Local Utility Functions and Local Probability Transformations

This note shows that, under appropriate conditions, preferences may be locally approximated by the linear utility or risk-neutral preference functional associated with a local probability transformation.     

Local utility functions

In Machina's approach to generalised expected utility theory, decision makers maximise a choice functional which is smooth but not linear in the probabilities. When evaluating small changes, the choice functional can be approximated by the expectation of a local utility function. This local utility function is not however invariant under large changes in risk. This paper gives a simple explicit formula which can be used to write down the local utility functions of some common decision rules.     

Local Authority Intake Teams

Summary Amongst the many developments in social services organisationin the decade since Seebohm, specialist Intake Teams responsiblefor all initial referrals and short term work received by anArea Team, remain a popular form of local organization. Thispaper describes a small national survey of English local authoritiesto collect information on both intake teams and their long termcounterparts, and briefly outlines some of the major findings.The survey produced a broad picture of both the present structureof local authority fieldwork departments, and the personal characteristicsof social workers and their team leaders. The paper goes onto examine the relationship between intake and long term teams,particularly in terms of referral rates, relative caseloadsand the case transfer process; and concludes with an outlineof teams satisfaction with the intake system, and some indicationsof desired future developments.     

Local Authorities Unemployment Strategies

If a "co-ordinated strategy to reduce the major problem of unemployment" is needed, as Leaper claimed in previous volume, there remains the question of how to develop such a strategy. Central governmental agencies like the MSC have major programmes, but other consequences of high unemployment have to be dealt with by local authorities. Four case studies of attempts made by local authorities in this regard are then examined. The most prominent features in their strategies are: information giving, training provision, job creation and channelling funding from other agencies or internal co-ordinated funding. The new strategies have involved changes in management and liaison, in policy review and affirmation.     

Rate Capping and Local Government

This paper argues that rate-capping was an inevitable product of the government's determination to control both the aggregate expenditure of local government and that of all individual authorities. We set out the background to these developments before going on look in more detail at the mechanics of rate-capping and its likely effects on the services provided by "capped" authorities. We challenge the rationale underlying rate-capping, arguing that its motivation is largely political and that to be effective all (or most) authorities will have to be rate-capped. Finally we examine the resistance being offered by "capped" authorities, their chance of success and the implications for central-local relations.     

关于规范地方立法的思考

随着经济生活的日益繁杂,地方立法的数量远远多于中央制定的数量。地方立法质量的高低直接关系到当地经济的发展。本文针对地方立法中存在的问题提出完善地方立法的相关对策。     

廉洁奉公服务大众--记盘锦市地方税务局

为地方财政工作尽心尽力,为地方人民竭诚服务,是盘锦市地方税务局多年来坚持不渝的工作准则.在这一原则指引下,地税局的工作一年一个台阶,取得了可喜的成绩.     

Decentralization & Local Government

Criticism of the achievements of the Welfare State have led to more emphasis on the role of local government in providing new styles of welfare services. This has presented a challenge to Labour party authorities in Britain and can be seen as an aspect of conflict with Conservative party central government. The article analyses the effect of placing more emphasis on local service delivery to which much publicity has been given. Voluntary agencies have also been given an increased role, for a variety of motives. This raises questions about local democracy, answerability, and user-control, which go beyond mere party polemics and involves fresh discussion of the future role of local government.     

治荒致富一条路

<正>朝阳县二十家子镇林业站的刘海龙是分管护林大队的副站长,他和二十几名护林员肩负着全镇23个行政村、194个村民组、镇域总面积138.2平方公里内森林的防火重任。今年最让刘海龙高兴的是,年初栽下的700亩经济林不仅成活率高,而且长势喜人。他指着面前已长到一人多高的树苗说,这是一种速生杨,前三年可以与玉米等农作物间种,     

陕派地域文化电视剧的发展流变（下）

具有较为鲜明的地域文化特征的陕派电视剧的历史分期，经过大量的资料搜集、甄别，以及对于有关业界专家、管理者、创作者、投资机构等的访谈和调研，并通过与整个中国电视剧发展路径的比照，可以梳理出相对系统的发展流变和路径，如果以2007年底为一个相对统计和研究界限的话，那么，大致可以区分为这样三个历史发展时期：第一个时期，陕派电视剧的探索期（1980年至1988年）；第二个时期，陕派电视剧的成熟期（1989年至1999年）；第三个时期，陕派电视剧的转型期（2000年至2007年）。     

陕派地域文化电视剧的发展流变（上）

具有较为鲜明的地域文化特征的陕派电视剧的历史分期问题,笔者经过大量的资料搜集、甄别,以及对于有关业界专家、管理者、创作者、投资机构等的访谈和调研,并通过与整个中国电视剧发展路径的比照,梳理出相对系统的发展流变和路径.如果以2007年底为一个相对统计和研究界限的话,那么,大致可以区分为这样三个历史发展时期:第一个时期,陕派电视剧的探索期(1980年至1988年);第二个时期,陕派电视剧的成熟期(1989年至1999年);第三个时期,陕派电视剧的转型期(2000年至2007年).     

地方治理与农民工保护

本文从地方治理的角度分析了国家的农民工保护政策在珠江三角洲地区未能得到有效执行的原因。并揭示了国家的农民工保护政策主要是通过地方政府来执行的,但是如今地方政府的权力和合法性基础已经受到了削弱,限制了地方政府在监管劳动力市场、为农民工提供社会保障和公共服务方面的能力。本文还提出了如何将农民工进一步纳入地方治理结构,充分组合各种社会组织和市场力量来保护农民工权益的政策建议。     

北京地名和地域文化

地名可以反映形成该地名的各种自然和人文条件。北京地名与北京早期的民族接触、移民历史、思想观念、世俗文化等方面密切相关,本文从这些方面探讨北京地名反映的地域文化。     

Local employment concentration and hourly earnings

Using data from the 1980 PUMS D and OLS regression, I indirectly test a model of how local labor market structure affects individual hourly earnings through the intra-area rollout effect. I find (1) beyond influencing wages through the jobs individuals receive, the local labor market's employment structure has a very small impact on individual hourly earnings and (2) local employment concentration in high paying industries tends to have a positive impact on individual net hourly earnings; employment concentration in low paying industries tends to negatively influence individual net hourly earnings.     

北京地域文化与北京题材电视剧

城市题材电视剧跟随着中国城市发展的脚步,表现了当代社会的都市面貌和市民们的生活状态,也凸显了时代风尚和城市品位及城市人的心灵历程。都市题材电视剧所讲述的故事,会因取材于不同的地域而产生不同的文化表现、差异的风格面貌,也产生了多样性的文化魅力。其中,北京都市题材电视剧具有很高的研究价值。我们通过研究新老北京文化,研究北京题材电视剧。     

坚定的脚步丰硕的成果--来自丹东市地方税务局的报道

丹东市地税局于1994年9月26日正式挂牌成立,局机关内部设有12个处室和2个事业单位,外辖三县(市)局、市内5个分局和1个稽查局,干部职工总数947人.     

国家礼制的地方回应:明代乡射礼的嬗变与兴废

乡射礼在明代经历了"重射艺"到"重教化"的功能嬗变,这种变化大约在成化以后,首先自江南开始,然后扩展到各地。乡射礼虽然被制度化,但因与科举之间缺乏联系,从而不受士人和地方官重视,兴废无常的现象十分严重。明代乡射礼的嬗变与兴废,实际上反映了国家意志、地方态度与士人追求之间的冲突与妥协。     

北京市与上海市地方立法的比较分析

北京市与上海市都是地方立法比较发达的城市,其地方立法都具有典型意义。北京市和上海市在经济、政治、文化等方面既存在着相似之处,也存在着差异之处,这些情况在一定程度上也反映到了地方立法之中。将北京市和上海市的地方立法进行比较分析,对于掌握地方立法的特点、认识地方立法的构成、总结地方立法的科学发展规律具有重要意义。     

孙中山的地方自治思想述论

鉴于近代中国“民智未开”而导致革命屡遭挫折的历史教训,孙中山提出了以县为基础广泛实行地方自治的具体方案。实行地方自治是孙中山革命方略的重要组成部分,在革命程序论中占有极其重要的地位。孙中山地方自治思想击中了君主专制制度的要害,从理论上找到了中国由君主专制走向民主共和政体的正确途径。