大学生"钱途"有量

近几年,高校收费问题已经成为公众关注的焦点。高校收费和学生生活费用的不断增长,使上大学难的呼声越来越高。如今出现一个现象,家庭富裕的孩子考上大学后欢天喜地,而贫困家庭的孩子考上大学后则悲喜交加,悲在于无钱支付高昂的学费和生活费;喜在于,可以通过上学这条路改变自己的一生。中国从1989年开始实行大学收费制度,当时每学年学费是200元。据中国统计局公布     

大学生"钱途"有量

近几年,高校收费问题已经成为公众关注的焦点.高校收费和学生生活费用的不断增长,使上大学难的呼声越来越高.如今出现一个现象,家庭富裕的孩子考上大学后欢天喜地,而贫困家庭的孩子考上大学后则悲喜交加,悲在于无钱支付高昂的学费和生活费;喜在于,可以通过上学这条路改变自己的一生.     

济南:老年人维权有了“绿色通道”

山东省济南市各司法部门针对老年人维权难的现状,联合推出一系列诉讼收费减免措施,为老年人维权开辟"绿色通道"。济南市法院对老年人维权案件中符合条件的当事人,免收或减收应预交诉讼费。     

市区外围建设停车换乘中心的必要性和可行性分析——以广州车陂地区为例

面对城市私人小汽车的行车难与停车难的严峻问题,文章提出在市区外围建立停车换乘中心的设想,并具体以广州车陂地区作为调查案例,论证了在城市外围地区建设停车换乘中心的必要性与可行性。最后提出可以通过制定有吸引力的停车换乘收费政策、设置停车诱导系统、采用联运车票以及推行TOD．土地开发模式等措施,吸引进入城市中心区的私人小汽车的停车换乘,从而有效地缓解城市中心区与日俱增的交通压力。     

日本正在研究高速公路电脑收费系统

<正> 高速公路令人烦脑的问题是停车收费,由于停车,往往造成车辆严重堵塞,影响了高速公路的通行率。为解决此问题日本尖端建设技术中心正在实验一种无线电电脑收费系统。该系统变汽车停车收费为行进间收费,以减少汽车聚积和提高公路利用率。 该系统为一套无线电-电脑装置。在公路收费处设置多台电脑,每台电脑连接一个立在路旁的无线接收装置。在高速公路上行驶     

饮用电解质饮料缓解暖气病

正天气寒冷,大家纷纷用集中供暖、地暖等方式来抵挡寒流,但许多人在供暖后出现嘴唇干裂、肌肤干燥、头晕眼花、鼻出血等症状,该怎么预防?集中供暖保持温度和湿度集中供暖最让人头疼的就是其温度不能自主调节,再加上紧闭门窗,空气湿度低,各种细菌加快繁殖。建议在晴好的天气里,每天上午10时或下午3-4时之间给房间通风,可保证室内空气新鲜。在屋子里经常放一盆水,或养一些仙人掌、吊兰、发     

香港社会工作公益性收费服务的启示

在我国内地,社工服务项目都是向社区居民免费提供的,也得到了居民的认可.但是其免费服务的性质也引发了一些公益资源被浪费的问题.社工服务是否应该收费,如何收费,以及收费后钱如何支配等问题都在困扰着社工行业的良性发展,探索公益性收费服务已经成为国内社会工作发展的趋势.笔者通过几次到香港参观学习社会工作服务,在开展收费性服务方面受到很多启发.     

婚恋失范：流动青年“结婚难”的另一种解释

现有婚姻市场理论无法有效解释部分农村流动青年“结婚难”问题。本次调查研究发现：选择现代婚恋模式的农村流动青年遇到的“结婚难”问题与婚姻市场理论下的“结婚难”问题不同,主要表现为恋爱难、由恋爱到结婚难。本文从婚恋失范视角对部分农村流动青年的“结婚难”问题进行解释,即因为婚恋观和恋爱行为缺乏社会规范指导和约束而导致“结婚难”问题。     

关于突破技校招生难瓶颈的探讨

本文针对职技院校招生难这个制约学校发展的问题,围绕招生对院校发展产生的影响、解决招生难问题的紧迫性、形成招生难的原因、打破招生难瓶颈的必要性等问题进行了深入探讨。最后得出只要多措并举并持之以恒地坚持做下去,就不难打破"瓶颈",达到使职技教育健康稳定发展目的的结论。     

刍议完善行政事业收费票据管理审计工作

通过对山西省部分单位的专项审计调查发现,有些单位在行政事业收费票据使用方面还不规范,存在问题较多,还需进一步完善。进一步完善行政事业收费票据管理审计工作。     

“Heating Is More Important Than Food”

Abstract

Fuel poverty is estimated to affect millions of people in the UK, and older people are especially vulnerable. Most research into fuel poverty has drawn upon quantitative paradigms. The aim of this study, therefore, was to investigate the perceptions and experiences of older women in relation to fuel issues. Ten qualitative semi-structured interviews were undertaken during the winter of 2005. The interviews were tape-recorded and transcribed verbatim. A phenomenological approach was used for analysis. Four main themes emerged: causes of fuel poverty; managing money; heating is a priority;and government initiatives. The results from this study show that fuel poverty is an important health and financial concern for older women.     

Indoor Climate and Thermal Comfort from a Long-Term Perspective

ABSTRACT

This article discusses how a Swedish wooden burgher house, the mid-1660s Burmeister House, was adapted over the course of 250 years to satisfy ever-changing expectations of thermal comfort. The investigation is based on the climatic conditions of the Nordic Region, where the issue of thermal comfort is crucial when attempting to understand the development of indoor environments. The article explores how spatiality, heating, and interior decor and furnishing operated and affected the inhabitants' experiences of indoor climate and thermal comfort. The results show that Burmeister House followed a general pattern of improvement, especially with regard to innovations in heating. Burmeister House ceased to be a private residence when it was restored and turned into a historic house museum. Rather than revealing its history, restorations carried out in the twentieth century worked to conceal or remove most of the building's more recent history. As a consequence, the house has become more difficult to use since it can no longer be efficiently heated.     

阜新市将发展核供热

辽宁省阜新市拟采用120MW DPR—Ⅲ型深水池式供热堆进行城市集中供热。这一低温核供热第一期工程将建在离市区西北边境3.5km处,占地6万m~2,供热面积245万m~2,计划于1996年完工。文中还述及核供热站的安全问题及经济效益。     

Comparison of five approaches to keeping power line maintainers' hands warm during work in the cold

Electric utility workers in Canada must frequently work in the cold and must wear thick rubber gloves which can result in rapid fatigue and reduced performance. The purpose of the study was therefore to document the challenge of working in the cold wearing the standard five-finger rubber gloves and covers and compare them to two equipment options, mitten style gloves or a prototype wool liner, and two heating options, glove or torso heating. The dependent measures were grip force, temperature, dexterity (modified Purdue pegboard test and a simulated occupational task), finger sensitivity (Von Frey hair test), perceived effort and thermal sensation. The study population consisted of 10 experienced male utility workers. They worked in a controlled temperature walk-in chamber (-20 degrees Celsius) and performed simulated utility work for 45 minutes with interspersed test batteries. The mitten style glove and woolen liner in a standard glove reduced the effects of working in the cold compared to the standard five-fingered variety with a thin cotton liner. We found that the mitten style glove showed lesser drops in skin temperature for the 3rd and 5th digits than the other conditions (p < 0.05).     

Rural Housing Adequacy and Civic Structure

One persistent problem that many small rural towns face is housing adequacy, which encompasses interior and exterior structural conditions; assessments of heating, cooling, and sanitation systems; and residence size relative to space needs. The creation and reproduction of vibrant rural communities is grounded in the capacity of citizens to solve local housing problems. We posit that towns with strong norms of mutuality, high information flows, and inclusive behaviors have a civic structure that produces the capacity to frame and resolve housing concerns. We find that perceptions of civic structure are a significant factor in explaining the variation in rural housing adequacy, net of income, age, and tenure. This implies that the social and political environment is an important influence on the quality of housing stock found in rural places.     

The use of thermal manikin to evaluate interface pressure distribution

The use of a thermal buttocks manikin was explored as a tool to standardize the evaluation of seat comfort. Thermal manikin buttocks were developed and calibrated thermally and anatomically to simulate the sensible heat transfer of a seated person and used to evaluate interface pressure distribution. In essence, the pressure maps of manikin buttocks with and without heating were compared to those of a seated person. The results of average pressure demonstrated that the thermal manikins have a better response in interface pressure measurement than manikins without heating.     

Migration Consequences for Household Energy Consumption in a Nonmetropolitan Recreation-Retirement Area1

Abstract We consider here the energy consumption characteristics of migrants and nonmigrants in two northern Wisconsin counties characterized by relatively rapid growth as areas of retirement and recreational activities. Migrants from metropolitan areas use more electricity when measured at the meter and report driving more. Both of these differentials are sustained even after controlling for personal and behavioral variables, appliance ownership, and type of energy use. Metropolitan migrants do not spend more for space heating, although there is again a positive effect on space heating energy consumption net of the other variables. We conclude that metropolitan migrants make an energy impact on the area, due in part, to their characteristics, housing, and type of energy consumption, but also because of differences in the way they use energy. In these ways they add an element of heterogeneity to the rural community, as well as increased demand for energy consumption.     

Is there a generalized energy conservation ethic? A comparison of the determinants of gasoline and home heating energy conservation

The body of research that has attempted to identify and characterize the “ecologically concerned” or “socially responsible” consumer is challenged for its assumption that this is a single group sharing a general disposition to conserve. Based on a comparison of gasoline and home heating energy conservers from a single sample, evidence is provided that these are two unique groups and that those who are conservers in both areas form a third unique group that is closer to the original notion of a generalized conservation ethic. Implications are discussed for future research focusing on energy conservation and social responsibility.     

Comparing the health status of low-income children in and out of foster care

Children in foster care face poverty, family dysfunction, neglect, and abuse, with high rates of chronic health, emotional, and developmental problems. This study compared the overall health status of a group of children entering foster care with a group of Medicaid-eligible children living with their parents, matched for age and gender. It identified significantly more health and developmental problems in children in foster care than in the comparison group. Possible contributors to the higher percentage of problems among foster care children may be that the foster children have more problems related to the underlying risk factors resulting in placement, or that the foster care physicians conducted a more comprehensive assessment or had lower clinical thresholds. Further research is necessary to identify and treat the problems of this high-risk group.     

Exploring the Nature of the Relationship Between Poverty and Substance Abuse

Abstract

Poverty and substance abuse are two serious social problems that are often assumed to be interrelated. This article explores what is currently known about the relationship between these two problems. Four possible models for describing the interrelationship are identified: causal, risk factor, exacerbation, and spurious. The theoretical explanations from both the substance and poverty literature are discussed in light of their implications for these types of models. The public health perspective is selected from the substance abuse theoretical literature as the model that best subsumes and directs thinking about the relationship between poverty and substance abuse, because its focus on agent, host, and environment draws attention to the range of factors that can influence both problems, as well as the ways in which they come together. Findings from the research literature are then discussed within the framework of the public health model. The article concludes by outlining the gaps in knowledge and an agenda for future research.