城市社区中老年人口死亡态度影响因素研究

死亡态度直接影响个体的生命和生活质量。本文利用在成都市城市社区进行的抽样调查数据,对影响城市社区中老年人口死亡态度的个人和家庭因素进行了分析。分析结果表明:性别、身体健康状况、家庭经济状况、家庭谈论死亡情况是影响城市社区中老年人口死亡态度的因素。研究发现可为城市社区中老年人口死亡教育的实施、保障和促进该群体的生命和生活质量提供有益的参考。     

城市社区劳动适龄人口的自杀相关问题研究

本文利用在成都市城市社区开展的抽样调查数据,对城市劳动适龄人口的自杀态度以及影响其自杀倾向的因素进行了分析。分析结果表明:大部分城市劳动适龄人口对自杀持否定和反对的态度,但对自杀行为持理解、认同的比例仍不容忽视。男性、离婚或丧偶、小学及以下学历、行政管理人员、家庭经济状况差或好、信仰宗教、不经常参加集体及社会公益活动、患有慢性病、无医疗保障的城市劳动适龄人口,对自杀行为持理解、认同的比例相对较高。职业、宗教信仰是影响城市劳动适龄人口自杀倾向的因素。研究发现可为在城市劳动适龄人口中有效开展自杀危机干预和自杀预防工作提供有价值的参考依据。     

农村贫困地区妇女生活质量及影响因素研究——以湖南农村贫困地区妇女为例

为了解农村贫困地区妇女生活质量现状及其影响因素,随机抽取湖南农村贫困地区妇女540名作为研究对象,使用WHO生活质量简表(WHO-QOL-BREF)从生理、 心理、 社会支持和环境四个维度考察农村贫困地区妇女生活质量,同时采取自制一般问卷收集研究对象年龄、 文化程度、 经济收入等人口特征资料.在此基础上,构建二元Logit回归模型,考察社会支持变量和妇女人口特征对农村贫困地区妇女生活质量的影响.结果表明,农村贫困地区妇女生活质量低于全国常模,差异具有统计学意义;其中年龄、 文化程度、 夫妻关系、 是否有儿子、 家庭年人均收入以及获得的非正式、 正式支持等多个因素都对农村贫困地区妇女生活质量有影响.     

台湾省劳动适龄人口初析

一、劳动适龄人口的数量变化 台湾省劳动适龄人口的增长,具有如下特点: 第一,全省总人口中劳动适龄人口的比重大。1981年全省劳动适龄人口有1,160.5万人,占全省总人口1,813.6万人的65.1％,(见表 1)高于全国劳动适龄人口占全国总人口的54.36％(1982年全国第三次人口普查)。当然,台湾省劳动适龄人口的统计口径大于1982年     

理性与非理性的家庭生育行为

人口控制的关键是对家庭生育行为的控制。家庭生育行为控制除了受社会、经济、文化、节育技术等因素的支配和影响外,同时也取决于家庭夫妇双方对计划生育政策的接受程度,对各种生育因素影响作用的反映弹性和行为态度。在接受程度、反     

城乡老年人生活质量与人口社会学特征关联初探

人口老龄化使我国老年人口数量迅速增长,呈现出老龄化+少子化的人口结构新常态。江苏省老龄化比例为20.57%,居全国各省区之首,老龄化区域和城乡差异也更加显著。兴化地区地处苏北农村,呈现小城市大农村结构,经济欠发达,城乡人群的生活水平差距较大。本研究目标人群为兴化城乡老年人群,通过调查城乡老年人群人口社会学和生活质量的变化特征和相关性,为政府和社会对老龄化事业的发展与决策提供依据。总计305例60岁以上的老年人群参与调查。结果显示,城市老年人群已婚、与子女住、文化程度、退休和自觉家庭经济情况良好等人口社会学特征维度好于农村人群（P≤0.01）;而农村丧偶、独居、没有工作和自觉家庭经济情况差等维度高于城市人群（P≤0.01）;男性老年人群文化程度显著高于女性（P<0.01）;冠心病患病构成比上,农村老年人群显著高于城市老年人群（P<0.01）,男性老年人群高于女性（P<0.05）;而女性老年人群患高脂血症构成比显著高于男性（P<0.01）。结果提示,兴化地区城乡老年人群生活质量差异显著,但城乡老年人群在躯体健康和疾病防治中的差异已经明显缩小,说明老年人生活质量的变化与人口社会学特征相关联。在经济持续发展和人口结构老龄化的新常态下,社会和家庭应更多地关注和改善老年人群,尤其是农村老年人群的生存环境,提高他们的生活质量。     

城市老年人生活质量分析

本文运用2000年辽宁城市老年人口抽样调查数据,对各类型城市老年人生活质量的主要影响因素进行了分析,指出一部分老年人已构成城市贫困群体和弱势群体,离退休金是保障城市老年人生活质量的最重要因素,文化素质和身体素质是对城市老年人生活质量产生负向影响的主要因素。     

城市老年人口家庭经济流动类型及其影响因素分析——以上海为例

文章采用“上海市老年人口状况与意愿跟踪调查”的数据,对不同人口学特征的城市老年人家庭代际经济流动类型进行分析,发现城市老年人家庭代际经济流动类型的性别差异、年龄差异、受教育程度差异和婚姻差异。运用二元Logistic回归对老年人家庭经济流动类型的影响因素进行分析,结果表明性别、年龄、受教育程度、子女补贴、月平均收入和住院天数等因素对老年人家庭代际经济流动类型有显著影响。     

城乡家庭功能的差异及其对人口生育率的影响

张宇钟在《宁夏社会科学》1987年第8期发表文章,侧重探讨城乡家庭的生产、抚养、赡养、消费、教育等主要功能的差异及其对人口生育率的影响作用。 (1)农村家庭生产功能的增强,使得农村的人很重视家庭人口数量,尤其重视家庭男子数量及其质量。人多劳动力强的家庭,较人少劳动力弱的家庭收人高的状况,在一定程度上刺激了农民多生多育的愿望。城市家庭的生产功能已随生产的社会化而趋于消失,这无疑消除了影响育龄夫妇多生多育的一种因素。     

1990—1995年吉林省劳动适龄人口就业状况

１９９０—１９９５年吉林省劳动适龄人口就业状况崔雅萍按我国目前规定，劳动适龄人口范围的下限为１６岁，上限男性为５９岁，女性为５４岁。利用１９９５年１％人口抽样调查资料，分析和研究我省劳动适龄人口就业状况和发展趋势，对不断改善就业状况和优比产业结构，促...     

Socio-economic determinants of mortality in Latin America

The characteristics and sources of socioeconomic differentials of mortality in Latin America, in so far as they are currently known, are examined in an attempt to clarify the present situation and its perspectives. Mortality in a population is a function of the frequency of illness (incidence) and the probability of dying of the sick individual (lethality). Information on the socioeconomic differentials of mortality in Latin America is systematically reviewed with attention directed to the following: differentials among Latin American countries, regional differences within countries, urban-rural contrasts in mortality, mortality and income level and level of education, and mortality and ethnic groups. Latin America shows considerable heterogeneity with respect to the risk of dying, which varies from 202/1000 births in Bolivia to 38/1000 in Uruguay. It is estimated that more than 1/2 of the children born in Latin America are exposed to a mortality rate of over 120/1000. A study of the urban and rural populations of 12 Latin American countries revealed that the risk for rural populations exceeds that for urban populations by 30-60%. There is extensive evidence showing that mortality is higher in the working class and is associated with lower levels of education and income. Mortality was also higher in certain indigenous groups. Socioeconomic differentials of mortality are more marked in Latin America than in the developed nations. The mother's level of educational attainment is the variable most significantly associated with infant and child mortality. The prospect of reducing the current mortality levels is dependent primarily upon the implementation of policies aimed at a more egalitarian distribution of the benefits of socioeconomic development among the population.     

中国老年人临终地点及影响因素研究

文章基于2008年、2011年、2014年北京大学中国老年人健康长寿影响因素追踪调查的死亡数据对中国老年人临终地点、影响因素及变化趋势进行研究。居住在城镇、年龄较小、社会经济地位高、拥有医疗保险、患有慢性疾病的老年人更可能"临终于医院";临终照护者为配偶、生活不能自理的老年人更可能"临终在家"。从变化趋势看,中国老年人"临终于医院"的比例有所上升,但仍以"临终在家"为主。研究认为其主要原因为80岁及以上高龄老年人占老年人口比例上升,城镇化发展背景下中国大多数老年人依然生活在农村,基层医疗卫生机构(如村卫生室)的发展增强了其临终医疗服务能力。在亲人的关心和注视下离开,在自己的家中接受临终关怀是多数老年人的临终心愿,也是临终的最佳选择。基于此,文章建议在中国老年人临终地点仍以"临终在家"为主的背景下,政府应出台相关政策,进一步增强基层医疗卫生机构的临终医疗服务能力,支持"家庭照护+上门医疗服务"的居家临终照护模式,这不仅能够满足多数老年人"临终在家"的意愿,减轻临终老年人的家庭经济负担,也可以在一定程度上缓解"临终于医院"所带来的医院床位资源紧缺。     

A new method for correcting under-estimation of disabled life expectancy and an application to the chinese oldest-old

This article demonstrates that disabled life expectancies that are based on conventional multistate life-table methods are significantly underestimated because of the assumption of no changes in functional status between age x and death. We present a new method to correct the bias and apply it to data from a longitudinal survey of about 9,000 oldest-old Chinese aged 80-105 collected in 1998 and 2000. In our application, the age trajectories of disability (activities of daily living--ADL), status-specific death rates, and the probabilities of transitions between ADL states of the oldest-old were investigated for the first time in a developing country. In this article, we report estimates of bias-corrected disabled and active life expectancies of the Chinese oldest-old and demonstrate patterns of large differences associated with initial status, gender, and advances in ages. Using combined information on ADL disabilities and length of having been bedridden before dying, we analyze gender and age patterns of the extent of morbidity before dying among the oldest-old and their implications for debates on the hypothesis of compression of morbidity.     

流动人口城市居留意愿的影响因素分析

影响流动人口在流入地城市居留意愿的因素非常复杂,本文首先提出了分析影响因素的整体框架和思路.在此基础上,用2005年上海市闵行区流动人口抽样调查数据对分析框架进行了验证,发现经济收入是最显著的影响因素,城市吸引力、婚姻家庭状况以及个人特征对流动人口的居留意愿有较明显的影响.最显著的相互作用体现在流动人口的受教育程度、户籍制度、职业类型、经济收入、城市社会融合几个因素之间.     

A preliminary analysis of the present situation of China's population]

The national census conducted in 1982 provides the most up-to-date statistics on China's population. The following are some characteristics of China's population at the present time, based upon preliminary analysis: (1) The total population figure has passed the one billion mark, but the growth rate has been declining since the 1970s; (2) The population density is higher than other countries of the world, but the distribution is uneven. The percentage of the city population is low, and changes in urban and rural distribution are slow; (3) The population growth of ethnic minorities is higher than average, and the ratio of the minority population is increasing; (4) There are slightly more men than women-an impact of traditional society; (5) The age structure of the population is still young, but sharp change is in the process of developing; (6) Fertility has declined on a large scale, but is still far from reaching the goal of population control; (7) The death rate has remained at a low level for a long period of time, and average lifespan is gradually becoming prolonged; (8) The marital status has remained stable, and people normally marry between the ages of 20 and 30; (9) The cultural and educational level of the general public has been promoted, but still not enough for modernized construction; (10) The employment rate is high, and most of the working population is employed with the departments of material production. The percentage of employment of a service nature is small. A high percentage of the working population is related to agriculture, fishing, and animal husbandry. The precentage of workers in manual labor is much higher than that for mental labor.     

新生代农民工住房状况影响因素分析：基于长沙市25个社区调查

运用长沙市25个社区994位新生代农民工的调查资料,采用因子分析方法获取住房状况总体评价系数作为因变量,通过路径分析法分析新生代农民工住房状况的影响因素。分析结果表明,当前新生代农民工住房状况总体较差,作为中间变量的社区环境和居住条件显著影响住房状况,社区环境因素是中间变量中影响力最大的因素。作为初始变量的收入状况、教育程度、婚姻状况、住房类型和工作行业不仅通过中间变量间接影响住房状况总体评价系数,而且对住房状况总体评价系数产生直接影响,作为初始变量的住房公积金对于新生代农民工的住房状况没有影响。最后建议强化社区公共服务制度的均等化,科学界定新生代农民工的住房保障对象标准,充分保障新生代农民工住房状况。     

家庭随迁流动人口住房选择及其影响因素分析——以上海市为例

本研究在对上海各区县流动人口进行问卷调查的基础上,描述了家庭随迁流动人口的住房性质、居住社区类型和居住区位等多方面的基本特征,综合探讨了个人及家庭因素、社会及制度因素和社会融合因素对流动人口住房选择的影响机制。分析表明：上海流动人口家庭随迁特征明显;流动人口仍以租赁住房为主,主要聚居在远郊、近郊的农村社区和城中村;家庭随迁流动人口在住房拥有率方面凸显优势;由流动人口自身素质所形成的社会分层对住房选择影响显著;制度性因素和社会融合因素对住房选择也具有显著性影响。针对分析结论,本文在政府、社会以及个人等多方面提出解决流动人口住房问题的对策建议。     

The Demography of Future Global Population Aging: Indicators,Uncertainty, and Educational Composition

This is an expanded version of comments on the future of the demography of aging at an invited session of the 2008 annual meeting of the Population Association of America. In an introduction, John Haaga offers reasons for a revival of interest in population aging, including greater realization of plasticity in aging trajectories at both individual and societal levels. Linda Martin proposes that population scientists working in aging emulate those studying fertility and family planning in previous decades, learning from interventions (in this case, aimed at increasing retirement savings and reducing disability at older ages). Changes in family structure will increasingly affect new cohorts of the elderly, and Linda Waite speculates on the ways in which changes in the economy, medicine, and the legal environment could affect the social context for aging. Research on mortality at older ages is “alive and well” asserts James Vaupel, who sets out six large questions on mortality trends and differentials over time and across species. Lastly, Wolfgang Lutz expands the scope of projections, showing the considerable uncertainty about the timing and pace of population aging in the developing world and the effects on future elderly of the increases in educational attainment in much of the world during the second half of the twentieth century.