整合系统方法论（ISM）对复杂决策范式（CDP）形成的关系研究

分析了决策的系统性问题,指出系统方法论(SM)和决策研究范式(DP)的内在关系.进一步,分析了整合系统方法论(ISM)对复杂决策范式(CDP)形成的关系.     

关于复杂性研究

本文首先介绍了复杂性研究的科学背景及其科学启示，然后把复杂性和复杂系统结合起来，从系统科学角度研究复杂性问题；阐述了研究研究复杂系统的方法论－－钱学森的从定性到定量综合集成方法论。     

三阶段组合效率测度模型与技术研发效率测度

在系统梳理现有可调整环境因素或/与统计噪音影响的三阶段组合效率测度模型的基础上,利用幅度调整测度(RAM)与随机前沿分析(SFA)结合,构建了无需强制性调整环境因素与统计噪音影响的三阶段组合效率测度改进模型——RAM-SFA-RAM.相对现有模型,新的组合测度模型不但在估计影响与调整投入和产出时可实现较为客观地设定环境因素与松弛变量之间存在非线性生产函数关系,以降低效率估计偏误,而且充分利用了RAM模型全面测度无效的优点,为从投入和产出两个方面同时过滤环境因素与统计噪音的差异性影响提供了新的分析途径;更重要的是,选用的RAM具有平移不变性,可使组合测度模型克服现有模型只能通过最值强制性对投入和产出进行正向调整以适应选择的效率估计模型无法处理非正值的不足,避免了由此产生的效率估计偏误.实证研究部分用这一组合效率测度模型分析了中国省域层次上大中型工业企业的技术研发效率,为效率的客观比较提供了可行的模型方法.     

东西方评价方法论对比研究

评价方法论是一种思想体系 ,其实质就是以一种系统的观点将众多的评价方法以某种形式组织起来 ,便于理解和选择具体的评价方法 .本文分别介绍了东、西方评价方法论的发展历程和主要内容 ,并详细介绍了在东方社会背景下发展起来的物理 -事理 -人理 ( WSR)评价方法论 .东、西方评价方法论发展至今 ,目前所关注的焦点都是如何协调评价过程所涉及到的群体之间的关系 ,即人理 .有效的人理分析可以确保评价结果能够被采纳使用 .为此 ,在进行调查研究之后 ,我们尝试使用软系统方法论中的 CATWOE分析和战略假设表面化验证 ( SAST)来有效地处理评价工作中人的主观性的影响     

对我国价值工程理论与实践的回顾和影响降低的深层原因分析

价值工程理论和实践对中国企业尤其是国有企业曾经产生过深刻和长期的影响,就目前而言,这种影响减少了,存在收益递减的趋势。本文在回顾价值工程引入中国后的沿革和变迁中,从系统理论观点分析了造成这种局面的深层原因,指出在传统价值工程的思维和实践中,价值观、系统观、面对复杂性处理问题的方式等与以知识经济为背景的经济环境下要求的差距。     

房地产企业税负水平的衡量与评价

本文主要从3个方面分析了我国目前上市房地产企业的税负状况.首先,在采用实际税率法的基础上,分别衡量了我国房地产企业的实际所得税税率和实际营业税税率;并着重建立一个总税负变量,从整体上衡量房地产企业的总税负水平.然后,将房地产行业的税负水平与钢铁、汽车等行业进行比较,并检验行业因素是否显著.最后,分析了房地产价格构成中税负、费用和成本的占有比例,从利益分割的角度分析到底是哪部分构成直接导致了房地产的高价格.本文最后得出的结论是:不管是从本行业的实际情况来看,还是与其他行业对比,房地产行业的税负水平其实并不高:税费关系不清和费用的繁杂是造成"高税负"的主要原因.     

中国创业背景中的信任

本文通过分析创业背景和一般意义上信任概念的差异,以及创业背景下中西方信任概念的差异,根据创业过程思路和多层次多维度思路,提出了中国创业背景中的信任构思。在企业家个体层面上包含特殊信任和普遍信任两个维度,在组织层面上包含基于声誉、特征、制度的信任三个维度。在创业的不同阶段,不同层面上的信任具体内涵和维度会表现出不同的内容。最后根据访谈研究的结果提出了初步结论。     

基于数据包络分析的中国城市创新能力评价

针对城市创新能力的应用背景,构建了重点城市创新能力的评价指标体系,其中包括人才培养和科技创新两个创新阶段,提出了综合考虑共享投入和分阶段产出的两阶段数据包络分析模型,对国内52座重点城市的总体和单阶段的创新能力进行了有效评价和区分。研究结果发现,长三角和珠三角区域的创新能力在全国范围内具有优势,而创新效率相对较低的城市主要分布于中部、西南和西北的部分地区。实证分析为这些城市进一步提高自身的科技创造和研发创新水平提供重要的参考价值和指导意义。     

信息系统需求分析方法研究

需求分析是信息系统开发过程中一个重要的环节,传统的偏重于建模的系统分析方法往往不能全面反映系统需求的多目标性、复杂性和用户群体思想.将Checkland的软系统方法论(Soft System     

BP－ISP战略一致性研究述评

随着IT应用的广泛和深入,信息资源的利用和规划与企业目标的联系更加密切,如何有效实现企业规划(BP)和信息系统规划(ISP)的匹配问题成为企业界和学术界共同关注的主题.文章界定了BP-ISP战略匹配的涵义和研究范围,系统回顾了自1970年以来的发展历程,并且评述了目前战略匹配研究的三个主要研究方向,同时探讨了相关的主流研究方法,为企业IT应用以及相关研究指明了方向.     

A conceptual hybrid framework for industrial process improvement: integrating Taguchi methods,Shainin System and Six Sigma

Design of Experiments (DoE) has evolved as powerful industrial statistics tool for managing and improving processes in diverse industries. The three broad approaches of DoE in practice: classical or traditional methods, Taguchi methods and Shainin System (SS), have their merits and demerits for a extensive industrial experimentation. Nonetheless, the power of these DoE approach is not fully harnessed in established process improvement frameworks in industries. On the other side, Six Sigma DMAIC is a well-accepted methodology for improving process capability through focus on customer’s requirement (CTQ). The use of DoE in traditional DMAIC framework is limited to quantification of influence factors on CTQ. To offer a contribution to this paucity, this paper proposed a conceptual Six Sigma/DOE hybrid framework aiming to integrate SS, Taguchi methods and Six Sigma DMAIC for process improvement in complex industry environment. A case on improving DF generation process in shock absorber assembly was developed to validate the effectiveness of the framework for intricate problem-solving.     

Lean Six Sigma approach in an Indian auto ancillary conglomerate: a case study

The purpose of this article is to illustrate how Lean Six Sigma (LSS) methodology was applied to an Auto ancillary conglomerate in India for achieving operational excellence. The research reported in this paper is based on a case study carried out using LSS methodology in improving yield of a semi-automated transfer line process of the organisation. The root causes for the problem were identified and validated through data based analysis from LSS tool box, at different stages in the study. The application of LSS methodology resulted in reduction of drilling defects while machining injector bodies and reduced the Defects Per Million Opportunities from 38,000 to 5600. The application of this methodology had a significant financial impact (saving of about INR 1.4 million per annum) on the bottom-line of the company.     

A robust ranking method extending ELECTRE III to hierarchy of interacting criteria,imprecise weights and stochastic analysis

A great majority of methods designed for Multiple Criteria Decision Aiding (MCDA) assume that all assessment criteria are considered at the same level, however, decision problems encountered in practice often impose a hierarchical structure of criteria. The hierarchy helps to decompose complex decision problems into smaller and manageable subtasks, and thus, it is very attractive for computational efficiency and explanatory purposes. To handle the hierarchy of criteria in MCDA, a methodology called Multiple Criteria Hierarchy Process (MCHP), has been recently proposed. MCHP permits to consider preference relations with respect to a subset of criteria at any level of the hierarchy. Here, we propose to apply MCHP to the ELECTRE III ranking method adapted to handle three types of interaction effects between criteria: mutual-weakening, mutual-strengthening and antagonistic effect. We also involve in MCHP an imprecise elicitation of criteria weights, generalizing a technique called the SRF method. In order to explore the plurality of rankings obtained by the ELECTRE III method for possible sets of criteria weights, we apply the Stochastic Multiobjective Acceptability Analysis (SMAA) that permits to draw robust conclusions in terms of rankings and preference relations at each level of the hierarchy of criteria. The novelty of the whole methodology consists of a joint consideration of hierarchical assessments of alternatives performances on interacting criteria, imprecise criteria weights, and robust analysis of ranking recommendations resulting from ELECTRE III. An example regarding the multiple criteria ranking of some European universities will show how to apply the proposed methodology on a decision problem.     

Improving labour relations performance using a Simplified Drum Buffer Rope (S-DBR) technique

The purpose of this research is to describe an implementation of Simplified Drum Buffer Rope (S-DBR), a scheduling methodology under Theory of Constraints, in service operations of a US military base. In doing so, this research contributes in two ways. For practitioners, this research is the first to show how S-DBR methodology can be utilised to improve the performance of labour relations. For academicians, this research is one of only a few to address the how questions of S-DBR use in a service context.     

Employee voice on social media — An affordance lens

Voice mechanisms in organizations provide an opportunity for employees to have a say about their work. As new digital mechanisms, such as social media (SM), are being increasingly adopted by organizations for knowledge sharing, employee engagement and general communication, it is important to consider the extent to which SM may facilitate employee voice. The limited attempts to examine SM and employee voice have mostly focused on identifying the contextual factors that could promote constructive voice on SM. The extant literature does not explore how SM features may (or may not) facilitate all types of voice, such as those which promote employee interests. Adopting an affordance lens, this paper answers the call of voice scholars to explore the potential of SM as a voice mechanism by discussing the perceived value of different SM features for different types of employee voice content. The paper brings together SM and voice literature and explores how different SM affordances may potentially facilitate certain voice content more so over others. In doing so, future directions for research of voice on SM are also discussed.     

Designing Lateral Organizations: An Analysis of the Benefits,Costs, and Enablers of Nonhierarchical Organizational Forms*

Twenty-first century organizations will require designs that enable them to cope with turbulent environments. Organizations have experimented with lateral organizational designs for this purpose, but research evidence concerning these forms is sparse. We analyzed data obtained from 512 employees within eight diverse organizations implementing flexible lateral organizations. Using a sequence comparison methodology, we were able to identify and categorize the major costs, benefits, and enablers associated with implementing these forms of complex organizations. Propositions for effectively managing lateral relations were tested and managerial implications were explored.     

能源强度的指数分解分析研究综述

指数分解分析是一个研究能源强度变化及其作用机理的良好分析框架,围绕这一方法,综述了指数分解分析在方法论方面的研究现状及其在能源领域,尤其在能源强度方面的应用研究。将我国学者关于能源强度变化的研究结论划分为3类:技术进步决定论、阶段贡献变化论和分解层次影响论,并指出了指数分解分析在研究能源强度变化机理中的三大缺陷。最后,对未来的研究方向进行了展望。     

Innovation development in biopharmaceutical start-up firms: An Italian case study

The aim of this paper is to analyze the business models and the strategic competences of the new Italian biopharmaceutical firms allowing them to successfully overcome the initial stages of starting up. A multiple case studies methodology was used. In particular, a thorough analysis of four Italian biopharmaceutical firms that have recently started up and shown significant innovative output was carried out. The results of this study revealed that the start-up success factors consist of competencies that are distinct and different depending on the type of business models founded: the excellence in quality, the ability to create and manage relationship networks, the technical and managerial capabilities are the strategical competences emerging from the case studies examined.