1956-1976:技术革命与文化革命思想的扬抑轨迹

技术革命与文化革命思想是中国共产党探索社会主义先进文化建设的重要内容,二者分别有其自身的内涵,它们的提出与实施并不完全同步,但最终被作为一个总体战略付诸实施。技术革命与文化革命是经济文化十分落后的中国进行社会主义建设的必要选择。这一思想在实践中发挥了积极的作用,但是后来“由扬而抑”,渐被偏离,文化革命更被导入“文化大革命”的歧途。尽管技术革命与文化革命的思想曾经被误读,但因此所获得的历史经验却为1978年后的“自抑又扬”创造了条件。     

海洋:民族盛衰所系

世界列强的发展史表明,国家富强的重要原因在于依重强大的海上力量;中华古代文明的式微,同样与国家海洋政策息息相关;面对新世纪的挑战,开发海洋仍然是我们实现社会主义现代化的必然选择。     

Partners,Institutions and International Currencies: The International Political Foundations for the Rise of the Renminbi

The use of an international currency is not just a natural market phenomenon; it relies heavily on international political foundations. The historical lessons of the four major international currencies—the pound, dollar, euro and yen—show that a strong partner network and a favorable international institutional environment are the two major political foundations for the formation of a stable international currency. The rise of the renminbi, as a late starter looking to become a major international currency, depends not only on the requisite economic conditions but on governmental diplomacy aimed at attracting more monetary cooperation partners and creating international institutions that support its worldwide use. This strategy reinforces the political foundations for the rise of the renminbi. Building a network of partners supporting the renminbi as an international currency and creating a system of international monetary institutions are the real tests of the issuing country’s political leadership. This political leadership capacity has three dimensions: public trust founded on reputation building; a centripetal force driven by provision of benefits; and coercive force applied through sanctions. Comparatively speaking, the renminbi is still in the early stage of its ascent, so the development of its political infrastructure should concentrate mainly on gaining public trust through reputation-building and employing centripetal force involving provision of benefits.     

东亚模式的文化倾向及其前景--以近年日韩经济发展为中心

推动东亚起飞的东亚模式,除资源、技术、资本等经济条件外,知识、创新和发展文化学因素也是不可忽视的动力.信息化和经济全球化促进了日本价值观念的变化,日本文化在开放、变革和发展中融合新机形成自己特色,日本经济的复苏寄希望于创新知识、技术和文化的作用.韩国以技术创新变革传统文化和习惯理性,广泛吸纳新知识、新技术,并向"知识经济社会"转向.东亚以独特的文化传统和价值观念形成的地域经济和社会发展模式的革新势在必行.     

试论合法性战争与中国崛起

中国在重新崛起的过程中共参与了7场战争,即第一次世界大战、中苏边境战争、中日之间的不宣之战(1931至1941年)、世界反法西斯战争(1941年至1945年)、抗美援朝战争、1962年中印边境战争以及1979年中越战争。中国的百年崛起得益于中国人民的正义革命与合法性战争。反思中国政府在庚子事变中的战争决策失误,体现了晚清政府对外战略的落后,也是促使其国力下降的重要原因。中国重新崛起的成就,部分来源于中国战争的合法性。但“9?11事件”前后,中国在参与重大合法性战争方面有得有失。中国进一步的崛起需要加强对战争合法性与合法性战争的重视。     

宋代人物画向世俗题材拓殖状况与风俗画兴起的原因

宋代人物画创作中出现了明显的向世俗题材拓殖的现象,促成了风俗画的大量出现。尘世百态、民俗事象成为当时风俗画中常见的描绘题材,这类绘画创作在取材、立意和表现方法上充满世俗趣味,在人物画发展史上具有鲜明的特色。风俗画与院体画、文人画等一起,共同构筑了宋代绘画的整体风貌,从而也为我们全面而深入地认识宋代人物画创作提供了新的视点。     

Creating a Consensus: Psychologists, the Supreme Court, and School Desegregation, 1952–1955

SPSSI psychologists' involvement in the early civil rights movement in the postwar United States was epitomized by their involvement in the case of Brown v. Board of Education. This article examines how social scientists sought to maintain the persona of objective, scientific expert when asked to prepare briefs for the U.S. Supreme Court for the Brown case. The social scientists believed that only by collapsing what they saw as an artificial distinction between objectivity and advocacy could the social scientist become a social activist. This article is based on extensive research in numerous archives, including the papers of Gordon W. Allport, Kenneth B. Clark, Stuart W. Cook, David Krech, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, Theodore M. Newcomb, Robert Redfield, and the Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues.     

家族记忆、文化空间与地方信仰——鲁应龙《闲窗括异志》中的宋末嘉兴书写

鲁应龙的《闲窗括异志》是宋末的一部志怪小说集.书中对以当湖为中心的嘉兴府地区进行了集中书写.围绕着当地的民间传说与怪异故事,鲁应龙记述了式微科举世家鲁氏的家族记忆、当湖文化空间中的自然人文景观以及宋末嘉兴、海盐、华亭诸县的地方民间信仰.《闲窗括异志》嘉兴书写这一个案,比较典型地体现了志怪小说对于地方家族、文化、信仰的独特书写方式.与同时期的方志相比,志怪小说的地方书写多是一种具象的呈现和个人化的叙述.这种具象呈现和个人化叙述更有助于我们重构当时真实的信仰、文化图景.     

Racism, Sexism, and Candidate Evaluations in the 2008 U.S. Presidential Election

In an attempt to understand the extent to which racism and sexism influenced affect toward Barack Obama and Sarah Palin, we analyze data from a national survey conducted in October 2008. Situating our investigation in previous examinations of modern racism and modern sexism, we test competing hypotheses about the role of these attitudes in the 2008 presidential election. Our results suggest that racism had a significant impact on candidate evaluations while sexism did not. We find that respondents who hold racist attitudes expressed negative attitudes toward Obama and positive attitudes toward Palin. When interacted with party identification, racism continued to exert a strong effect, indicating findings that are robust across partisan affiliations. Sexism, on the other hand, did not significantly influence evaluations of either Palin or Obama .     

文化哲学的意义:文化模式的变迁与历史发展

当代人类生存危机的实质是一场文化危机,正是对这种危机的深刻反省,促使了文化哲学在19世纪兴起并在20世纪兴盛。文化是哲学的基础,哲学则是文化精神的集中体现,哲学和文化的这种关系决定了:哲学未来的发展形态应该是一种文化哲学。中国正面临着史无前例的社会转型,面临着从传统的自发性的农业文化向现代的自觉性文化的转变,如果没有千百年来形成的思维方式、习俗传统、生活方式和存在样态的彻底革命,现代化是不能完成的。     

The Rise and Fall of the Area Dental Officer

Reorganization of the NHS in 1974 sped up the process of professionalization of the leadership of the Community Dental Health Services. Since that event public dental officers have gained status through recognition of the need for specialists in community dental health. Nevertheless, by the beginning of 1982 no trainees had yet been appointed to begin the special training programme, thus far failing the efforts of those area dental officers who have striven since 1974 to raise the standards of their successors.     

宋代终南山地区文化资源研究

终南山既是我国古代著名的大山,又是我国古代文明孕育、诞生和发展的重要发源地。终南山文化不仅是中华文化的重要组成部分,而且在关中地域文化中也有举足轻重的地位。加强宋代以后对终南山区域的历史文化研究,挖掘这一区域的历史文化资源,注意这一区域研究的历史延续性,开展对这一区域历史时期文化资源研究,对丰富中华民族的历史文化内涵,为当地经济发展服务具有积极的意义。