“新区建设与大城市的发展”学术研讨会暨中国城市经济学会大城市专业委员会2009年会会议综述

2009年7月4日～6日、南中国城市经济学会大城市专业委员会主办、天津城市科学研究会和环渤海经济研究会协办的“新区建设与大城市的发展”学术研讨会．暨中国城市经济学会大城市专业委员会2009年会在天津滨海新区召开。出席会议的有中国城市经济学会大城市委员会的委员和有关专家、学者共56人。中国城市经济学会常务副会长龙永枢。中国城市经济学会副会长、天津市人大原副主任王德惠．天津市政协原副主席王家瑜．     

中国超大城市中小城镇发展特色的探讨——以天津市为实例的分析

我国有200万以上非农业人口的超大城市12个(1997年底),其中东部地区7个,中部地区2个,西部地区3个。这些超大城市一般都是国内经济区的最大中心城市,有的还是全国经济发展中心。这些城市除中心市区以外都辖有郊区县,因而都有相当数量的小城镇,它们是构成这些城市经济发展的重要组成部分。在加速我国城市化进程中,小城镇的发展具有重要的战略意义。而超大城市中的小城镇发展具有什么特色,很值得研究,因为它涉及到超大城市发展的趋势和质量,也关系到我国区域经济发展的前景,本文以天津作为实例作一初步的探讨。     

2004年中国大城市委员会年会暨理论研讨会在邯郸召开

2004年中国大城市委员会年会暨理论研讨会于5月4日至5月6日在邯郸召开。会议的主题是“大城市在城市化进程中的地位和作用”。会议由中国城市经济学会大城市专业委员会主办,邯郸市人民政府承办。会议代表共计80余人。邯郸市代市长王三堂致欢迎辞,中国城市经济学会常务副会长龙永枢在发言中围绕大会主题提出了“大城市发展必须坚持树立科学发展观;城市经济发展必须以效益为核心;城市化速度要因地制宜;人口素质的提高是城市现代化的重要标志;城市居民生活质量的提高是城市现代化建设的目标;环境保护、基础设施建设是城市可持续发展的重要因素…     

大城市化发展的驱动力研究

世界主要国家和地区的城市发展集中表现为大城市数量和人口的迅速增加.笔者立足国际视角,探究驱动大城市人口集聚的动力机制.结果表明,随着经济发展水平及城镇化水平提高,人口在大城市的集聚程度不断提高;技术水平越高、创新能力越强的国家,其人口在大城市的集聚程度越高;收入差距越大,其人口向大城市的集聚程度越高;便利的交通条件对于...     

以服务经济引领长三角城市群的产业发展

城市群又称大城市圈、大都市连绵区．是指在具有发达交通条件的特定区域内．由一个或少数几个核心城市（大城市构成）、若干个中心城市（中型城市构成）和众多中小城市（包括城镇等）组成的城市群落。群落内的城市之间在自然条件、历史发展、经济结构、社会文化等一个或几个方面密切联系。     

论英国大城市人口郊区化过程

在英国,大城市人口郊区化是二次大战以后,特别是60年代以来大城市人口变化的主要特点。大城市人口郊区化也是许多经济发达国家城市化进程中出现的新情况。当发展中国家普遍表现为人口不断向城市聚集的时候,许多发达国家人口迁移特点却是离开城市,特别是离开大城市。表现出明显的人口扩散现象,这种现象被称为人口郊区化。人口郊区化一旦发展到人口过度的郊区化,即逆城市化,就会给城市带来一系列的后果。本文将以英国为例,探讨大城市人口郊区化的原因、后果及其发展趋向。     

20国集团国家大城市发展的比较研究

城市化的发展不仅伴随着城市人口总数的增多,也暗含着城市规模的不断扩大.为进一步明晰我国大城市发展现状,笔者借助大城市数量、 大城市化率和大城市平均人口数3个指标,对1980年～2010年20国集团(G20)国家的大城市发展进行比较分析.分析结果表明,我国的大城市发展符合绝大多数国家所呈现的上升趋势,相对于过快发展的大城市数量而言,我国的大城市化率依旧低于日本和澳大利亚等国家,且我国的大城市平均人口数较其他国家也并未过度发展.今后我国的大城市发展应重点控制大城市数量,提高人口承载潜力较大的大城市吸纳人口的能力,加快构建大中小城市和小城镇协调发展的城镇格局.     

大都市圈的形成机制及我国都市圈的构建方略

20世纪下半叶．在全球经济恢复性高速增长、经济一体化和信息革命的共同推动下．一种新型城市化形态——大都市圈在世界范围内崛起。大都市圈的出现，极大地影响了世界城市化进程和世界地缘经济格局．在近代城市增长中具有里程碑式的意义。进入21世纪．我国各区域非均衡协调发展进入一个新的时期．大城市和超大城市不断涌现。城市问联系协作日益紧密。为此，有必要借鉴国际、国内城市发展有益经验．培育一批以超大城市为依托．具有显著带动力的大都市圈．引领地区经济、社会跨越式发展．     

对上海市西郊新市镇功能定位的思考

新市镇概念．是1902年英国B．霍华德首先提出的．它旨在通过发展大城市周边地区的居民区．解决由于城市无限制地迅速发展造成的市区过度拥挤．并使城市杂乱无章地向农村扩散．从而产生的大量的社会、经济和生态问题。因此,新市镇大部分建立在大城市附近的农村腹地．通过自身的发展．容纳、分散市区过分拥挤的人口,促使城市自身有秩序地发展。     

浅谈小城市留守妇女存在的问题及其对策

随着城镇化进程的加快,许多小城市和大城市之间的差距在逐渐缩小。尽管大城市小城市基本物质生活水平没有太大差别,但大城市由于人口众多,流动性大,观念思维更与国际接轨,在文化氛围、就业发展机会和信息资讯上仍具有显著优势,发展致富的途径丰富多样,直接导致许多小城市劳动力特别是男性劳动力在不断向大城市转移,继而小城市也出现了像广大的农村出现的一种普遍现象,即所谓的留守妇女群体。该类人群承受着与丈夫的分离之苦,担负着抚养子女、赡养老人的责任。小城市留守妇女现状问题是需求与现实的矛盾所产生的,面对现状,正视解决,对于妇女发展、城市建设、社会和谐等问题具有重要的现实意义。     

Back and Forth and Beyond

The Journal invited Tom Andersen, author of major pioneering work on the reflecting team, and his colleagues, to offer comment on The Reflecting Team Process in Training. We thought such a north-south dialogue was in keeping with the spirit of reflecting teams, and the team members in Melbourne and Tromsø agree — Editor.     

Time and aging--mechanisms and meanings

A recent European Molecular Biology Laboratory Conference on Science and Society entitled "Time & Aging--Mechanisms & Meanings" fascinated scientists from different research areas as well as nonscientists. Topics discussed included not only the biological aging process but also the psychological effects of aging and social influences that affect this process.     

Arts and Crafts and Reconstruction

Abstract

This paper examines the role of arts and crafts in reconstructing communities after times of upheaval, their use in creating employment opportunities, and their impact on the nature of South African art history. It looks at craft initiatives during and after the Johannesburg World Summit on Sustainable Development in 2002, and draws parallels with early twentieth-century initiatives, particularly those of Florence Phillips, who founded the Johannesburg Art Gallery in 1910, Emily Hobhouse, who established Boer home industries, and the South African National Union, which promoted the manufacture and use of local products.     

Sexual Compulsivity and Sexual Behaviors Among Gay and Bisexual Men and Lesbian and Bisexual Women

Within the existing body of research, the information pertaining to sexual compulsivity (SC) among women, both homo- and heterosexual, remains rather limited in comparison to men. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of SC in a community sample of gay and bisexual men and lesbian and bisexual women and to identify differences in sexual practices based on classification as sexually compulsive within gender. Supporting previous research, the findings indicated that gay and bisexual men were significantly higher in SC when compared to lesbian and bisexual women. Similarly, sexually compulsive gay and bisexual men were more likely to report drug use with sex than their non-sexually compulsive peers, suggesting that “party n' play” may play a larger role for men with SC. In addition, the findings demonstrated empirical support for the proposition that lesbian and bisexual women with symptoms of SC were more likely to engage in specialized sexual behaviors in comparison to their non-sexually compulsive peers. These data suggest that SC manifests differently in gay, lesbian, and bisexual men and women.     

Evening and night work schedules and children's social and emotional well-being

ABSTRACT

An emerging body of evidence shows that parents’ non-standard work schedules have a detrimental effect on children's well-being. However, only a limited number of studies have investigated mediating factors that underpin this association. Likewise, only a few studies have examined the impact of fathers’ non-standard work schedules on children's well-being. Based on data from the Families in Germany Study (FiD), this study aimed to address these research gaps. The sample consists of parents and their children at ages 7–8 and 9–10 (n?=?838 child observations in dual-earner families). The data were collected in the years 2010–2013. Non-standard work hours were defined as working in evenings and or at night (every day, several times a week, or changing as shifts). Children's social and emotional well-being was measured with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). The findings show that both mothers’ and fathers’ evening and night work schedules are linked to an increase in children's externalizing and internalizing behavior and that this association is partially mediated by mothers’ and fathers’ harsh and strict parenting, with a stronger mediation effect for fathers parenting.     

Thinking and Speech and Protocol Analysis

Some form of verbal report—that is, a research participant' s concurrent or retrospective verbal account of thought processes during problem-solving activities—has been used throughout this century as the database from which psychologists have developed theories of human mentation. Newell and Simon (1972) and Ericsson and Simon (1980, 1993) have provided extensive justification for using one such method, protocol analysis, as a tool for investigating cognition from an information-processing (IP) perspective. Their arguments have characterized protocol analysis as a methodology capable of providing evidence of the ways in which people attend to information stored in short-term memory to solve problems, with the evidence providing them with the grounds from which to generate models of human cognitive processes. A different view of protocol analysis is available from the perspective of cultural-historical activity theory (CHAT) based on the work of Vygotsky (1987), Leont'ev (1981), and others, and its concern with the mediation of human development by culturally and historically grounded signs and tools. Because of its emphasis on culturally channeled development, a CHAT perspective views speech, including the speech that serves as evidence for cognition in psychological research, as a tool that potentially enables changes in consciousness. In this article I outline a CHAT perspective that accounts for protocol analysis along three key dimensions: (a) the relation between thinking and speech from a representational standpoint, (b) the social role of speech in research methodology, and (c) the influence of speech on thinking during data collection. The purpose of this discussion is not to refute the IP perspective on protocol analysis but to illustrate how this method can be viewed through a CHAT lens and to identify alternative assumptions that must be made to use it from a CHAT perspective.