船舶机械企业采购及库存管理策略分析

采购与库存管理是企业经营管理和生产运作管理中的一个十分重要的问题，直接影响了企业的经营效益，因此采用合理的采购与库存策略十分重要，本文针对某一船舶机械厂的采购与库存管理策略进行分析，将所需物料分为三类，再针对每类物料不同的特点采用不同的采购和库存策略。     

电力物资采购中的供应链库存管理分析和对策

电力行业行业中的物质采购中供应链库存管理是关系到电力系统安全运行的一个重要方面,它既有行业特点也有普遍的共性,本文在结合供应链库存管理策略和物料需求计划的基础上提出了分析和对策。     

电信运营商定制手机采购与库存决策应用分析

本文根据采购与供应管理理论中的ABC分类法,建立定制手机分类模型,分类标准是销售额,同时利用信息化分析工具确定具体分类.对于给定型号的长期定制手机,制定不同分类的采购策略,以便进行差异化采购管控.最后依据数据与模型.提出了电信运营商定制手机采购与库存决策分析策略和理念.     

基于供应链协同的超市化物资供应策略

企业办公用品及零星物资,具有物资品类及规格型号多、采购批次散、需求者众多等特点,按照供应链采购管理分类,该类物资属于一般物资,应通过需求整合,减少物资品类,简化采购流程。超市化物资供应策略的研究,旨在结合办公用品及工程零星物资的特点,制定出基于"虚拟超市"和"实物超市"两种模式下的管理策略及供应模式,通过供应链的整合及协同,提高采购效率。     

供应链管理模式下企业对采购物料的分类研究

随着科技进步和经济的不断发展。全球化的市场竞争日益激烈,为了提高企业竞争力,供应链管理应运而生。目前,供应链管理作为一种新的管理理念与模式,受到了国内外管理学术界和企业界的逐步重视,如何对供应商进行合理有效的分类管理,与其建立互惠互利的合作关系,从而增加供应链的价值,已经逐渐成为关注的焦点。但在现有的供应商分类研究中,绝大多数学者都把目光集中在了供应商本身或市场上,而没有考虑到企业所需物料本身的特性。因此,本文提出从企业所需物料着手,建立分类指标体系和分类模型。采用层次分析和模糊综合评判方法,从企业所需物料的价值比率和供应市场风险程度两个维度将企业所需物料分成战略型物料、关键型物料、杠杆型物料和一般型物料,为下一步对供应商分类选择打下基础。     

采购管理系统分析与设计

为了保证企业生产的顺利进行,必须及时、准确地完成订货和采购任务.只有加强物料采购数据的处理和有效管理,才能准确反映和监督采购合同的制定和执行情况,合理选择供应商,按质、按量、及时采购物料,降低采购成本,进一步提高企业经济效益.     

实施ERP提高物资管理水平

徐州光大新兴铸管有限公司自实施ERP系统工程以来,给物资管理工作带来了根本性的改变,真正做到了“采购一个口,发放一个库,管理一张网,监督一条链”。一、全面清查物资,摸清全部家底我们在实施初期,从部门抽掉十几个人,集中最好的硬件设施对所有物资进行了全面清查,摸清家底,并予以科学分类和合理划分,补齐完善了所有物资的相关资料,并输入计算机系统,建立健全了物资管理的基础信息。二、实行物料编码,推行定置管理1.统一物料编码,实现物资信息的标准化、规范化。在ERP的物流系统中,所有物料信息的交流和传递都是通过对物料的编码来实现…     

加强关键物料管理 确保血液质量安全

关键物料的质量直接影响血液质量与安全,为了保证采供血机构血液质量安全,血站关键物料的管理显得尤其重要。濮阳血站依据"一法两规",通过建立健全关键物料管理规章制度,对关键物料的采购、质量控制、库存管理、保存使用等多个环节,进行了严格的管理,确保了关键物料的质量,为保证血液质量,奠定了良好的基础。     

供应链环境下联合采购管理的研究

在经济全球化、市场竞争日益激烈的新环境下,为扩大利润空间,提升核心竞争力,国内外企业纷纷转变传统的管理观念,深入挖掘采购和物资供应这个“第三利润源”的潜力,积极探索现代采购管理策略,强调“Win-Win”合作和战略联盟,全球采购、集中采购、准时采购、联合采购等采购模式成为新趋势。本文从联合采购的概念及实施动因分析入手,对这种新型的供应链协调管理模式的实施动因、步骤及具体模式进行研究。     

分销企业采购环节的会计核算特点及在ERP中的应用

分销企业是几年前IT产业的发展逐渐兴起的产物,本文结合分销企业的利润摊薄需要“以量取胜”的业务特点,锁定采购环节,通过对会计准则在采购环节的相关核算方法,详细进行分析比较,根据分销企业的在采购环节的会计核算特点,提出目前分销企业在采购环节的核算方法。并与ERP系统实现核算的方法相结合,串起在ERP系统中作为分销企业从采购环节的开始的整体操作过程:建立物料核算体系→建立采购订单→商品入库→存储待售→建立销售订单→商品出库→收款→核算毛利     

Planning and control systems in materials management-an empirical study

The article presents a conceptual framework for the planning and control system in materials management. By an empirical analysis, three phases of development of the planning and control system in materials management are derived. These are related significantly with the kind of materials management. The main influencing factors are quality of management, quality of controlling, importance of materials management, and importance of the goals of materials management.     

An integrated modelling approach for raw material management in a steel mill

An integrated modelling approach combining optimisation models with simulation is proposed for coordinated raw material management at steel works throughout the whole supply chain management process. The integrated model is composed of three components: ship scheduling, yard operation simulation and material blending models. The ship scheduling model determines which brands, how much and when they should be arrived, and the problem is modelled as mixed integer linear programming. The simulation model is used to simulate the whole processes from ships’ arrivals to the retrieval of the materials through the berthing and unloading the raw materials. Finally, the raw material blending model is developed for determining the brand and quantity of raw materials to be used. The proposed integrated modelling approach for raw material management has been successfully implemented and applied at steelwork to provide shipping schedules and predict future inventory levels at stock yards. By coordinating all the activities throughout the entire raw material supply chain management process, this article proposes an integrated approach to the problem and suggests a guideline by the appropriate simplification. The quantitative nature of the optimisation model and simulation facilitates an assessment of the risk factors in the supply chain, leading to an evaluation of a wide variety of scenarios and the development of multiple contingency plans. Further research is expected to supplement the ship scheduling models with heuristics for the idiosyncratic constraints of maritime transportation.     

Impact of competitive conditions on supplier evaluation: a construction supply chain case study

This research proposes a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) framework and demonstrates the impact of competitive conditions on supplier evaluation process for construction supply chains. The paper focuses on the supply chain of a large-scale housing project in order to illustrate the role of competitive capability and suppliers’ profile and its influence on supplier evaluation based on prevailing supply/market conditions. Various scenarios are investigated to demonstrate the impact of competition on supplier evaluation. The contribution of the study lies in highlighting the impact of supply/market conditions on MCDM decisions causing supplier evaluation ‘imbalance’ and MCDM usage. It is expected that the study will be useful for project management, construction, supply chain management, sourcing professionals. The findings of the study are generalisable to projects-based situations such as petroleum refinery and ship building where bill of materials typically consists of thousands of items and a large number of suppliers are involved.     

基于粗糙集与未确知模型的供应商风险评估方法研究

供应商是制造商材料的来源,供应商风险的发生可能导致原来井然有序的供应链无法正常运转,因此,供应商风险的预警与评估在供应链风险管理中占据着举足轻重的地位。本文提出一种基于粗糙集和未确知测度理论的供应商风险评估方法,该方法首先运用粗糙集理论对繁杂的供应商风险指标体系进行精简,并确定指标权重,然后运用未确知测度模型对供应商风险进行评估,从而使评估结果更加客观。最后在实证研究中以某汽车制造商企业供应商风险评估体系为例,阐明了该评估方法的科学有效性以及评估结果的合理性。     

The SAM Framework: Modeling the Effects of Management Factors on Human Behavior in Risk Analysis

Complex engineered systems, such as nuclear reactors and chemical plants, have the potential for catastrophic failure with disastrous consequences. In recent years, human and management factors have been recognized as frequent root causes of major failures in such systems. However, classical probabilistic risk analysis (PRA) techniques do not account for the underlying causes of these errors because they focus on the physical system and do not explicitly address the link between components' performance and organizational factors. This paper describes a general approach for addressing the human and management causes of system failure, called the SAM (System-Action-Management) framework. Beginning with a quantitative risk model of the physical system, SAM expands the scope of analysis to incorporate first the decisions and actions of individuals that affect the physical system. SAM then links management factors (incentives, training, policies and procedures, selection criteria, etc.) to those decisions and actions. The focus of this paper is on four quantitative models of action that describe this last relationship. These models address the formation of intentions for action and their execution as a function of the organizational environment. Intention formation is described by three alternative models: a rational model, a bounded rationality model, and a rule-based model. The execution of intentions is then modeled separately. These four models are designed to assess the probabilities of individual actions from the perspective of management, thus reflecting the uncertainties inherent to human behavior. The SAM framework is illustrated for a hypothetical case of hazardous materials transportation. This framework can be used as a tool to increase the safety and reliability of complex technical systems by modifying the organization, rather than, or in addition to, re-designing the physical system.     

战略管理研究现状与未来我国研究重要领域

在搜集整理和分析研究大量战略管理研究文献的基础上,本文按照战略管理的发展历程对战略管理相关理论进行了分析与评述.本文首先对战略管理理论演化过程中的四个学派的观点进行了分析与评述,然后分析了战略管理理论的发展趋势,并总结了当前研究的两个热点问题.     

Risk Characterization for Nanotechnology

Nanotechnology is a broad term that encompasses materials, structures, or processes that utilize engineered nanomaterials, which can be defined as materials intentionally designed to have one or more dimensions between 1 and 100 nm. Historically, risk characterization has been viewed as the final phase of a risk assessment process that integrates hazard identification, dose‐response assessment, and exposure assessment. The novelty and diversity of materials, structures, and tools that are covered by above‐defined “nanotechnology” raise substantial methodological issues and pose significant challenges for each of these phases of risk assessment. These issues and challenges culminate in the risk characterization phase of the risk assessment process, and this article discusses several of these key issues and approaches to developing risk characterization results and their implications for risk management decision making that are specific to nanotechnology.     

A pro-active and collaborative approach to reverse logistics—a case study

Reverse logistics is considered to be the key for re-manufacturing and sustainable development. It has gained increasing attention in the last decade and has been a new frontier of strategic management. One of the driving forces for firms to adopt the reverse logistics practice is cost saving from reverse logistics activities. Another motivation to put reverse logistics forward is probably due to environmental impacts on non-returnable materials. Reverse logistics, however, may require cooperation of more than one company and hence it is generally poorly managed due to self-interest of different companies. Therefore, a pro-active and collaborative approach to reverse logistics is demanded. This paper reports a case study of using returnable packaging materials between a manufacturer and an original equipment manufacturer (OEM) supplier. A cross-company team was established to pursue the goal of the reverse logistics project. Tangible and intangible benefits of reverse logistics from this case study are presented in this paper.     

基于需求预测和模块化的应急物资库库联动方法研究

本文从应急物资预储体系整体优化的角度出发,研究应急物资在国家库之间联动的方法。综合考虑了物资的需求不确定性、模块化和时效性等性质,以应急物资预储调整方案总成本最小为目标,构建一个基于机会约束规划的线性库库联动模型。最后,我们将该方法应用到我国20个中央级应急物资储备库进行的物资预储水平模拟调整中,在相同的物资保障水平下较大幅度的降低了预储调整的成本。     

从管理与文化的关系看中国式管理

有关管理与文化的争论不应再纠缠于文化是否影响管理,而应该去研究文化究竟如何影响管理实践,以及如何在管理理论中考虑文化要素。文化不仅对管理实践具有重要的影响作用,而且对管理理论来说更是建构地方性管理知识体系的基点。在中国的管理研究中,对文化的不同处理构成了3种研究途径:管理中国化研究、中国管理研究以及管理普适性研究。从当前中国实践的需求来看,中国管理研究是最为迫切需要的。中国式管理不仅存在,而且应成为中国学者研究的重要领域。