华明镇景观湖给水方案比较

一、背景 华明镇位于天津市东丽区,紧邻空港物流加工区,是天津市第一个以宅基地换房的示范镇。在新思路的指导下,以退宅还耕为突破口,加大农村居民点整治,盘活农村存量土地,保护和节约土地资源,构建生态、和谐、宜居型小城镇。华明镇景观规划原则是尊重自然环境,延续地域文化,提升环境景观品位,打造生态环保的现代华明景观。     

天津市青年农民受教育现状调查

农民教育问题是关系到农民整体素质的提高,加快实现农业现代化,以及加快农村富裕劳动力转移的进程。我国农村教育问题,特别是青年农民的教育问题比较紧迫,亟待我们解决。本文通过对天津市五区一县1200户农民综合情况的问卷调查,分析了青年农民受教育程度现状及特点等方面的问题。     

加强农村劳动力技能培训的对策思考

纵观大多数农村劳动力技能培训方面的研究成果，对农村劳动力技能培训范围的界定大多数为农村劳动力转移的技能培训。本文的研究则认为：对农村劳动力进行技能培训，应当包括以下几个基本方面：一是科学又化基础教育。二是农业技能的培训。三是非农业技能的培训。四是引导性培训，主要是针对向非农产业转移的劳动力进行的，     

新型农民培训体系的建构

目前，新型农民培训在农民教育培训供给机构、经费投入、培训内容、教学资源等方面虽已取得一定成绩，但还存在培训的主体职能定位不清、培训场所系列化建设滞后等不少问题。本文探讨如何通过完善管理和运行机制、健全科学的农民培训内容体系等途径，着手构建新型农民培训体系，从而更好地为新农村建设服务。     

论农村青年人才成长的文化环境的优化

我国要在21世纪建设成为农业强国，农业教育是基础，农业科技人才是关键。因此，我们要从一亿五千万的农村青年中，培养出高素质的农业科技人才，以充实我国农业生产第一线。文化环境从精神层面作用于人才素质，其影响力更为直接和持久，对此，优化农村青年人才成长的文化环境具有重要性和必要性，本文阐述了如何优化农村青年人才成长的文化环境，促进农村青年人才健康成长。     

简讯

2013年元旦前，正定县委老干部局组织开展了离退休干部与农村好青年党的十八大精神学习培训}会。参加培训l的离退休干部和农村青年纷纷表示，     

如何做好新形势下青年员工培训工作

新时期新形势下企业对人才的要求不断提高,青年员工是推动企业发展的动力,加大对青年员工的潜能挖掘,可以促进企业的飞速发展。然而在新形势下青年员工的培训工作还存在许多问题需要解决,因此,新形势下如何做好青年员工的培训工作是十分重要的。笔者针对现阶段青年员工培训工作中的问题加以分析,并提出相应的解决对策。     

乡村振兴战略下农村青年思想政治教育研究

农村青年是活跃在农村建设舞台上的重要力量,在当前乡村振兴战略背景下,农村青年思想政治素养的高低直接关系到乡村振兴战略的落实情况。在乡村振兴战略背景下,开展农村青年思政教育工作,一定要搞清楚乡村振兴战略与农村青年思想政治教育二者的关系,认识到对农村青年开展思政教育的重要性。在进一步研究当前农村青年思想问题新特点的基础上,从夯实农村青年思政教育的物质基础、形成良好的教育环境、壮大思政教育队伍、改善教育方法,扩宽教育载体四个方面着手,推动农村青年思政教育发展,以促进乡村振兴战略的进一步落实。     

新林权改革:青年农民参与缺失和利益困境

农村新林权改革发生于青年农民大规模外出务工的时空背景中,改革过程中存在严重的青年农民参与缺失问题,而这一问题的根本原因是山林经济效益过低及村级制度实施的异化。随着山林市场价值的提高,参与缺失导致青年农民的权益受损和利益维护困境,具体包括山林收益低下、市场化融入受限与纠纷解决困难等。青年农民作为我国林业未来发展的主力军,如何解决其因参与缺失形成的利益困境,是后林权改革时代政策设计中亟待解决的难题之一。     

农村职业技术教育存在的问题与解决路径

农民的职业技术教育关乎新农村建设,关乎农村社会以及整个社会的和谐。但目前我国的农村职业技术教育还存在着较多问题,必须提高认识,加强领导,整合资源,提高实效性,创新教育培训模式。     

农村青年对新农村建设主体的认知及实践

农村青年对新农村建设主体的认知和实践是农村青年研究的重要方面。共同的利益驱动使农村青年获得主体认知,农村青年认为自己有一定的社会地位并对主体义务有明确的认知。依据在农村的身份、地位、经济实力等因素,农村青年自觉地分成不同的类型,并展现出惰性与积极性并存、紧张性与闲散性并存、责任性与谋利性并存的行为特点。角色分类是客观反映农村青年主体行为的有效方法,农村社会与农村青年是利益社会与社会利益中的人,中间型农村青年可以成为新农村建设的非正式领导力量。     

Paradoxes of Providing Rural Social Services: The Case of Homeless Youth

Abstract Economic and demographic changes in rural areas continue to introduce big‐city problems in small towns. These communities' ability and willingness to respond are likely to be influenced by the geography, culture, and array of organizations in rural places. But how these characteristics of rural places shape local response is hard to predict and as yet unexplored. This article reports data from interviews with social‐service providers and homeless youth in a rural county in the northwestern United States, drawing insights from both groups about the challenges of providing social services in rural places. Findings about drug use, sexual abuse and prostitution in rural communities illustrate how aspects of a rural context can influence the way small towns address social problems.     

Influence of Perceptions of Current and Future Community on Residential Aspirations of Rural Youth

Outmigration of youth has concerned rural communities and researchers for several decades. Yet not all communities experience extensive youth outmigration and some youth want to stay in their rural communities as adults. This article examines youth satisfaction with their current community and the importance of characteristics of the community in which they would like to live as an adult for youth preferences to leave or stay in their rural community. The data are for rural ninth‐grade youth in Pennsylvania from the Rural Youth Education Project. The results suggest that perceptions of available jobs and educational opportunities in both current and future community, parental and friend influences, and the quality of the natural environment and outdoor recreation are important in determining residential aspirations. In particular, identifying a clean natural environment and outdoor recreation as important in the adult community increases the likelihood that rural youth have residential aspirations to stay in their rural community. This research adds to our knowledge about factors important in determining youth residential aspirations by identifying attributes of community beyond jobs and educational opportunities that youth find attractive as they consider places to live as adults.     

The Role of Social Capital in Educational Aspirations of Rural Youth*

Drawing on a recent national survey of rural high school students, this study investigated the relationship between social capital and educational aspirations of rural youth. Results showed that various process features of family and school social capital were important for predicting rural youths' educational aspirations beyond sociodemographic background. In particular, parents' and teachers' educational expectations for their child and student, respectively, were positively related to educational aspirations of rural youth. In addition, discussion with parents about college was positively related to educational aspirations of rural youth. On the other hand, there was little evidence to suggest that number of siblings and school proportions of students eligible for free lunch and minority students are related to educational aspirations of rural youth, after controlling for the other variables. We highlight unique features of rural families, schools, and communities that may combine to explain the complexity of the role of social capital in shaping educational aspirations of rural youth.     

The mobility imperative for rural youth: the structural,symbolic and non-representational dimensions rural youth mobilities

Mobilities of money, symbols and young people themselves are central to the formation of the contemporary youth period. While rural young people remain marginal to theoretical development in youth studies, this paper shows that mobilities are especially significant for rural youth, who experience a kind of mobility imperative created by the accelerating concentration of economic and cultural capital in cities. Drawing on theory and evidence from contexts including Europe, Australia, Africa and South America, this paper explores the mobility imperative for rural youth and offers a new theoretical framework for understanding rural youth mobilities. The framework understands mobilities across three dimensions: the structural, the symbolic and the non-representational. These dimensions refer to material inequalities between rural and urban places in a global context; symbolic hierarchies that concentrate the resources for ‘youthfulness’ in cities and the affective entanglements between embodied subjectivities and spaces that emerge as young people move. The paper shows how these dimensions interact in the production and experience of the mobility imperative, offering an ontological and theoretical platform for future research into rural youth mobilities.     

Ropes course training for youth in a rural setting: “At first I thought it was going to be boring ...”

Outdoor structured activities, such as Ropes Challenge Courses, are typically utilized as interventions for youth coming from urban settings. Evaluation of such programs is scanty at best. In this instance, the course experience is used as a prevention tool for high risk youth in a remote, rural setting of high unemployment, alcohol problems, and low income. The authors discuss the effectiveness of this approach, and the intended and unintended consequences for the rural community at large. The evaluation design relies on extensive qualitative methodology as well as quantitative methods to capture the unique nature of this rural project.     

“Do you guys hate Aucklanders too?” Youth: voicing difference from the rural heartland

This paper extends recent work in the geography of childhood and youth studies by examining the ways in which rural youth voice their understandings of what it means to be a young person at this historic moment (the end of the twentieth century) in New Zealand. Youth First¹ has been a nationwide project which has sought to privilege what young people 10–17 years say as a basis for evaluating the last 15 years of economic and cultural change in New Zealand. Over the course of 3 years a methodology was used to constitute spaces where youth voices would be heard. Focus Groups and “Youth Tribunals” have been conducted across New Zealand involving young people from diverse social and ethnic backgrounds. This methodology was supported by a development programme for beginning researchers also from diverse backgrounds and disciplines, and by the significant participation by young people in the design and conduct of the “Youth Tribunals”. Their participation has been critical to the power of the methodology to constitute spaces where rural youth have provided rich testimonies about their complex lives. While the voices of rural youth in the study resonate with national youth themes, including the theme of “not being listened to” they also speak to the nuances and differences in the lives of rural New Zealand youth. We would argue that in sharp contrast to the organizing concept of one “rural childhood” our research clearly shows that there are different possibilities in growing up rural. Maori and Pakeha² youth for example draw on different cultural and linguistic resources to voice their relationships to place and identity. Although vehemently clear about the ways in which they were excluded from participation in community life and their strategies of resistance, rural youth in this study also provided analyses which showed their commitment to positive possibilities which they saw as part of rural lives and communities.     

新型农村社区建设与青年参与

在新型农村社区建设中,社区建设吸引青年返乡回流,青年成为新型农村社区建设的突击队和生力军,两者之间形成良性的互动关系。从实践来看,青年参与新型农村社区建设,主要表现为思想带动型、就业促进型、项目带头型和社会管理型4种介入方式。共青团组织依托新型农村社区建设的契机,通过组织格局创新、终端阵地建设和活动品牌融入,实现对农村青年的再组织化,成为新型农村社区建设的一支重要力量。     

Gun violence exposure and trauma among rural youth

This study compared rural youth exposed to gun violence and rural youth not exposed to gun violence on a number of variables: anger, anxiety, dissociation, depression, posttraumatic stress, total trauma, violent behavior, parental monitoring, and levels of violence in the home, school, and community. One-fourth (25%) of the rural youth in this study reported having been exposed to gun violence at least once. Youth exposed to gun violence reported significantly more anger, dissociation, posttraumatic stress, and total trauma. In addition, youth exposed to the violence of guns reported significantly higher levels of violent behaviors and exposure to violence in other settings and also reported lower levels of parental monitoring. The present study contributes to the growing body of literature addressing the stereotype that rural communities are not immune to the violence of firearms. This stereotype acts as a barrier to mental health practice, research, and policy issues in rural communities.     

‘The brainy ones are leaving’: the subtlety of (un)cool places through the eyes of rural youth

The aim of this paper is to study place dynamics in relationships between academically-oriented young people and their local rural places. With point of departure in rural settings with less obvious flagship attractions and cultural assets compared to urban high amenity settings, the paper contributes to the limited literature on the perception of place among academically-oriented youth, who in future potentially belong to the professional category of knowledge workers. Addressing identity, place and the concept of cool in relation to rural youth, we analyse the ?ndings from 23 qualitative, in-depth interviews conducted with 49 young people in secondary education in two rural regions of Denmark to identify place dynamics in the relationships between these young people and their local places. The paper adds to the youth literature by demonstrating how rural youth produce, articulate and maintain identities and visions for desired futures with aspirations for urban lifestyles. Findings show that the interviewed youth's relationships to their local rural place are characterised by con?icting feelings of attachment, detachment, pride and entrapment, and that such feelings reflect on identity construction and seem to play an important role for future migration intentions.