高校大学生助学贷款风险因素分析

国家高校大学生助学贷款制度有力地保障了我国教育机会均等、科教兴国战略等教育目标的顺利实施,大力扶持了困难大学生,解决了困难大学生"上学难"的问题,但在具体实施过程中,由于一些大学生缺乏诚信、还款能力不足等因素,加大了助学贷款面临的风险。通过分析大学生国家助学贷款面临的各种风险因素,提出相应解决措施,以期有助于减少大学生助学贷款的各种风险。     

从公民诚信意识看待高校助学贷款存在的问题

本文针对国家助学贷款问题中具体问题具体分析,分别从高校助学贷款的三个主体逐一探寻不足之处,并从公民诚信的角度对所寻问题进行逐一解析,剖析诚信还款的表面现象,内化出诚信公德在公民践行社会主义核心价值观过程中的重要意义。     

高校视角的国家助学贷款风险的分析与防范

国家助学贷款是促进教育公平、提高家庭经济困难学生资助水平的一项重要举措。当前国家助学贷款运行中存在信用、社会、管理、政策方面的风险,高校在助学贷款体系中的重要角色定位,反映出高校在贷款管理、风险防范等方面承担的重要职责,因此从高校视角提出国家助学贷款风险防范的对策建议,可以促进其正常运行和可持续发展。     

国家助学贷款风险控制浅析

国家助学贷款是一项利国利民的助学政策，这项政策不仅保证了教育的公平性，同时对于提高我国人民的基本素质起到了关键作用。但是自从国家助学贷款推行以来，违约现象严重制约了国家助学贷款的发展。本文以此为基础结合目前国家助学贷款中所存在的问题提出相应的解决方法，以此来保证国家助学贷款的正常发展。     

国家助学贷款学生信用缺失和催收问题探讨

国家助学贷款作为贫困生资助体系的重要组成部分，已越来越成为维系高校办学和稳定的最主要手段之一；但另一方面学生的贷款信用已引起了社会的普遍关注，学生贷款信用缺失引发了一系列争议。本文拟在高校学生助学贷款宏观体系范围内，从学生自身、学生家庭、高校、社会、政府、银行等多方面分析贷款学生信用缺失的原因，提出多部门、多层次、多角度共同构建学生贷款信用体系，解决大学生贷款信用问题，并探讨国家助学贷款的有效催收方式。     

我国高校资助工作存在的问题及对策研究

我国已建立了贫困大学生资助体系,帮助贫困大学生顺利完成学业,但资助体系还存在着资助经费来源单一、国家助学贷款还款信用差、勤工助学岗位有限、贫困认定缺陷等问题。本文结合存在的问题,提出了相应对策,指出国家、学校、社会需共同努力,进一步完善资助工作,更好地服务于贫困大学生。     

供应链融资风险管理的六大要素

供应链融资是一种针对企业集群的系统性融资安排，具有资金供给结构化、资金使用特定化、强调还款来源的自偿性等一系列特征。从风险管理的角度看，供应链融资比银行传统的流动资金贷款业务运用的技术手段更为复杂。     

从国家助学贷款还款违约现象谈大学生诚信教育

面对当前国家助学贷款还款违约率居高不下现象,提出了面对出现的大学生诚信危机,应当弘扬中华传统诚信美德,树立正确诚信价值观。在高校学生工作中要重视、加强诚信教育,积极探索诚信教育的方法和措施,真正培养出谨守诚信的新一代大学生。     

关于国家助学贷款政策的认知度调查研究——以清远市佛冈县为例

国家助学贷款是一项推动高等教育改革、帮助高校经济困难学生顺利完成学业的重要政策。根据走访并对广东省清远市佛冈县高中的学生及其家长进行问卷调查,经过统计数据分析后,探究其认知现状,分析出其认知方面存在的问题,依照实际情况,从完善学生贷款的咨询和服务体系、加大对拖欠贷款的惩罚力度、宣传子女教育重要性等方面提出相应的改善措施。     

大学生助学贷款中的若干法律问题

国家助学贷款制度是一项利国利民、功在千秋的社会制度,作为我国高等教育制度改革中的一项重要保障性制度,在发展完善过程中难免存在种种困难或疑惑。在市场经济条件下,我们只有在国家法治理念的指导下依靠国家助学贷款制度法律化带来的科学严谨性设置及强制保障力来保证国家助学贷款制度能够健康、可持续地发展。本文审视了现有的国家助学贷款制度相关法律规定,不可否认,我国的国家助学贷款制度已有了长足的进步,但尚存在许多不足之处,解决这些不足之处是我们的当务之急。     

Asset Ownership and Microloan Repayment: Examining Data from Bangladesh

Employing data for 34,255 loans made by the Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee (BRAC) to 12,455 repeat borrowers during the 2002–6 period, this article examines the relationship between borrowers' asset holdings and microloan repayment. Estimating a series of binomial probit specifications, it finds a positive relationship between land ownership and loan repayment; however, taken collectively, ownership of non‐land assets diminishes the likelihood of repayment. Influences of specific assets on repayment probabilities vary across asset types: ownership of land, corrugated tin houses, vans and rickshaws increases the likelihood of repayment, while ownership of sewing machines, televisions, radios and bicycles corresponds with a decreased repayment probability.     

GROUP SIZE AND SOCIAL TIES IN MICROFINANCE INSTITUTIONS

Microfinance programs provide poor people with small loans given to jointly liable self-selected groups. Follow-up loans provide incentives to repay. We experimentally investigate the influence of those features on strategic default. Each group member invests in an individual risky project, whose outcome is known only to the individual investor. Subjects decide whether to contribute to group repayment or not. Only those with successful projects can contribute. The experiment ends if too few repay. We investigate group size and social ties effects and observe robust high repayment rates. Group lending outperforms individual lending. Self-selected groups show high but less stable contributions. (JEL C90 , H41 , I38 , O16 , Z13 )     

China's development loans and the threat of debt crisis in Kenya

The increased access of African countries to external capital markets has rekindled interest in growing external borrowing and placed debt sustainability at the forefront of the continent's policy agenda. In this article, we discuss the conceptual link between external loans and debt challenges. In this article, the analysis is cast in the context of new sources of loans triggered by Sino–African co‐operation. The article examines the main sectors targeted for financing in Kenya, how the Chinese‐funded projects have been structured, the financial models adopted to deliver on the projects, and the overall gains from such projects. Ultimately, the article examines the external debt situation in Kenya and how Chinese loans are likely to precipitate a crisis of sustainability. The analysis shows that, although the external financial support plays a critical role in addressing the gap in Kenya's infrastructure development, the loans also pose risks of debt sustainability in the longer term, Chinese loans particularly are tied and lack transparency. The emerging debt challenges point to the need for policy reforms in favour of enhancing loans transparency and the beneficial impacts. This would enhance the repayment capacity of borrowing countries.     

Repayment rate of loans from semi-formal financial institutions among small-scale farmers in Ethiopia: Two-limit Tobit analysis

Improving small-scale farmers’ access to credit is one of the ways of achieving increased agricultural productivity to reduce poverty in Ethiopia. In this study, a two-limit Tobit model was used to analyze the determinants of repayment rate of loans from semi-formal financial institutions among small-scale farmers in Ethiopia. Small group lending, was found to be related to the loan repayment rate of the farmers positively and significantly. Furthermore, agro-ecology, total land holding size, total livestock holding, experience in the use of agricultural extension services, contact with extension agents and income from off-farm activities were found to affect the loan repayment rate of the households significantly. Consideration of these factors would reduce default rates on borrowed funds from semi-formal credit sources in the area.     

The Convergence Between Outreach and Financial Performance in Mediterranean MFIs: A Panel Data Analysis

There is a long-standing debate on the relationship between outreach and financial performance in the microfinance institutions (MFIs). Although previous researches have reported contradictory results, many of these studies suffer from problems of misspecified model and/or restricted data. In this paper, we employ a static panel data analysis to empirically examine the impact of outreach on financial performance for a sample of 16 Mediterranean MFIs over the 2001–2008 period. Our evidence implies, first that the non-governmental organizations commercial viability increases with average loan size. Second, this commercial viability also increases with the number of outstanding loans per women. Finally, neither targeting the poor nor targeting women affect the repayment default.     

Consumers’ credit card repayment decisions: The role of higher anchors and future repayment concern

We investigated two aspects of credit card repayment decisions: the extent to which the anchoring effect of minimum repayment information may be mitigated by information on alternative anchors, specifically repayments that would repay the balance in two years (Study 1) or nine months (Study 2); and the role of future repayment concern. In two experiments, three realistic credit card statements were presented with different outstanding balances. Participants, who were randomly allocated to one of four information conditions depending on supplementary information provided on the statements, stated how much they would repay that month. They were then asked about concerns they would have about repayment difficulties if they had a fixed consumer loan over three years. In Study 1 the alternative two-year repayment anchor had a negative effect on percent repayment, whereas in Study 2 the nine-month repayment anchor had a significant positive effect, especially for those with higher future repayment concern. Also, in both studies, future repayment concern had a direct inverse effect on repayment decisions which partially mediated the effect of disposable income. It is concluded that the addition to credit card statements of a table of cost and duration information for a range of repayment amounts may usefully support repayment decisions.     

The Price of Opportunity: Race,Student Loan Debt,and College Achievement

This paper examines racial differences in student loan debt and concurrently assesses the potential payoffs and countervailing risks inherent in reliance on loans in a cohort of black and white first‐year college students. Using the 1996–2001 Beginning Postsecondary Student study we find that the use of loans results in greater enrollment persistence and higher odds of college completion, especially for black students. However, black students acquire larger amounts of student loan debt and face a higher risk of default than white students. This is in part due to associated racial differences in family socioeconomic status and type of institution attended. We suggest these findings illuminate the dual‐sided nature of college loans that makes them an imperfect, but overall positive, tool for reducing educational inequality. On the one hand, student loans reduce educational inequality that otherwise results from disadvantaged students' struggles to pay for college and complete college in a timely fashion. At the same time, the degree to which loans reduce racial inequality is diminished by black students' higher loan amounts, the large number of black students who borrow but do not finish college, and the large racial difference in the odds of defaulting on a loan.     

The impact of student loans on college access,completion, and returns

Nearly half of all first‐time undergraduates take a loan to pay for college, and many students will borrow tens of thousands of dollars by the time they leave. Low‐income students and students of color borrow student loans more often and in larger amounts, yet attend less selective institutions, are more likely to drop out with debt. Among students who complete college, those with larger amounts of debt may struggle to pay back their loans or to invest in a house, family, or future education. Researchers are just beginning to untangle how the availability and use of student loans affects college access, educational attainment, and life after college, yet this topic has important implications for economic inequality and social stratification. In this article, we summarize what is known and what remains to be investigated, about the impact of student loan availability and use on college enrollment, degree completion, and postcollege outcomes.     

Government Student Loan Default: Differences between Graduates of the Liberal Arts and Applied Fields in Canadian Colleges and Universities

Les programmes de prêts étudiants du gouvernement sont de plus en plus disponibles pour permettre aux étudiants de familles défavorisées un meilleur accès à l'éducation. En revanche, il est inquiétant d'observer des niveaux d'endettement élevés chez les étudiants et les difficultés qu'ont certains à rembourser ces dettes. Dans cette étude, des données de l'Enquête Nationale auprès des Diplômes 2005 (END) de Statistiques Canada sont analysées dans le but d'établir des liens entre les domaines d'étude et le non‐remboursement des dettes sur les prêts étudiants du gouvernement pour un échantillon de diplômés des collèges et universités. Les analyses prennent en compte les effets de facteurs alternatifs liés au statu socio‐économique et aux revenus. Les résultats démontrent que le niveau d'éducation (collégial versus universitaire) et les domaines d'étude sont des déterminants importants du risque de non‐remboursement des dettes sur les prêts étudiants deux ans après l'obtention du diplôme. De plus, ces résultats sont stables en tenant compte des différences de revenus. Government student loan programs have become increasingly available to provide opportunities and upward mobility for students of disadvantaged backgrounds. Rising student debt and its impact on the repayment experiences of recent postsecondary graduates has become an important concern. This study employs data from Statistics Canada's 2005 National Graduates Survey to examine the relationship between field of study and loan default on government‐supported student loans for graduates of community college and baccalaureate‐level university programs when controlling for many factors relating to sociodemographic characteristics and earnings. Overall, both level of schooling (college versus university) and field of study are significant predictors of whether graduates report defaulting on their government student loans within two years of graduation. However, these findings are relatively unrelated to earnings.     

LIFE AFTER DEBT: POSTGRADUATION CONSEQUENCES OF FEDERAL STUDENT LOANS

We estimate the causal effect of student loans on postgraduation labor market outcomes exploiting a kink in the formula determining eligibility for need‐based student loans. Using a representative sample of students graduating with a bachelor's degree in 1993, we find that student debt has nonnegative effects on earnings. This result holds with differing levels of statistical significance across a battery of different empirical designs: (1) ordinary least squares, (2) partially linear, and (3) regression kink. We find similar results for the 2008 graduating cohort. (JEL I22, I26, J32, J33)