An Organizational Model of Higher Education Institutions and Faculty Teaching Goals*

The theory of organizations as “open systems” is used to develop hypotheses on the relationship between academic institutions and faculty teaching goals. The effects of three measures of academic organizations–type of control, institutional functions, and institutional affluence–on faculty support for four types of teaching goals are tested with data from a nationally representative sample of 301 academic institutions. Through the use of a path analytic model, it was found that these organizational characteristics directly affect the types of teaching goals faculty members endorse and the level of support for teaching goals in general.     

Teacher Careers and Inhabited Institutions: Sense‐Making and Arsenals of Teaching Practice in Educational Institutions

This article advances emerging scholarship that emphasizes the benefits to new institutional theories of organizational functioning offered by empirical research rooted in the tradition of symbolic interactionism. I present evidence from in‐depth interviews with teachers from three high schools to show how individuals' perspectives about pursuing institutional goals are filtered through their accumulated experience working within those institutions. Findings show teachers develop what I call “arsenals of teaching practice” as they accumulate work experience, and this process creates a key source of difference by career stage among teachers that shapes their instructional decisions. I discuss implications for understanding the relationship between policy and practice, and extend existing theory of inhabited institutions by identifying a key way that people's sense‐making through experience drives institutional functioning.     

Shoptalk: Teaching and Learning in an African American Hair Salon

This study examines ways of speaking, performing, and reasoning within an urban, African American hair salon. I argue here that participants within the salon, through participation, collaboration, and negotiation, construct and transmit their understandings of the world within systems of activity. By identifying how members of the community hair salon use cultural resources and institutional technologies, co-construct knowledge, and change and develop through their participation in activity, my aim is to draw a better understanding of how learning takes place outside of the classroom. By identifying the labor-related activities within the hair salon, the participation structures which support these activities, and the socially shared, cultural funds of knowledge, I hope to make visible certain mediating structures that support culturally relevant learning and teaching in the African American community.     

Union decline: A view from Canada

Important changes are occurring in the Canadian unions’ political and economic environments. This paper argues that such changes may be detrimental to Canadian trade unions, given their structural and institutional situation. To support this argument, private-sector union and nonunion firms in Alberta are compared. This comparison uncovers some structural (union members’ employment patterns and union firm characteristics) and institutional (union services) attributes of unions. Combined with the politico-economic environments that Alberta unions have faced since the early 1980s, these attributes have led to a decline in union membership. Because these attributes are shared by many other Canadian unions, those unions may increasingly confront some of the same hardships currently plaguing their Alberta counterparts. I am indebted to Brian Bemmels, Alan Murray, and John G. Fricke for helpful comments on an earlier version of this paper, and to Mike Jones for his research assistance.     

Corporate political strategy: A framework for understanding nonprofit strategy

Nonprofit organizations operate in environments characterized by institutional demands for legitimacy. The authors argue that, given this environment, corporate political strategy is critical to a nonprofit's ability to achieve its goals, gain access to resources, and achieve a sustainable advantage. The authors develop this thesis by providing a conceptual argument that corporate political strategy is critical given the institutional nature of the environment, the conflicting demands of multiple stakeholders, and the role of the funder; and by providing contextual evidence of the role of corporate political strategy in nonprofit strategy.     

高校经济管理类专业实践教学体系建设探讨

经济管理类专业发展和教学改革要适应培养跨专业人才的社会需求,就要改变传统人才培养模式,构建信息技术环境下的高校经济管理类专业实践教学体系。文章简述了高校经济管理类专业实践教学的国内外研究情况,探讨了高校经济管理类专业人才培养实践教学体系与机制建设问题,对高校经济管理类专业开展实践教学具有指导意义。     

Time,Money and the Gender Order: Work Orientations and Working‐Time Preferences in Britain

In the context of economic restructuring and the reorganization of working time, the question of working‐time preferences is emerging as an important component of both academic and policy debates. Much of the debate about preferences is based upon conjuncture or inadequate indicators, often drawing oppositional models of gender differences in preferences which neglect the similarities between the sexes. This article starts by developing a framework for interpreting preference formation and change, with particular emphasis on the societal institutional system and existing national working‐time regime in which individuals' behaviour and preferences are located. This framework is then applied to highlight the particular features of the national working‐time regime and associated ‘gender order’ in Britain, followed by an analysis of gender similarities and differences in work orientations and working‐time preferences in this country. The results show that work orientations and working‐time preferences are related to labour market circumstances for both sexes. Similarity between women and men in the influences of workplace variables coexists with a gender‐differentiated effect of household circumstances on the types of work schedules preferred; childcare and domestic responsibilities figure more largely in women's accounts of their preferences than in men's. For both, however, the most popular reform would be increased time sovereignty in the organization of their work schedules.     

高等职业教育机械专业实践教学探讨

根据高等职业教育培养目标,加强创新实践教学,培养优秀的高层次技能型人才是高等职业教育办出特色的重要内容。对于高职机械专业的实践教学,文章提出了创新实践教学的基本要求、注重技能培养的课程体系、明确产学结合建设校内外实习基地的重要性以及加强对高职机械专业实践教学的投入与管理等思路。     

Exploring emotional aspects of care and control in social work with children and families - a single case analysis of conversation

ABSTRACT

In this article, I explore how emotions are displayed and dealt with on a communicative level in face-to-face encounters between social workers and parents in a child welfare setting. The analysis draws upon detailed analysis of a whole encounter between a social worker and a parental couple who have recently had their new-born daughter placed in foster care. By examining the way emotional stances are expressed and responded to I discuss how orientations toward institutional tasks and goals create constraints for the display, recognition and validation of clients’ emotion displays. I consider the communicative challenges this poses for the parents and the social worker and the implications these may have for the client–worker relationship.     

Discourse Analysis Teaching and Learning for College Students

This paper intends to illustrate how to teach college English especially on discourse analysis. Teachers can use discourse analysis as a research method for investigating their own teaching practices. And learners can benefit from using discourse analysis to explore what language is and how it is used to achieve communicative goals in different contexts.     

Exploring the roles of government involvement and institutional environments in the internationalization of Chinese Internet companies

The interactions between government, institutions, and Internet companies have gained attention in the research on the globalization of China’s Internet. However, few studies have been conducted at the company level, and the knowledge about the roles of government and institutions remains limited. Drawing on institutional theory, this empirical study explored the roles and mechanisms of government involvement and the institutional environment in the internationalization of Chinese Internet companies. The results indicated that government involvement could improve these companies’ degree of international breadth through both state ownership and governmental affiliation. However, the results showed that state ownership had a restraining function on their degree of international depth. In the context of institutional transition in China, these effects could vary according to whether Internet companies operate in good or poor institutional environments. By revealing these relationships, this study contributes to both the theoretical and the empirical understanding of governmental influence and institutional roots in the globalization of China’s Internet.     

自组织理论视野中的高职课堂教学

课堂教学是高职院校人才培养的主要渠道,直接影响人才培养的质量。高职课堂教学系统是教育系统和社会系统的一个子系统,是由学生、教师、教材、教学环境以及教学目标等要素结合成的复杂系统,它符合自组织理论中普利高津对耗散性结构形成条件的要求。在自组织理论下,高职课堂教学具有开放性、目的性、整体性以及流动性。     

Teaching Sociology in Community College: Balancing Ideals with Institutional Constraints

Many professionals experience conflict between personal ideals about the meaning and importance of their work, and the structural limitations of the workplace. This conflict presents professionals with the challenge of how to hold true to their ideals within a non-supportive or even hostile environment. In this paper, I describe my experiences balancing my ideals about teaching, learning, and the purpose of a college education with the institutional constraints of a community college. There are three main sections in this paper. First is a discussion of the reasons I chose a career in community college teaching. The second section focuses on the institutional constraints I have encountered over the first 5 years of my career. In the third section, I explain how I have attempted to balance my ideals with the structural limitations of the college where I teach. Throughout the paper, I blend personal narrative with the relevant literature. In doing so, I intend to use my personal experience as a lens for discussing the challenges and possibilities that characterize community college teaching in general.     

An Open-Systems Approach to Teaching Family Therapy*

Through systems concepts are increasingly employed in family and marital therapy, they are usually employed in a limited way, excluding some aspects of the total system. Systems ideas are applied most fully to the nuclear and extended family of the referred patient, and increasingly to the therapist's family of origin. The interface between the influence of the family of origin of the professional and difficulties in his practice is also scrutinized, though more often in a teaching and supervisory context than during therapy. The relationships among the therapist's family of origin, his marriage and family of procreation, and his professional work are more often neglected, and the influence of all three on the dynamics of institutions, training programs and staff groups is least often explored. The authors, a married couple who work together professionally, occupied fin-several years a crucial leadership role in developing the first multi-disciplinary teaching programs in the London area, bringing together key teachers from all the main institutions, with widely differing theoretical orientations, in a group which now forms the Institute of Family Therapy (London). This paper describes their attempt to facilitate a more consistently open-systems approach which appeared to stimulate unusually rapid growth, learning, and group cohe-siveness.     

旧城更新的中观层面规划管控思路与方法——以广州市旧城保护与更新规划为例

在日益复杂多变的市场环境以及多元博弈的利益格局下,旧城更新具有多目标、多主体、系统性强等特点。然而传统规划管理体系中,上至市域层面的城市总体规划、历史文化名城保护规划,下至指导地块开发的控制性详细规划,均因其编制侧重点不同,缺乏立足旧城整体、具有综合系统视角的规划建设指引。本文借鉴广州旧城保护与更新的经验,结合目前旧城规划管理方面的要求,总结提出了新城与旧城联动、整体系统更新、保护与更新差异化管控、控制与引导相结合的中观层面规划管控思路和方法,以期科学有效地引导旧城发展。     

高职院校思想政治理论课实践育人体系的构建

高职院校思想政治理论课教学要真正发挥育人的作用,必须坚持理论联系实际,加强实践教学环节,探索并构建一整套实践育人的体系。文章认为构建高职院校思想政治理论课实践育人体系必须确立以素质和能力为导向的实践教学目标、完善保障机制、丰富社会实践的内容和形式、建立多维评价机制。     

Backing Australia's Future: Teaching and Learning in Social Work

Abstract

It is universally expected that universities will strive for quality in teaching and learning. Over the past 25 years, massive changes to higher education have impacted on these institutions. We now have a mass higher education system, a knowledge-based economy, increased technology, and the internationalization of education accompanied by increased student enrolments and political expectations of enhanced graduate outcome measures. These changes pose challenges to developing, updating, and improving the quality of teaching and learning. This new policy environment confronts social work educators as they determine how best to deliver quality professional education. The present paper discusses the concepts underpinning the Australian government's paper Our Universities: Backing Australia's Future as a background to exploring the tensions arising in current professional expectations and criteria for social work programs as they make the transition from old to new paradigms in classroom teaching and field education.     

Digital Role-Play: The Changing Conditions of Children’s Play in Preschool Settings

This study reports on the contradictions between the motive orientations of teachers and preschool children when digital animation was introduced in 3 preschools (103 children M age = 3;8 years, 4;2 years, and 5;0 years, respectively; n= 371 hr of video). The findings suggested that new psychological conditions are created during digital play; differing motive orientations of children and teachers appear to have a bearing on how children pay attention to, or engage with, the learning goals set by the teacher; and higher levels of negotiation are required in contradictory contexts of motives for learning or play.     

教学质量监控体系构建探索

教学质量监控是教学质量管理的重要方法和手段,如何构建具有科学性、发展性的教学质量监控体系是现阶段我国高等教育面临的一个重要任务。近年来,延安大学医学院狠抓教学质量管理,构建校内教学质量监控体系,对教学质量监控体系的构建作出了探索。     

The MySocialworker app system – a pilot interview study

An app system was developed in Denmark by caseworkers and clients from three municipalities, a software company, and a University College. The app system enabled young clients to track their wellbeing, positive behaviours, disturbances in their lives, and their experiences of interventions on smartphones. Statutory caseworkers could follow the change in their client’s situation and have an overview of all their clients on a web interface. This article describes the system and the results of a pilot qualitative interview study with six young clients. Clients used the app to reflect on their lives, to set specific personal goals and to remember their goals. The young clients also used the app to monitor changes in how they had been doing overall and as a reminder to keep up specific behaviours that were counterintuitive. The app became an integral part of the young clients’ relationship with their caseworker. The app was a lens that the client and the caseworker used to explore specific aspects of the client’s life. The app itself also became a joint venture, a shared point of interest. The app strengthened the young persons’ relationship with their caseworker, but there was also concern about whether they might become too close.