美德伦理及其在当代的复兴

在西方,美德伦理指的是亚里士多德的以人为中心的伦理学说,在中国则指的是儒家所推崇的心性之学。启蒙运动形成的个人主义已日渐弥漫开来,形形色色的具体的个人主义观念导致了道德价值多元化,情感主义造成了当今道德语言的危机,规范伦理学局限性的日益凸显,美德伦理学逐渐被人们所关注。美德伦理学的复兴将会缓解当今时代的道德危机,关键在于找到传承美德伦理的共同体,发扬模范人物的带头作用,并借助于法律的规约,才能复兴美德伦理。     

A Cultural-Psychological Theory of Contemporary Islamic Martyrdom

What political, economic, religious, and emotional factors are involved in a person's decision to kill civilians and military personnel through the sacrifice of his or her own life? Data for this research were secondary analyses of interviews with Islamic martyrs, as well as their leaders’ speeches. This investigation into the cultural‐psychological explanations for Islamic martyrdom leads to a model explaining a person's decision to carry out the mission as resulting from a combination of four factors: the historical‐cultural context, group processes, immediate and anticipated rewards, and mechanisms to eradicate possible doubts and guilt regarding this decision. Compared to existing models, this model is more integrative and focused on the psychological processes involved.     

历史的终结与当代人的危机

历史终结论一度是一种时髦理论,其中尤以美籍日裔作家福山为主要代表。历史终结到底意味着什么?根据当代思想家雷蒙·潘尼卡的理解,种种历史终结论大多仍在历史的神话内立论,事实上,终结的不只是一种历史概念,而是一种时间意识(最终来说,是人的一种自我理解)在人类意识中的主导地位。现代世界的困境不仅造成当代人的生存危机,也引起当代人的自我理解的危机,但危机同时也是机遇,一种突破历史神话的超历史意识也许是当代人得以获救的希望所在。     

历史没有终结:社会主义的复兴与期待

历史的发展自有其辩证的规律。苏东剧变后,著名西方学者福山宣称"历史已经终结于资本主义"。然而令福山等西方学者完全没有想到的是,20多年后的今天,坚定地走在社会主义道路上的中国,正在实现着中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦。历史证明,社会主义依然是当今时代具有强大感召力的社会思潮,尤其是中国特色社会主义的伟大实践更是对社会主义的发展注入了新的活力。我们期待并坚信在社会主义运动不断的改革创新中必将迎来世界社会主义的复兴。     

中国共产党在中国近现代史上的历史功绩

胡锦涛总书记在七一讲话中科学界定了中国共产党在我国近现代史上的历史方位、历史地位、历史作用和历史贡献,以史证明了中国共产党的伟大、光荣和正确,揭示了中国共产党成功的历史资源,使人们对中国共产党的认同、信赖有了厚重的历史感。     

近代儒商传统及其当代意义(英文)

近代以降,随着商人社会地位的提升,明清以来的儒商合流现象进一步彰显,儒商群体也进一步扩大,其共同特征则是"言商仍向儒","商"、"儒"不分家。其中尤以张謇和经元善最具代表性。近代儒商有其类似的商业伦理观并构成一种新的传统:援儒入商,坚守儒家人格理想;利缘义取,求天下之公利;砥砺品行,以德经商;热心公益,以回馈社会为己任;兴学育才,矢志发展教育。近代儒商传统对当今商业道德文化的重建有着重要的借鉴意义,如何汲取其精华来形塑新时期的商业道德和企业精神,已成为一个十分迫切的课题。     

中国近现代史教学应注意四个转变

加快历史教学改革 ,应当从以下四个方面入手 :变注入式教学模式为启发式教学模式 ,变单向式教学模式为双向交流式教学模式 ,变抽象思维为形象思维 ,变单一的课堂教学模式为课堂教学与多样化教学方式相结合的教学模式。唯其如此 ,才能使近现代史的教学更好地适应现代教育     

“三个文明”与中国当代历史进程

"三个文明"建设与宏大的中国当代历史进程紧密相关,尤其是与以毛泽东、邓小平和江泽民为核心的几代中央领导集体的理论和实践密不可分.由于社会历史条件、现实需要以及领导人的思想状况等原因,三代中央领导集体分别强调了社会主义文明体系中的物质文明、精神文明和政治文明,而以胡锦涛为核心的第四代中央领导集体则朝着"三个文明"协调发展的方向继续努力.     

Lineages of the Iranian Welfare State: Dual Institutionalism and Social Policy in the Islamic Republic of Iran

This article examines the relationship between welfare and state governance in Iran since the 1979 Revolution. It argues that the contemporary set of social welfare organizations in Iran arose as a corollary to post‐revolutionary state formation, particularly during the 1980–8 war with Iraq. The Revolution itself resulted in a process of ‘dual institutionalization’ where new revolutionary organizations appeared in tandem with the inherited bureaucracies of the Pahlavi Monarchy, and both sets of institutions were directed by the new regime towards social welfare in areas relatively untouched by the ancien régime. These institutions were locked in place by the exigencies of the long war that followed, and most have continued to the present. This is followed by a discussion of the main developmental outcomes of the past three decades in Iran in literacy, health and poverty. The article concludes by discussing how the successes and shortcomings of the Islamic Republic's welfare system are consequential for understanding broader developments in Iran today.     

Twentieth-Century Museums of National History and Literature in Contemporary Russia

The collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 forced museums and other guardians of the nation's cultural heritage to reassess their priorities and develop new, nonideological missions in presenting their collections to the public.     

振兴自然国学传承中華瑰宝

6月14日,首届全国自然国学学术研讨会在青岛召开.50余位来自全国各地的专家学者,围绕如何振兴自然国学展开热烈讨论.会上会下,传递着一个共同的感受和认识——自然国学的振兴是大势所趋.文化学者孙惠军说,我们这个会,不在这里开就在别处开,不在今天开就在明天开.振兴自然国学,就在当下.从人类历史来看,西方科学创造了从未有过的辉煌,也带来了前所未有的环境问题和生存危机.大量实例已经证明,世界面临着日益严重的人口、资源、环境压力.中国传统文化中的自然观、科学观、技术观,在解决人与自然的矛盾,促进经济社会可持续发展,加强生态文明建设,以及现代科技创新等方面,都能发挥重要作用.     

历史化与经典化:中国当代文学的评价问题

中国当代文学走过了60余年的风风雨雨,经过了曲折的发展历程,它始终与民族的复兴、社会的变迁以及生活的感受联系在一起。如何评价当代文学的价值和意义,则需要重构当代文学观念,反思现代性和文学性的评价标准,坚持历史化与经典化相统一的原则,特别是需要明晰社会主义文学与当代文学、当代文学与世界文学的复杂关系,确立作为文学资源的当代文学理念,由此承担文学传统的历史使命,发挥文学经典化的导向作用。     

历史上东亚的儒学对话及其现实意义

国际上至少有两大特征出现于冷战结束后 :一是对立的政治意识形态被淡化后全球的“经济—科技”日趋一体化 ;二是区域经济发展的文化背景日益受到重视。前者表现为趋同的事实世界 ,后者则凸显了不同的价值世界。应该说 ,人们在经济和科技的硬指标认定上 ,是容易达成一致的 ,但对于各不相同的软指标文化 ,则鲜有同一认识。“东亚共同体”说法的出现 ,除了经济和政治上的结合意义外 ,还隐约露出了新一轮“文化整合”的端倪。作为一种回应 ,东亚诸国似乎找到一个共同的区域文化结合点。然而 ,由于文化间的趋同实现是至为艰难的。所以 ,像盖成一…     

The Revival of Muslim Communities in Russia's Regions

In the Federation of Russia's regions, revival of Islam has been accompanied by formation of the primary cells of Muslim communities—mahallah. However, many Islamic researchers and Muslims recognize that these communities do not play a substantial role in the life of believers. The article is based on results of a sociological study involving the mosque personnel, sponsored by the Islamic Studies Center of the Academy of Sciences of Tatarstan. Expert interviews and other documents are also reviewed. Research revealed basic problems impeding the proper functioning of reviving Muslim communities in the region. These include financial problems hindering economic independence, personnel problems despite numerous religious educational institutions, lack of library resources including high quality religious literature, lack of unity among Russia's Muslims, and the need to overcome ideological discrepancies within the larger community of Muslim believers, the ummah.     

乡村宗族文化复苏的路径依赖——以江西F村为例

近来,广大农村出现了宗族文化复苏的现象。笔者深入农村进行调查时,发现了宗族文化复苏的深层原因在于村民对祖宗神灵的信仰依赖,并发现了其运行的内部机制——民主选举、阳光操作和信仰支撑的构架。