arbitrage with unions, in addition to the usual wage comparison considerations.     

基于CI-TOPSIS的梯形直觉模糊多准则群决策分类方法

模糊群决策分类方法广泛应用于政治、经济与社会生活各个领域,可有效避免个人知识与经验局限性所导致的决策失误。针对信息不完备的多准则群决策问题,提出基于CI-TOPSIS的梯形直觉模糊多准则群决策分类方法。首先,给出梯形直觉模糊集及广义梯形直觉模糊几何聚类算子,兼顾考虑群决策中相应依赖属性与决策者的决策偏好。其次,给出基于离散Choquet积分的TOPSIS算子（CI-TOPSIS）,以此为基础,进一步给出基于CI-TOPSIS的梯形直觉模糊多准则群决策分类步骤,用于确定具有最大可信度群体一致案例比较信息集,并逐步引导决策者给出部分及全部方案的精确分类,充分考虑模糊决策环境下决策者偏好与案例比较信息的级别关系。最后,通过一个投资决策实例对所提出的多准则分类方法进行验证。实例分析表明：该方法克服了决策过程中信息的遗漏,充分保留了决策过程中信息的完备性,更适用于直觉模糊群决策环境下的决策实践,是一种非常有效和科学的方法,可应用推广到更多决策领域。本文所得结论,对于有效解决多人多投资方案的群决策问题,具有一定的借鉴意义。     

Budgets for integrating decentralized investment and production planning

Planning for an economic enterprise can be dichotomized into short-run production planning and longer-run investment planning. Usually these problems are treated as if they were separate, if not independent. This paper briefly reviews the separate approaches to optimal production decision making and investment planning, ‘fusing’ these models in order to consider the two issues simultaneously. The resulting ‘fused’ model is used to illustrate several difficulties which result from an intuitive synthesis of the independent solutions of the production problem and the investment problem. An integrated model is presented representing a centralized simultaneous solution for decision variables from the two functional fields. The paper compares and contrasts the synthesis of separate functional models to the decomposition of a simultaneous model of those functional areas. A result of this comparison is a theoretical justification for operating budgets and revenue targets as organizational mechanisms for achieving coordinated plans among decentralized planning units. Further, the set of conditions are identified under which the two approaches to simultaneous decision making are equivalent.