山东省晚婚晚育控制政策的调整及其对未来人口发展的影响

多年来 ,山东省各级计生部门将晚婚晚育工作作为计划生育工作的重要内容 ,常抓不懈。 1 991年又将晚婚率、晚育率纳入《人口与计划生育目标管理责任书》进行考核 ,进一步加大了控制晚婚、晚育工作的力度 ,这对山东省人口与计划生育工作取得良好成绩 ,起到了积极的促进作用。据统计 ,晚婚率已由 1 990年的 3 8%提高到目前的 98%以上 ,女性初婚年龄由 2 2 5岁提高到 2 4 8岁 ,妇女的总和生育率连续 9年稳定在低生育水平。通过晚婚、晚育 ,延长了世代间隔 ,延缓了生育高峰 ,转变了婚育观念 ,为社会带来了巨大的效益。1　调整晚婚晚育控制政策…     

晚清东北地区人口婚姻状况探析

晚清时期,东北地区人口婚姻带有地域特色:已婚人口中女性婚配人口多于男性,婚龄普遍为早婚,且男小女大;未婚人口中,男性多于女性;男女终身不嫁的不婚人口很少,但男性较多;丧偶人口中,守寡女性占据绝大多数,鳏夫续娶较多,寡妇再嫁则很少;离婚人口中,有休妻、出妻等绝婚现象,但离婚人口很少。种种婚姻状况,主要是由于东北民族婚俗与陋习、东北移民人口的社会、经济状况决定的。     

青年群体晚婚对男女两性生育行为影响的比较研究CSSCI

文章使用CGSS2010-2018六年调查数据,从生育观念转变和教育正向同质婚配探讨了初婚年龄对青年群体生育行为的影响及作用机制。研究发现:(1)初婚年龄推迟显著降低了青年男女的生育行为,未发现两者之间的非线性关系,并且对青年男性生育行为的负向影响显著大于青年女性,使用人口性别作为工具变量解决内生性问题后结果依然稳健;(2)青年男女初婚年龄推迟通过弱化传统生育观念和提高教育正向同质婚配概率是导致生育行为下降的主要原因,加之男性的生育意愿主导家庭的生育行为,因此晚婚对青年男性生育行为的负向影响大于女性;(3)异质性分析发现,城市户籍晚婚对生育行为的负向影响大于农村户籍并且对城市青年男性的负向影响最大,农村青年女性的负向影响最小;青年群体初婚年龄增加对生育一孩、二孩和三孩的概率都显著为负且负向影响强度依次增强,而且负向作用男性大于女性;80后90后男性晚婚对生育行为的抑制作用大于女性,但60后70后不显著。     

Child Marriage in Canada

Child marriage, defined as formal or informal marriage before the age of 18, is a globally recognized indicator of gender inequality. Canada has placed itself at the forefront of global efforts to end child marriage as part of its commitment to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Despite these global aspirations, child marriage remains legal throughout Canada. Data from vital statistics agencies and recent censuses indicate that child marriage, although rare, is practiced across the country. In 2016, nearly 2,300 children between 15 and 17 years of age were in union, a prevalence of 0.2 percent. The vast majority (98 percent) of these were informal, common‐law unions. Demographic patterns of child marriage in Canada are similar to those observed in many low‐ and middle‐income countries. Girls were far more likely to be married as children than boys and typically wed much older spouses. There were marked differences in the prevalence of child marriage across the country, with the highest estimates found in Alberta, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and the territories. These findings draw attention to the discrepancy between Canada's domestic law and its foreign policy. They also highlight thorny challenges inherent in efforts to eradicate this practice in Canada and elsewhere.     

个体经济地位、婚前家庭经济差异与婚姻迁移

婚姻迁移是通过婚姻途径发生的并伴随户口变更的人口迁移。我国婚姻迁移人口的规模不断增长,婚姻迁移受性别、出生地、出生年代的影响,初婚年龄的队列差别对婚姻迁移同样存在影响。个人经济地位,即个人年收入越高,婚姻迁移的可能性越大。婚前男方家庭经济状况更好的婚姻迁移的可能性更高,女方家庭经济状况更好的婚姻迁移的可能性相对较低。     

中国大陆婚姻状况变迁及婚姻挤压问题分析

本文以2005年全国1％人口抽样调查数据为基础,通过城乡之间的比较,借助对婚姻挤压以及中国大龄未婚人口现象的系统描述来揭示其存在的特征和后果。婚姻挤压和大龄未婚现象既与个人因素有关,同样受到社会结构变迁的影响,不仅在性别上有所差异,城乡之间也存在较大差别,农村未婚女青年的比例较低,最多的大龄未婚女青年集中在城市。而婚姻迁移和社会对于男女两性的期望不同将会对新的婚姻挤压问题造成进一步的冲击。     

Land Use and Marriage Timing in Nepal

I examine the relationship between patterns of land use and marriage timing in the Chitwan Valley, a rural area in south-central Nepal. In this setting, I conceptualize a relevant dimension of land use as the portion of land in each neighborhood devoted to agriculture. Using discrete-time event history models, I examine the relationship between the proportion of land devoted to agriculture and the rate of marriage among 811 never-married individuals aged 15–20 years. Agricultural land has a positive association with marriage rates. As potential intervening mechanisms between agricultural land and marriage rates, I propose nonfamily organizations, school and work activities, and local marriage markets. A portion of the relationship between land and marriage rates appears to be mediated through the accessibility of nonfamily employers. Respondents’ actual employment activities, however, fail to mediate the effects of agricultural land or nonfamily employers. The precise mechanisms linking land use to marriage remain unclear.     

Health-Related Interactions and the Self in Marriage

ABSTRACT

This study investigated the association between self processes and married partners' (N = 59 couples) perspectives of their health-related social interactions. Findings revealed that wives' self processes were associated with their social behavior from the perspective of each partner. The wives' self processes differentially predicted wives' and husbands' perspectives of their interactions, however. These findings demonstrate that wives' future expectations for the health of their husband, as well as for their role in maintaining his future health, motivate their current social behavior to promote the positive health lifestyle behaviors of their husband.     

中国婚姻挤压研究与前景展望

针对建国以来婚姻挤压情况及其发展趋势进行全面的考察与分析 ,讨论各人口学因素对婚姻市场均衡的影响情况。研究表明 :受 70年代以来生育率下降与 80年代以来出生性别比持续升高的双重挤压 ,使原本就存在的男性婚姻挤压矛盾趋于激化 ,预计在 2 0 1 0年后将经历几十年严重的男性婚姻挤压。因社会经济发展方面所存在的巨大差异而引发的婚姻挤压矛盾的地区间转移将不可避免 ,并对社会稳定等构成严重的威胁。     

21世纪的婚姻关系和家庭生活

本文预测和展示了21世纪后工业时代可能出现的新型婚姻关系和家庭生活模式 ,以期对飞速发展的信息文明所带来的社会观念大变革有一个全新的认识     

Uxorilocal Marriage in Rural China

UxorilocalmarriagehasexistedinChinaforthousandsofyearsasasupplementaryformtomonogamy.Itsexistenceis,firstofall,tomeetpeople'sstrongdesireforcarryingonthefamilylineinfamilieswithoutason.TheChinesefamilytraditionallyhasbeenpatriarchaltraditionally,andthecontinuityofthefamilylineismale-centered.Secondly,itisintendedtosolvelabourshortageproblemsinmaleheirdeficientfamiliesbecauseasmall-scalepeasanteconomystillprevailsinmostpartsofChina.Thirdly,itisoutoftheneedforoldagesupportinruralChina,wherethe…     

Forced Marriage and Birth Outcomes

We study the impact of marriages resulting from bride kidnapping on infant birth weight. Bride kidnapping—a form of forced marriage—implies that women are abducted by men and have little choice other than to marry their kidnappers. Given this lack of choice over the spouse, we expect adverse consequences for women in such marriages. Remarkable survey data from the Central Asian nation of Kyrgyzstan enable exploration of differential birth outcomes for women in kidnap-based and other types of marriage using both OLS and IV estimation. We find that children born to mothers in kidnap-based marriages have lower birth weight compared with children born to other mothers. The largest difference is between kidnap-based and arranged marriages: the magnitude of the birth weight loss is in the range of 2 % to 6 % of average birth weight. Our finding is one of the first statistically sound estimates of the impact of forced marriage and implies not only adverse consequences for the women involved but potentially also for their children.     

闪婚-闪离：农村青年的婚姻异化及其社会基础——赣南B村的新型婚姻模式

传统婚姻模式与家庭和村庄稳定的具有密切的关系,因而围绕婚姻模式形成了诸多的支持机制。而在打工经济引起青年农民大量流动的背景下,村庄与家庭结构发生了迅速的变迁,农村青年的婚姻支持机制逐渐走向衰落。本文分析了赣南B村的“闪婚”与“闪离”现象,探讨这种婚姻模式在宗族性的村庄是如何可能的。当传统的婚姻支持机制逐渐走向瓦解,农村青年的婚姻得不到支持与整合．在“闪婚”这一新现象之后,随即走向“闪离”,农村青年则在面对自身婚姻时感到了无奈和无力感。     

Marriage and divorce in twentieth century American cohorts

Marital status life tables have provided a basis for describing the marriage, divorce, and mortality experience of U.S. cohorts born 1888-1950. In brief, marriage occurred earlier and became more universal from the earliest cohorts to those of the late 1930s. More recent cohorts show declines in the proportion ever marrying and increases in the mean age at marriage. Period data for 1980 and cumulative cohort data by age suggest the likelihood of a continuing retreat from first marriage. Divorce has been rising steadily, with the latest cohorts indicating that 46 percent of male marriages and 42 percent of female marriages will end in divorce. Period data for males in 1980 raise the possibility that levels of divorce may have reached a peak, but cumulative cohort data by age show no such pattern. The present results are consistent with the view that a fundamental change in the traditional concept of marriage is underway. Traditional marriage involved the husband providing the wife with economic support and protection in return for her companionship and maternal services. Strong social pressures urged men and women to marry, and made the coveted services married persons provided each other difficult to obtain elsewhere. Recent economic changes have undermined the social and economic forces that maintained the institution of marriage. The U.S. economy has grown to include a large service sector in its labor force, and that growth has produced a dramatic increase in female labor force opportunities (Oppenheimer, 1970). The resultant large scale participation of women in economic activity blurs the traditional division of labor by sex, and goes to the very heart of the traditional marriage "bargain." At the same time, economic changes have weakened family ties by encouraging lower fertility, stressing achieved as opposed to ascribed characteristics, and fostering geographical mobility (Goode, 1970). The "marital union" of the past may be giving way to the "marital partnership" of the future, which will accommodate informal as well as formal marriages, less dependence between spouses, greater egalitarianism, lower fertility, and higher levels of divorce.     

中国的男孩偏好和婚姻挤压——初婚与再婚市场的综合分析

中国强烈的男孩偏好和对女性的歧视导致了婚姻市场上严重的男性婚姻挤压。本文使用中国2000年普查数据和所预测的2001~2050年人口数据,结合初婚和再婚市场设计了度量婚姻挤压的指标,测度了2001~2050年中国的婚姻挤压程度,考察了男孩偏好和再婚因素对中国未来婚姻挤压的影响。结果表明未来中国婚姻市场每年有10%~15%男性过剩人口,达到120万人。男孩偏好导致的高出生性别比显著影响未来婚姻市场,而再婚人口对婚姻市场上过剩人口也有显著影响。     

Generational Differences in Cohabitation and Marriage in the US

We use data from pooled 2000 to 2004 current population surveys (CPSs) to examine generational differences in cohabitation and marriage among men and women ages 20–34 in the US. Consistent with our expectation and in line with assimilation theory, levels of cohabitation rise across succeeding generations. In contrast, generational differences in marriage follow a curvilinear pattern such that those in the second generation are least likely to be married, which supports some contemporary extensions of assimilation theory. These patterns persist across education groups, and tend to hold across racial and ethnic groups, too, although among women, the predicted percentages cohabiting across generations vary widely by race-ethnicity. This paper is an original work by Brown, Van Hook and Glick and is being submitted exclusively to PRPR for publication consideration. An earlier version of this paper was presented at the Annual Meeting of the Population Association of America, March 30–April 2, 2005, Philadelphia, PA.     

中国农村社区招赘婚姻研究——松滋县婚姻模式深访和个访分析

本文利用湖北省松滋县婚姻模式深访和个访的调查数据与资料 ,较系统地研究了中国农村汉族地区招赘婚姻的历史、现状与未来 ,以定性方法分析了当地招赘婚姻的成因、内容、特点和对家庭关系和家庭养老的影响 ,探讨了它的社会意义