国外养老保险城乡一体化发展的经验及启示

西方发达国家的养老保险经历了长期的制度实践和政策调适．基本形成了较为完善的城乡一体化制度模式和运行机制,尤其是多数工业化国家也同样经历了“先城市、后农村”的养老保险发展历程．这对我国当前城乡社会养老保险制度从二元分割走向统筹整合有着重要的经验启示,政府主导自上而下、城市农村双向推动、制度统分双层结合、时间序列上的分步渐进和空间层次上的梯度递进是社会养老保险城乡统筹应遵循的推进策略。     

城乡一体化社会养老保险发展阶段及实现路径研究CSSCI

立足于我国目前碎片化的养老保险制度现状,本文解析了城乡一体化社会养老保险的概念内涵、基本原则和实现条件,研究了城乡一体化社会养老保险的必要性和可行性,从城乡覆盖、城乡统筹、城乡融合三个发展阶段设计了我国城乡一体化社会养老保险制度的建设进程,提出每个进程的实现路径分别是:2012—2014年,实现城乡社会养老保险制度人群全覆盖,建立社会养老保险制度间无缝隙转移接续机制;2015—2020年,整合城乡社会养老保险制度,建立居民缴费和养老金待遇动态增长机制;2021—2030年,实行城乡统一的社会养老保险制度,建立多层次养老保障体系。     

构建城乡统筹的最低生活保障体系

文章总结并考察了中国农村救助和最低生活保障制度的现状,分析了统筹城乡低保制度的必要性、可行性和现实紧迫性。在此基础上,我们提出了农村低保的“三梯队模型”和统筹城乡低保的目标,并初步设计了农村低保制度的框架体系和资金筹措等问题。     

统筹城乡发展中的人口政策研究述评

认真研究统筹城乡发展中的人口政策问题对统筹城乡发展和统筹解决人口问题都具有非常重要的意义。统筹城乡发展中的人口政策研究涉及到了统筹解决城乡人口数量、素质、结构、分布的协调发展问题．包括了人口与计划生育、人力资源开发与教育、社会保障、就业与劳动保障等方面的内容。目前较多成果集中在人口政策对统筹城乡发展的重要性、意义、作用路径与方式等方面。未来还需要在对人口政策体系进行调研的基础上进行全面系统地研究。文章最后提出了系统研究统筹城乡发展中的人口政策内容。     

在统筹城乡发展实践中加快探索统筹解决人口问题新路子

2009年,国务院《关于推进重庆市统筹城乡改革和发展的若干意见》的颁发,标志着重庆市的统筹城乡发展上升到了国家战略。稳定低生育水平,统筹解决人口问题,促进人的全面发展,是新时期人口计生工作的战略任务。积极探索统筹城乡发展战略框架下统筹解决人口问题的新路子,主动将人口计生工作融人统筹城乡发展大背景,促进重庆人口发展和人口计生事业始终沿着健康可持续的轨迹运行,是历史赋予全市人口计生工作者的重大历史使命。     

基于Gini系数和Theil’s标准的陕西省城乡居民收入差距研究

城乡统筹发展是西部大开发的重点问题之一。研究陕西城乡收入差距问题对于制定西部大开发下城乡统筹发展具有借鉴意义。通过利用基尼系数和泰尔熵标准。精确测算了陕西省城乡居民高、中、低层次收入差距,发现改革开放以来陕西省城乡居民收入差距总体上呈上升趋势。到2002年达到阶段性的峰值。弥补了以往定性分析研究的缺陷。并提出解决陕西省城乡统筹发展的对策。     

城乡统筹战略指导下的农村最低生活保障制度建设

最低生活保障制度是绝大多数市场经济国家普遍实行的以保障全体公民基本生存权利为目标的社会救助制度。针对我国目前城乡分割的二元社会结构,基于长期以来在计划经济时期形成的重城市轻农村的发展思路,城镇和农村实施的是内容和标准完全不同、甚至是城镇低保制度优于农村低保制度的不公平的现状。如何有效解决农村的贫困问题是一个值得深思和解决的问题。本文认为,以城乡统筹的战略发展思路,建立健全农村最低生活保障制度。探索城乡统一的居民最低生活保障制度,是一条解决城乡贫困问题的有效的制度安排和政策选择。     

创新人口计生工作服务统筹城乡综合配套改革

2003年,四川省成都市委、市政府做出统筹城乡协调发展的重大决策,拉开了全市推进城乡一体化的序幕;2007年,国务院确定成都为全国统筹城乡综合配套改革试验区。几年来,市人口计生工作紧紧围绕统筹城乡发展这个中心,强化公共服务,推进公共管理,落实公共保障,重点在强化流动人口服务管理、完善利益导向政策体系和提高出生人口素质等方面创新突破,统筹推进人口计生工作。     

统筹城乡的动态人口预测与分析

对未来城乡人口进行科学详细的预测,是统筹城乡发展的基本依据。文章以浙江省为例,简要介绍了以人口普查资料和抽样调查资料为基本依据,考虑城市化进程和城乡、省际人口机械变动参数动态变化的城乡人口预测的方法。并以浙江省为例,说明如何充分利用这些人口预测结果,为统筹城乡发展提供决策依据。     

对成都市统筹城乡发展试验中 探索人口计生事业发展的调研报告

四川省成都市是全国统筹城乡综合配套改革试验区之一。2003年以来,成都市实施统筹城乡发展试验,对人口计生事业进行了统筹城乡的探索,思路逐步清晰,重点逐渐突出,难题逐步破解。     

Rethinking certification theory and the educational development of the United States and Germany

This essay places work certification at the center of all modern educational regimes. I sketch the growth of the education, training, and certification systems of the United States and Germany in new ways, highlighting the role of their highly divergent certification regimes in shaping them. Whereas Germany's education and training system, anchored in the economy through employers’ associations and unions, accords well with human capital models, American practice, governed primarily by academic interests divorced from the economy, fits much better with credentialist theory. I consider how the absence of meaningful work certification at the secondary level in the US negatively affects educational justice and has encouraged the creation of a costly, inegalitarian system of higher education. Finally, I conclude with an assessment of human capital, signaling, control, and credentialist theories of certification, one that finds them all to some degree wanting.     

The revolutionary and the Marginal-Positivist: Does the social indicators movement open up new possibilities for a dialogue?

A deep schism exists within the social sciences between the ‘Marginal-Positivist’, who feels meaningful change can be made through marginal steps in our social systems, and the ‘Revolutionary’, who feels fundamental alterations are needed before our systems will work for the betterment of mankind. This essay asks whether social indicators are compatible with the methodologies of each group, and if so, whether they offer a new possibility for a fruitful dialogue.     

农村老年人口健康视角中的农村养老保障问题的战略思考

本文从分析农村老年人口的健康问题入手,对农村养老保障问题的现状及其背景进行了分析,阐述了建立农村社会养老保障体系的战略意义,提出了建立农村养老保障体系的一些基本思路、相应对策。     

关于我国社会保障制度的改革

本文介绍了社会保障的基本理论和社会保障制度的历史和现状 ,指出了我国社会保障制度改革的必要性、紧迫性和重要性 ;并从现实存在的困难着眼 ,寻找改革的突破点 ,对政府在社会保障制度改革中的职能转变提出建议     

Youth, identity, and homosexuality: the changing shape of sexual life in contemporary Brazil

This essay examines the relationship between homosexuality and adolescence in contemporary Brazil, focusing on a distinction between two rather different systems of sexual meanings that have structured the experience of same-sex relations: a traditional model of the sexual universe that continues to dominate sexual life in rural areas, and a more modern set of notions that has become increasingly important in the cities. It examines the ways in which these rather different systems have affected the experience of same-sex desires and practices during youth or adolescence, and suggests some of the ways in which the emergence of a gay subculture in urban Brazil has transformed the range of sexual possibilities and choices currently available to young men and women.     

Masculinity, femininity, and homosexuality: on the anthropological interpretation of sexual meanings in Brazil

This essay examines the anthropological interpretation of sexual meanings in Brazil as presented in the recent work of Peter Fry. Following Fry's lead, it places central emphasis on the study of male homosexuality and sexual ideology, suggesting that these cultural domains can be fully understood only when situated within the wider context of sexual meanings in Brazil. With this in mind, it traces the historical development of a series of analytically distinct, though practically interrelated, systems of sexual classification which structure the constitution of meaningful sexual identities in Brazilian life.     

农村老年人精神文化需求调查

目前,我国农村的老年人主要存在三大需求,即养老保障需求、医疗保障需求和精神文化需求。其中精神文化需求处于农村老年人生命需求的最高层次。在实地调查的基础上,对浙江农村老年人的精神文化需求做出较为深入细致的研究分析。从制度安排、社会支持、自身设计和现实基础等四个方面提出具体对策思考与建议。     

Non-monotonicity in the longevity�Cincome relationship

In this essay, I empirically analyze the relationship between income and life expectancy for pensioners in the public pension system in Germany and find that the relationship is non-monotonic for major sub-groups in the data. Due to the application of non-parametric methods, this cannot be explained as an artifact of the estimation technique or by anomalies of the data, and the finding is robust against the inclusion of control variables. Furthermore, I theoretically derive a non-monotonic relationship between income and longevity, based on heterogeneous elasticities of labor supply and otherwise standard assumptions.     

The violence of heteronormativity in communication studies: notes on injury, healing, and queer world-making

Heteronormativity is everywhere. It is always already present in our individual and collective psyches, social institutions, cultural practices, and knowledge systems. In this essay, I provide some sketches for a critical analysis of heteronormativity in the communication discipline. More specifically, I examine the symbolic, discursive, psychological, and material violence of heteronormativity, and begin exploring ways to heal, grow, transform, and contemplate new possibilities in our social world. To accomplish this, this essay is divided into live sections. First, I discuss the study of sexuality in Communication. Next, through the notion of injury, I focus on the violence of heteronormativity. Third, using the concept of healing, I discuss ways of unpacking heteronormativity through a critique of hegemonic heterosexuality. Further, I offer potential ways for queer world-making through the lens of queer theory. I conclude by exploring the need for more sexuality research in the discipline by engaging the productive tensions between constructive and deconstructive impulses.     

Sexuality and international human rights law

This essay considers the extent to which international human rights now protect, or might protect, GLBT communities. The counterpoint between the potential width of application of international human rights instruments and their silence on sexuality has become the leitmotif of sexuality and gender identity within the international human rights framework. In addition, there is a symbiotic relationship between the international norms and domestic legal systems which directly affects the meaning of those norms. Domestic laws are not only needed to implement international norms, but are essential in overcoming the equivocations and silences of international human rights law as it has traditionally applied to GLBT communities. A fusion of the international norms with domestic legal systems through the principle of diversity, rather than the principle of equality, is needed.