NGO小额信贷资金困境与覆盖面广度的考察与诠释

国际经验证明NGO小额信贷是缓解农户融资难和扶贫的重要形式,但资金困境是困扰其发展的主要问题。我国NGO小额信贷机构主要依赖不稳定的捐赠资金,缺乏其他合法融资来源。资金短缺直接制约我国NGO小额信贷机构的覆盖面广度,在理论上也充分验证了这个问题。应该通过组建小额信贷批发基金,培育有责任的社会投资者,加强机构自身能力建设吸引外界资金,政府要支持融资渠道创新,达到缓解NGO小额信贷资金困境,扩大覆盖面广度的目的。     

论中国小额信贷产业可持续发展的瓶颈及对策

在本轮拉动内需振兴经济的活动中,全国上下都在积极发展小额信贷,希望为农村经济和中小企业的发展提供更多的金融支持。但在其他国家已逐渐形成规模化、制度化的小额信贷产业（microfinance industry）,在中国却还没有得到实质性的发展。本文依据中国小额信贷发展的具体情况,分析了制约小额信贷产业可持续发展的资金来源、利率定价机制、风险控制机制等瓶颈,并提出了有针对性的对策和建议,希望促进中国小额信贷产业的可持续发展。     

论小额信贷扶贫对象主体问题

论小额信贷扶贫对象主体问题徐鲜梅近年来，小额信贷日益成为我国扶贫攻坚的重要手段。以贫困妇女为项目目标是小额信贷的重要特征，这是由贫困妇女的贫困现实和社会经济地位，以及信贷的性质和特点决定的。小额信贷对于农村妇女脱贫，农村妇女物质生活、精神风貌改善乃至...     

网络快讯

小额信贷与雄心壮志Compartamos(墨西哥的一家小额信贷机构)也许不是墨西哥最大的银行,但却是最重要的银行。建立于1990年的这家非营利组织,向穷人发放小额的非抵押商业贷款,目前已拥有61.2万个客户,并赚取了利润。它是受到国际信贷评级机构评级的为数不多的几家微型贷款机构之     

小额信贷机构社会绩效与财务绩效协调发展可能性与制约因素分析

小额信贷机构的发展备受学术界和实践界的关注。小额信贷机构既要追求财务可持续,也要实现社会目标,完成政府建立的初衷。小额信贷机构社会绩效与财务绩效协调发展过程中存在相互促进和制约两种可能性。实现二者的协调发展受一些因素制约,如机构的身份、资金、机构发展趋势、社会绩效制度和利率等,这需要政府和机构从环境、社会绩效制度和系统建设、利率市场化、资金来源、技术创新和产品开发等几个方面努力。     

新制度经济视角下的信贷效率分析

考虑到信贷市场结构的实质就是正规和非正规,从新制度经济学的视角,将研究范围放在比较两类信贷市场效率,通过交易费用、信息不对称、制度变迁理论对信贷市场效率的影响几个方面进行了系统梳理,厘清信贷市场效率研究的脉络,并展望了信贷市场未来发展的研究方向,总结了通过科学的制度安排,建立两类信贷市场平行竞争和垂直互补的平台,为信贷市场的发展提供理论借鉴和现实启示。     

试论当代国际信贷发展的新特点

战后作为国际金融市场的两大组成部分之一的国际信贷市场发展迅速，并日益成为整个世界经济界十分关注的焦点之一。经过近40多年的发展，当前国际信贷发展表现出许多新的特点。改革开放以来，我国利用国际信贷也取得很大发展，对我国经济发展起了重要作用，因此，认真研究当代国际信贷发展的特点．具有重要的理论和现实意义。一、国际信贷的规模不断扩大战后，由于第三次科技革命的发展，欧洲货币市场的产生以及石油美元的扩大，使世界范围内的国际信贷获得极大发展，其规模巨大。以国际信贷市场最重要的一部分——欧洲货币信贷为例，50年代…     

存款市场势力、国有股东与银行信贷——基于地方商业银行的视角

我国地方商业银行的信贷行为在受到存款市场势力作用的同时，还会受到国有股东的影响。基于此，本文选取全国103家地方商业银行2010—2020年的面板数据进行实证分析。研究发现：地方商业银行存款市场势力的增大会抑制信贷投放水平；国有股东明显提升了地方商业银行的信贷投放水平，但存款市场势力会显著削弱国有股东的作用效果；对第一大股东性质为国有的地方商业银行来说，无论经济处于上行周期还是下行周期，存款市场势力的增大都会明显抑制总信贷投放水平。据此，相关部门在制定政策时要处理好市场与政府的关系，引导地方商业银行适当平衡自身利益诉求与社会发展目标，推动地方商业银行与地区经济协同发展。     

统筹城乡金融背景下的农村小额信贷法律规制研究

中国长期实行的二元经济结构使得城乡发展严重失衡,特别是城乡金融配置的严重失衡阻碍了农村经济发展和农民增收,需要统筹城乡金融作为有效供给农村金融的突破口。以农村小额信贷作为农民获得金融服务并实现自我发展的有效形式,以农民金融需求为导向进行法律规制的研究,对于调节城乡失衡、促进和谐社会的建设具有重要的意义。     

小额贷款公司与中小企业融资解析

从混合策略博弈模型的视角出发,分析小额贷款公司在中小企业融资中的作用,对小贷公司放贷和中小企业需贷的动态互动行为模式进行了描述。研究发现小额贷款公司自身的经营能力、项目收益以及预期坏账率具有至关重要的作用,为小额信贷公司支持中小企业融资提出相应的政策建议。     

陕西区域金融市场发展现状评析

金融市场结构是质与量相统一的相对独立系统,一个国家或区域的金融市场结构优化与否直接反映了其金融市场发展水平的高低,金融市场结构的失衡制约了金融市场整体功能的充分发挥和核心竞争能力的进一步提升。针对陕西区域金融市场供求结构失衡、金融中介机构效率较低等问题,应完善区域金融市场体系和生态环境建设,提高金融体系运行效率;大力发展各类金融中介机构,不断提升经济发展的金融化水平。     

Can we count on each other? Reciprocity and conflicts in financial support in Sweden

Espvall M, Dellgran P. Can we count on each other? Reciprocity and conflicts in financial support in Sweden
Int J Soc Welfare 2010: 19: 84–94 © 2008 The Author(s), Journal compilation © 2008 Blackwell Publishing Ltd and the International Journal of Social Welfare. This article explores the experiences of reciprocity and conflicts in social relationships, and how these experiences are related to financial support (loans and gifts) in the wider social network. The balance of exchange within the social network as a whole is considered in relation to socio‐demographic features, financial conditions and the availability of social relationships. The data are drawn from a study of financial support exchange in Sweden based on a representative survey among Swedish citizens (n= 500). The results reveal that people living in economic hardship and who have more problematic life circumstances appear to be at risk of receiving more limited informal financial support and experience more feelings of conflict and nonreciprocal social relations.     

金融危机对亚洲金融合作的推动效应探析

随着全球经济一体化的发展,东亚区域经济一体化已成为必然趋势。为了保证经济稳定,维护金融安全,使东亚各经济体在国际金融体系中获得更大的发言权和发展空间,东亚区域金融合作势在必行。在此背景下,金融危机对亚洲金融合作产生了强有力的推动作用。分析金融危机产生推动效应的原因,总结在金融危机推动下亚洲金融合作的发展特点,并展望亚洲金融改革的前景。     

The Effectiveness of Assigned Goals in Complex Financial Decision Making and the Importance of Gender

Evidence suggests that men are more confident and less risk averse in financial decision making. Researchers did not address how men and women respond differently to goals in financial decision situations, however. In the present study, men set more challenging personal goals and risked more resources than women in a complex financial decision task. Men did not report higher self-efficacy versus women. As expected, gender interacted with assigned goals to predict self-efficacy, risk behavior, and personal goals. Results concur with recent financial decision research that suggests men and women differ in their use of externally-provided information such as assigned goals. Suggestions for future research are offered and limitations are discussed.     

The Antinomy of the Financialized World and the World of Spirit

The financialized world of the 21st century is a world marked by a high degree of economic rationality, secularism and value commensurability. Profit-driven financial voluntarism is spreading everywhere, leading directly to the “financial internalization” of individual lives and the decline of the holistic spirit in human life. World development is inseparable from financial innovation, but the present financial system has diverged from its true nature. Undeniably, capital’s innate quest for surplus value has not changed since Marx’s times, nor have its essential social relations or the leverage effect of capital in wealth creation. However, the 21st century has seen a great change in the development of the logic of capital: driven by the global capital financial system, it has become more abstract, overriding regional boundaries. Its subject orientation is heterogeneous and diverse, while its operating mode is virtual and enigmatic. In particular, as instrumental rationality has become more intelligent, the mental dimension of capital has become more subjective. An interpretation of the financialized world from the point of view of phenomenology of spirit reveals the underlying issue of the alienation of man’s spirit from his objectified world in the 21st century, and thus offers food for thought at the level of spirit for the objective understanding of the category of capital in the 21st century.     

Mandated superannuation contributions and the structure of the financial sector in Australia

Australian workers must contribute a proportion of their wage to superannuation. The mandated contribution rate has risen from 3% in 1992, to 9.5% today, and is scheduled to reach 12% by 2025. We use a financial computable general equilibrium (FCGE) model to simulate an increase in the contribution rate. We find that raising the contribution rate has consequences for traditional financial intermediaries, and for financial structure more generally. This is of interest to Australian policy makers currently concerned with the size and role of Australia’s banks, and the leverage of the household sector.     

Comparing risk preferences over financial and environmental lotteries

This paper investigates whether preferences over environmental risks are best modeled using probability-weighted utility functions or can be reasonably approximated by expected utility (EU) or subjective EU models as is typically assumed. I elicit risk attitudes in the financial and environmental domains using multiple-price list experiment. I examine how subjects?? behavioral, attitudinal, and demographic characteristics affect their probability weighting functions first for financial risks, then for oil-spill risks. I find that most subjects tend to overweight extreme positive outcomes relative to expected utility in both the environmental and financial domains. Subjects are more likely to overemphasize low probability, extreme environmental outcomes than low probability, extreme financial outcomes, leading subjects to offer more support for mitigating environmental gambles than financial gambles with the same odds and equivalent outcomes. I conclude that EU models are likely to underestimate subjects?? willingness to pay for environmental cleanup programs or policies with uncertain outcomes.     

Financial access and household’s borrowing: Policy perspectives of an emerging economy

This paper analyzes access to finance based on the usage of financial services by Indian households. Based on two rounds of nationally representative All India Debt and Investment Survey (AIDIS) for 2002 and 2012, we examine how access to credit is associated with a household's socioeconomic and demographic characteristics using Heckman’s two-step approach procedure. Our results show that belonging to higher asset quintile groups has a statistically significant positive effect on the household's decision to take loans only from the formal sector in both rounds and significant negative effects on taking a loan only from the informal sector. Similarly, social and religious groups play a significant role in the decision of the household to take a loan. Households with more educated adults are more likely to take a loan. Households involved in regular wage-earning occupations in urban areas are more likely to take a loan from formal sources. Thus, the importance of policy placing greater emphasis on demand-side barriers rather than on improving the physical availability of formal financial services to promote financial inclusion in India.     

Efficiency of financial market intermediation in Kenya: A comparative analysis

Wide interest margins as witnessed in Kenya are a sign of a repressed and inefficient financial sector. This paper carries out a cross-country analysis of the determinants of financial market efficiency using panel cointegration with a view to recommending policy options for improving the efficiency of the financial sector intermediation process in Kenya. The study finds that the major contributors to the differences in financial sector inefficiency in Kenya compared to the other countries in the study are high bank operating costs, default risk and financial market structure. The study recommends, among other measures, that the government through the Central Bank need to collaborate with the commercial banks and establish a working credit reference bureau to enable easy identification of credit worthy customers in order to reduce default risk; there is also need by the central bank to license more new banks to increase competition and reduce bank concentration. The study also recommends increased use of technology including phone-banking and e-banking to reduce operation costs of the banks. The paper concludes that contrary to the findings from other cross-country analysis, the factors that lead to financial market in/efficiency varies from one country to the other.