制销供应链安全责任的消费者驱动研究

从企业社会责任的一个方面--产品的安全性能对消费者偏好的影响入手,运用博弈论的基本思想,对消费者驱动的制销供应链安全责任决策进行了研究.结果表明:g类制销联盟较好地履行安全责任,能提高消费者对g类产品的支付意愿,从而获得较高的利润,这将对g类制销联盟进一步较好地履行安全责任产生激励驱动;若g类制销联盟未能较好地履行安全责任,消费者会用抵制购买(这种抵制行为会造成g类制销联盟的利润损失)的惩罚方式来驱动其较好地履行安全责任.g类制销联盟的最优决策是在控制成本的基础上较好地履行安全责任.本文的研究成果对供应链各成员的决策均有重要的指导意义.     

用户偏好连续分布下两竞争双边平台的企业社会责任与定价决策研究

平台履行企业社会责任是影响用户选择的重要因素。基于双边市场理论和博弈分析方法,建模研究两竞争双边平台均不履行、均履行及一个履行一个不履行企业社会责任三种情形下的定价竞争,其中双边用户对平台履责的偏好服从连续分布,并进行模型求解和数值仿真,分析平台企业社会责任行为对竞争均衡及社会福利的影响。结果表明：两平台竞争下,履责平台的企业社会责任水平、定价水平、用户规模和利润随自身企业社会责任成本系数单调递减;非履责平台的定价水平、用户规模和利润随履责平台企业社会责任成本系数单调递增。两平台竞争下平台履行企业社会责任是占优策略,但两平台均履行企业社会责任比不履行时的利润低,即存在囚徒困境,但消费者剩余和社会福利将显著增加。     

制销供应链安全责任的消费者驱动研究

从企业社会责任的一个方面--产品的安全性能对消费者偏好的影响入手,运用博弈论的基本思想,对消费者驱动的制销供应链安全责任决策进行了研究。结果表明:g类制销联盟较好地履行安全责任,能提高消费者对g类产品的支付意愿,从而获得较高的利润,这将对g类制销联盟进一步较好地履行安全责任产生激励驱动;若g类制销联盟未能较好地履行安全责任,消费者会用抵制购买(这种抵制行为会造成g类制销联盟的利润损失)的惩罚方式来驱动其较好地履行安全责任。g类制销联盟的最优决策是在控制成本的基础上较好地履行安全责任。本文的研究成果对供应链各成员的决策均有重要的指导意义。     

嵌入性视野下酒店企业社会责任研究——基于C市H酒店的个案研究

在社会经济高质量发展趋势和“双碳”目标的助推下,酒店履行企业社会责任成为提升企业价值的重要手段。文章从嵌入性理论视角出发,对C市H酒店进行个案研究发现：(1)酒店通过依法履行纳税义务嵌入市场经济活动中,履行环境责任嵌入国家政策和制度中,履行社会网络责任嵌入社会结构与人际关系网中;(2)在酒店生产运营中,其服务外包行为导致企业经济责任与市场脱嵌,生态化经营程度低导致企业环保责任与市场脱嵌,对员工和顾客的权益保障不到位导致企业社会网络责任与市场脱嵌。文章揭示了酒店生产经营与市场和社会关系之间镶嵌与脱嵌的张力是企业履行社会责任程度的根源。     

基于员工视角的企业社会责任对工作投入影响的实证研究

构建了企业社会责任、组织认同和工作投入三者之间的研究模型,并基于员工视角将企业社会责任分为员工、消费者和环境3个维度,将组织认同分为认知、评价和情感3个维度,发现企业对员工和消费者履行社会责任对工作投入均呈显著的直接正向影响;履行环境责任对工作投入的直接影响并不显著,但可通过情感性组织认同对工作投入产生显著正向影响。研究结果表明,企业履行社会责任并非负担,而是提升员工工作投入度和向心力的重要内部行销工具。企业亦有必要加强履行社会责任的内部宣传,这样既可增强员工对企业的认同,从文化情感上吸引员工,又可提升员工的工作投入程度。     

浅谈基于企业社会责任的客户忠诚度提升研究

随着社会经济的发展,企业社会责任的履行上升到市场战略的高度,对企业社会责任的研究也越来越受到学术界的重视。社会各界对企业履行社会责任的情况的关注为企业施加了较大的压力,尤其是消费者逐渐将企业社会责任履行的情况加入到他们做出购买选择时的考虑因素中,而客户的购买忠诚行为直接影响企业业绩。企业要想提升客户忠诚度,必将考虑企业社会责任的履行情况。     

媒体治理与企业社会责任

以沪市上市公司为样本,基于利益相关者理论,在综合采用熵权法度量企业社会责任的指标权重与指数法测算企业社会责任的基础上,研究了媒体监督对企业社会责任的影响,并考察了政府干预与行业特征在影响媒体治理效应方面的作用.研究发现:①媒体监督对上市公司的社会责任有显著的正向影响,并且相较于一般性的报道,媒体的负面报道在其中起到的作用更为显著;②考虑到广告、声誉等经济动机,媒体监督对企业社会责任的影响在竞争性行业、环境高敏感性行业以及消费者高敏感性行业中表现得更加显著;③在地方政府干预程度较高的地区,媒体在督促企业履行社会责任方面的监督作用会弱于市场化程度高的地区.     

企业履行社会责任对消费者的影响

近几年,对企业社会责任的研究已成为国内学者的一个研究热点。笔者通过对国内外学者研究结果的整理和归纳,建立了企业履行社会责任和消费者购买意愿的理论模型,同时将消费者对企业的信任和认同引入模型中,通过理论推导,得出企业履行社会责任会正向影响消费者的购买意愿及对企业的认同,得出企业在履行社会责任正向影响消费者的购买意愿时,消费者对企业的信任、认同会起到调节和中介的作用。     

零售商配送时间承诺的供应合同研究

从提高供应链整体协调性及绩效水平出发,在单个厂商对配送时间承诺的决策模型基础上,研究了在供应链环境中由零售商负责配送的时间承诺问题.从传统的观念看,一般由零售商向顾客承诺配送时间并承担不能履行承诺的全部责任,但通过研究发现,这种合作模式会因缺乏激励而使零售商选择一个不能使供应链整体最优的承诺时间.在分析影响零售商实现配送时间承诺的因素的基础上,证明分散决策时单一价格下的零售商决策不能协调整个供应链,提出了一种供应合同来解决该问题,即通过上游供应商对零售商造成的配送延误做出部分补偿,使整个供应链产生更高的绩效,使双方都从中获益的观点,为供应链上的企业如何承诺配送时间提供了有效的理论工具.     

基于利润分配的制销供应链联盟安全责任策略

从企业社会责任的一个方面——产品的安全性能对消费者的影响入手,运用博弈论的基本思想,对制销供应链联盟的利润分配模型及其履行安全责任的策略进行了研究。结果表明：厂商可以通过对分配因子的选择,确定产品的批发价,从而实现利润的分配;供应链上游g类厂商能否较好地履行安全责任,并将履行安全责任的信息通过g类制销联盟有效地传递给消费者,经安全责任差异化产品,进而影响消费者偏好,是实现上游厂商、中游分销商和下游消费者帕累托最优的关键。     

Educational Landscapes and Urban Development. Contextual and Spatial Interfaces and Linkages

In the broad sociopolitical discussion on education quality within the last decade, it has become apparent that education is gaining importance for urban development, as well as space and the urban context are important dimensions of education. This becomes particularly evident in concepts for local educational landscapes (Ger. Bildungslandschaften). The young field of research on educational landscapes is currently lacking empirical research from spatial and planning sciences. In the paper, the current state of scientific research on educational landscapes in Germany and Europe and first insights to contextual and spatial interfaces and linkages between education and urban development in general are presented.     

Inventory Models with Continuous and Poisson Demands and Discounted and Average Costs

We develop a new, unified approach to treating continuous‐time stochastic inventory problems with both the average and discounted cost criteria. The approach involves the development of an adjusted discounted cycle cost formula, which has an appealing intuitive interpretation. We show for the first time that an (s, S) policy is optimal in the case of demand having a compound Poisson component as well as a constant rate component. Our demand structure simultaneously generalizes the classical EOQ model and the inventory models with Poisson demand, and we indicate the reasons why this task has been a difficult one. We do not require the surplus cost function to be convex or quasi‐convex as has been assumed in the literature. Finally, we show that the optimal s is unique, but we do not know if optimal S is unique.     

E-governance and Corruption-developments and Issues in Ethiopia

This paper reports the results of a survey of 400 respondents in Ethiopia about factors generating corruption and the potential of e-Governance to mitigate corruption. It is suggested that e-Governance can help not only in weeding out corruption but also in the establishment of sounder government citizen relationships in Ethiopia. While e-Governance cannot cure all the structural factors that breed corruption in the society, strategic implementation of e-Governance can help improve the critical variable in combating corruption-government citizen relationships. It is argued that while e-Governance initiatives can make important contributions to improving public services they can best do so by helping improve overall relationships between governments and citizens.

CEO and Chairperson characteristics and firm performance

This paper focuses on the relationship between Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and Chairperson characteristics and firm performance. Specifically, the study examines the association between the characteristics of the CEO and the Chairperson of the board and firm performance. Using a sample of S&P 500 firms, the evidence found suggests that demographic and experience-related characteristics may be associated with the market valuation and financial performance of the firm. In particular, the reported results indicate a positive relationship between the presence of female CEOs or Chairs and firm performance, thus suggesting that gender-based differences may affect the CEO’s/Chairperson’s success. Moreover, the findings concerning the age of the CEO or Chair are mixed, while their experience and quality appear positively related to firm performance. Interestingly, a CEO or Chairperson holding multiple board seats is negatively associated with firm performance, whereas CEO duality has a positive relationship with Tobin’s Q and the return on assets (ROA) of the firm.     

David and Goliath: causes and effects of coopetition between start-ups and corporates

Coopetition (collaboration between competitors) among young firms (i.e. start-ups) and larger, more established firms (i.e. corporates) may be beneficial for both partners as each party typically has something to offer that is missing in the other. Start-ups often develop innovative ideas, are flexible and agile, willing to take risks, and aspire to achieve high growth, but they tend to lack the required resources, capabilities, and knowledge due to their newness and smallness. Corporates have resources, routines, and experience that enable them to work efficiently but lack a certain innovation capability. Research has suggested that coopetition represents an opportunity for start-ups facing restrictions in resources, while corporates benefit from start-ups’ innovative ideas. However, it is yet unknown whether start-ups and corporates engage in coopetition with each other and, if so, how and why they do this. This study seeks to fill this void by exploring the motives of coopeting start-ups and corporates, how they manage their coopetitive relationship, and what implications occur including potential benefits and risks. We present a multiple case study based on qualitative data collected through 70 interviews with Austrian-based start-ups and corporates representing 35 coopetitive partnerships. Discussing the findings based on our data, we propose relationships concerning coopetition and its role to enlarge resource- and technology-bases as well as its role in the development of dynamic capabilities.     

Career orientations and career success among research,and development and engineering professionals

Managing the careers of research, development and engineering (RD&E) professionals is important to the strategic use of RD&E in the economy. Appropriate mechanisms for motivating RD&E professionals will probably emerge as a critical success factor for organizations that want to compete in world markets. This study examines dimensions and levels of career orientation and their correlations with individual and work-related outcome variables among 78 RD&E professionals. The findings reveal a rich diversity of career orientation in RD&E professionals. The data strongly suggest that RD&E professionals are service, lifestyle and security oriented. However, they scored low on technical orientation and entrepreneurship. This paper suggests that the dual career ladder is not an effective device for managing RD&E professionals. Organizations must be careful to provide career paths that retain and motivate workers and, more importantly, find matches between organizational needs and individuals' needs, and restructure jobs accordingly. The authors offer suggestions for future research and identify implications for management.     

Modeling Pathology Workload and Complexity to Manage Risks and Improve Patient Quality and Safety

Anatomic pathology (AP) laboratories provide critical diagnostic information that help determine patient treatments and outcomes, but the risks of AP operations and their impact on patient safety and quality of care remain poorly recognized and undermanaged. Hospital-based laboratories face an operational and risk management challenge because clinical work of unknown quantity and complexity arrives with little advance notice, which results in fluctuations in workload that can push operations beyond planned capacity, leading to diagnostic delays and potential errors. Modeling the dynamics of workload and complexity in AP offers the opportunity to better use available information to manage risks. We developed a stock-and-flow model of a typical AP laboratory operation and identified key exogenous inputs that drive AP work. To test the model, we generated training and validations data sets by combining data from the electronic medical records and laboratory information systems over multiple years. We demonstrate the implementation of 10-day AP work forecast generated on a daily basis, and show its performance in comparison with actual work. Although the model somewhat underpredicts work as currently implemented, it provides a framework for prospective management of resources to ensure quality during workload surges. Although full implementation requires additional model development, we show that AP workload largely depends on few and accessible clinical inputs. Recognizing that level loading of work in a hospital is not practical, predictive modeling of work can empower laboratories to triage, schedule, or mobilize resources more effectively and better manage risks that reduce the quality or timeliness of diagnostic information.     

Work and shopping overflow — Consequences and differentiation among selected psychological and demographic characteristics

Contemporary individuals are forced to deal with excessive stimulation, which causes an overload in the cognitive and emotional areas. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the possible factors differentiating the perceived level of work and shopping overflow experienced by individuals and consequences of these states. Two psychological variables: cognitive control and sensation seeking, are chosen as potential factors differentiating the perceived levels of overflow. We assume that individuals with high cognitive control and sensation seeking will report lower levels of both types of examined overflows. Experiencing low overflow levels may manifest in the search for additional stimuli, rather than in the desire to limit them. Two indexes of behavior connected to seeking extra stimulation are selected: one belonging to the area of consumer behavior (readiness to participate in the experience economy) and one belonging to vocational behavior (choosing a boundaryless career). The quantitative study is conducted on a sample of 297 management students who are currently employed. The research results support the relation between cognitive control and perceived level of work and shopping overflow. Individuals who can cognitively control the situation and the incoming stimuli report lower levels of overflow. No significant relationship between sensation seeking and the level of overflow is found. The demographic variables that influence the perceived overflow are age and salary for work overflow and age for shopping overflow. As far as consequences of overflow are concerned, a low level of shopping overflow is related to readiness to participate in the experience economy. However, there is no link between work overflow and preferred career pattern. The managerial implications for human resource management and marketing strategy design are discussed.     

Review and reappraisal of modelling and predicting mental workload in single- and multi-task environments

The concept of mental workload has long been recognized as an important factor in individual performance within complex systems. It is documented that either overload or underload may degrade performance, and further affect the efficiency of the whole system. Therefore, systems designers need some explicit models to predict the mental workload imposed on individuals by the system at an early design phase so that alternative system designs can be evaluated. In examining mental-workload literature, it is found that few predictive mental-workload models have considered factors specific to individuals. This research aims to develop a practical framework for predicting mental workload in both single- and multi-task environments considering such individual factors. In order to describe mental workload more precisely and more completely, a framework for mentalworkload definitions, which contains instantaneous workload, average workload, accumulated workload, peak workload and overall workload, is proposed. In order to model individual factors, two new variables, i.e. effective workload and ineffective workload, are introduced to model the taskgenerated workload and individual-generated workload. The extension of the model to multi-task environments is also discussed. The proposed conceptual models are domain-independent and could be used to guide the development of operational models for different specific tasks.