上海香港立法制度比较

香港经济的有序发展,与其完备的法律制度密切相关。本文将上海、香港的法律结构和立法机制,立法程序作了比较,介绍了香港的法律改革委员会的职能,提出了香港法制建设方面可供上海借鉴的经验。     

中国内地惩治知识产权犯罪的路径——以香港特区知识产权制度为参照

知识产权制度是促进人类经济发展、社会进步、科技创新、文化繁荣的基本法律制度。在知识经济时代,中国内地应与香港特区加强各方面包括法律及其相关制度的横向交流。通过对香港与内地知识产权立法的有关问题进行比较、借鉴,完善中国内地惩治知识产权犯罪的路径,切实保护知识产权,实现刑事正义,服务于经济社会发展。     

香港的高等教育──漫谈香港教育制度之二

在相当长的时间里，香港的高等教育才从一枝独秀发展到二者抗衡。其标志即1911年成立的香港大学，与1963年成立的香港中文大学。香港大学是港英殖民政府建立之后建成的第一所高等学府，放香港大学的诞生也预示了香港高等教育制度的建立。由于港大的办学宗旨是培养通晓西方文化知识，熟悉英国法典制度，能在治理与建设香港社会中发挥积极作用的社会精英，故早期活跃于香港社会各界的人土大都有在港大学习的经历。即便是在上海成名的女作家张爱玲，因战争阻碍了她去英国伦敦大学的求学之路，转而在具有同类教育制度的香港大学度过了她的大学生…     

公民法律意识与法治——公民法律意识的法治功能及其塑造

一、公民法律意识：法治的社会思想基础法治，作为奠定于现代商品经济和民主政治基础之上的理想治国方略，其要义不只在于完善的法律制度及其严格的执行和遵守，更在于法律及其运作过程中所内含的法治理念———民主、自由、平等、人权价值的要素和取向，“立法所表现出的...     

管仲与梭伦法治观之比较

管仲与梭伦分别为中国古代先秦时期齐国和古希腊雅典城邦最有影响的改革家和立法家。法治观方面，管仲与梭伦同属“以法治国”论者，主张立法必须符合国情民意，同时还强调法律的稳定性。为使各项立法得到落实，达到目的，管仲和梭伦都比较重视宣传、法律教育。虽然在许多方面有共同之处，但两个人的法治观又在立法权归属、执法监督、处罚制度等方面存在着明显的不同之处。管仲与梭伦在立法观上的巨大差异是其各自所处的政治、经济、文化背景所决定的，背景的巨大差异决定了二人的立法观不可能取得一致。管仲与梭伦两种不同的法治观分别反映了不同社会制度下的政治发展方向：齐国是为争霸，雅典则是为了平息平贵斗争。管仲、梭伦的法治观对后世影响甚大，直至今日仍可见到影响所大。     

关于社会主义初级阶段的法律思考

面对我国目前所处的社会主义初级阶段的特殊历史条件,如何作出应有的法律思考呢?这是本文所要探讨的问题。全文从如何优化社会主义初级阶段的法律意识、如何加强与完善初级阶段的法律规范体系建设和法律制度体系建设、如何把握初级阶段法律建设的度等三个方面论述了我国目前及今后相当一段时间内的法律思考。文中对全国普法工作提出了几点建议并就“法学幼稚”问题提出自己的看法;主张在法制建设中既要反对滞后立法又要防止超前立法,认为超前立法与超前立法意识不是一个概念;在分析了法律数量上的度、法律规范上的度和法治程度上的度后认为在初级阶段,以人治配合法治并促进法治从而为走向法治创造条件是一种不以人们意志为转移的必然过程。     

论侦查权的法治化

现代法治的核心是行政权要受到法律的有效控制.侦查权作为一种行政权力,其法治化是现代法治国家对其进行控制与规范的基本规律.侦查权法治化的有效途径是从立法上将其宪法化,同时遵循法律保留原则和比例原则.我国侦查权在法治化过程中在立法上还存在种种弊端与不足,需要按照法治化原则的要求对其加以改造.     

立法建议与民主立法关系研究

立法是国家的重要政治活动,人民参与立法是人民参政的重要形式。民主立法原则不能只以人民选举的代表表决通过法律的形式来体现,还要贯之于人民直接行使立法权的方式。立法建议就是人民直接行使立法权的基本方式,它还是法律正当性源泉之所在。立法建议和民主立法原则既是民主政治的重要内容,同时在法治背景下,前者是实现后者价值的必然规则。     

论行政法治的法制基础

行政法治作为法治国家建设系统工程的重要组成部分是不可或缺的,而且被认为是实现法治工程总体目标的关键。要实现行政法治的目标,必须强化制度建设:要完善和推行公务员制度,为建设高素质的行政执法队伍提供保障;要加强行政组织立法,创建行政机关科学合理的体制结构,保证行政权配置的正当性;要建立一套公平、公正和科学的行政程序法律规范体系,从法律程序上规范行政主体的权力行使,维护行政权运行过程的正当性。     

粤港澳大湾区规则衔接和协同立法的可行性路径研究

粤港澳规则衔接和协同立法是大湾区合作建设发展深化的题中应有之义,也是大湾区法治建设一体化的必然选择。面对大湾区规则衔接和协同立法过程中存在的制度差异较大、政策法规体系性不强、部分政策法规地域特色不明显、立法协调操作程序不完善及政策法规协同性评估制度设计不足等困境,需要围绕创新大湾区规则衔接和协同立法的制度内生动力、打造系统性强协调性高的大湾区法律体系、加强大湾区规则衔接和协同立法的自身区域特色、规范大湾区规则衔接和协同立法过程中的立法协调操作程序、建构大湾区规则衔接和协同立法的协同性评估制度及其创新性互动实施制度等六个方面,加强大湾区的规则衔接和协同立法的可行性,以期实现大湾区法治建设一体化的目标。     

Deprivation and Poverty in Hong Kong

Despite high and rising real incomes, the poverty rate in Hong Kong remains a cause of community concern. The government has been reluctant to set a poverty line, although the recently (re‐)established Commission on Poverty has recommended that a poverty line for Hong Kong is developed. Against this background, this article reports results derived from a new deprivation study designed to shed new light on the living standards of the poorest in the community. Reflecting international studies, deprivation is identified as existing when people do not have and cannot afford items regarded by a majority in the community as being essential for all. A list of 35 basic needs items is identified as meeting this definition, the results indicating that around 30 per cent are deprived of at least two items, over 18 per cent are deprived of at least four items and 10 per cent are deprived of at least eight items. Deprivation rates are particularly high among items that meet basic health needs. A mean deprivation score index (MDIS) is then used to compare the degree of deprivation experienced by different groups, and indicates that deprivation is most pronounced amongst those receiving Comprehensive Social Security Assistance (CSSA), people affected by a disability and recent migrants. The overlap between deprivation and income poverty is also relatively low, which suggests both measures have a role to play in identifying who is most vulnerable and guiding where policy change is most urgently needed.     

Adult and child deprivation in Hong Kong

There is growing interest in the application of Townsend's deprivation approach to provide estimates of poverty that more directly reflect the living standards of those on low income. The consensual approach is applied here using data from the second wave (conducted in 2015–2016) of the Trends and Implications of Social Disadvantages in Hong Kong survey. The article draws on a related study that identifies separate lists of items deemed “necessary for all” by a majority of adults (aged 18 years or older) and children (aged 10–17 years). Those unable to obtain at least three of these items are identified as deprived, and the profile of household deprivation is examined in terms of the family types most affected, age groups, and numbers of children. Further analysis focuses on the disparity between children identified as living in households identified as deprived according to information provided by adults and children whose deprivation status reflects their own views. Finally, the overlaps between deprivation and four measures of poverty—two objective and income based and two subjective and perception based—are examined and discussed. The results indicate that deprivation and poverty are different but that, however it is measured, more needs to be done to address poverty in Hong Kong, including further improvements in the coverage and adequacy of health service provision and social security benefits.     

Social Welfare Development in Hong Kong

The Social Welfare Department of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region government attaches great importance to building a caring and harmonious society. The department has spearheaded social welfare reform initiatives to meet the community's changing needs, maximize utilization of public funds, ensure sustainability of welfare services, and promote service diversity, choice and accessibility. Achievements in the various service areas exemplify the policy of building a caring and harmonious society. In the coming years, the department will strive for continuous improvement by forging partnership with the government, the welfare sector, the business sector, and the public at large to provide quality and sustainable services to meet life's challenges.     

香港电影的符号式人物

香港国际电影节是香港一年一度的电影盛会。4月13日,第27届香港电影金像奖又诞生了新一届的影帝、影后——李连杰和斯琴高娃,这再次验证了是金子总会发光,是好演员终会获奖的说法。如果说获奖之前的寂寞是最大的磨练,那么获奖之后的暗淡就是最大的无奈。历时30多年的电影节上诞生了一届又一届的王者,可怎奈风流总被雨打风吹去,如今他们或悄然隐退或已暗淡失色,如五     

Respite Service for the Elderly in Hong Kong

A pilot project on respite service for the elderly was established in 1989 in Hong Kong. Both the idea of respite service and its practice model were borrowed from the western societies; it was not clear how well the Chinese elderly people and their families would accept this new service. An evaluative study was thus designed to find out the effectiveness of the pilot project. Data were collected from two sources: the elderly clients who have received respite service and their principal carers. The findings indicated that Ihe average utilization rate of the service was low and a seasonal fluctuation existed with much higher rates during the summer months. Ninety-three percent of the princi- pal carers were satisfied with the service and 76% of them would consider re-using the service. Nearly half of the carers previously considering institutions changed their minds. Attitudes towards car- ing relationship after using the service, of both the elderly clients and their principal carers, however, showed controversial resulls. Geron- tological social work practice implications are discussed.     

Hong Kong: workfare in the world's freest economy

Chan CK. Hong Kong: workfare in the world's freest economy Int J Soc Welfare 2011: 20: 22–32 © 2009 The Author(s), Journal compilation © 2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd and the International Journal of Social Welfare. Workfare was introduced in many countries to suppress welfare dependency and reduce social security expenditures. However, workfare was launched in Hong Kong when there was only a relatively small social security budget and its citizens still strongly adhered to the ideologies of self‐reliance. It was found that workfare has performed several functions in Hong Kong. First, by forcing unemployed claimants to give up benefits, Hong Kong has been able to save on social security expenditures. Second, workfare has combined with Hong Kong's semi‐democratic polity so that extremely stigmatising welfare measures have been implemented. Third, it has pushed poor citizens into the labour market without having any protection over wages and working hours. Thus, the combination of workfare and a semi‐democratic polity has successfully suppressed Hong Kong's welfare demands and strengthened its self‐help spirit. As a result, Hong Kong's minimal social security scheme and its low tax policy have been maintained.     

Parenting stress and anger: the Hong Kong experience

This paper examines the relationship between parenting stress and anger. A study was done on parenting stress and anger and its form of expression among Hong Kong Chinese parents. Three measures were used in the study: Abidin's Parental Stress Index/Short Form (PSI/SF; 1990), the Maternal Social Support Index (Pascoe et al. 1981) and Spielberger's State Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI; 1991). A total of 475 parents of children in a primary school participated in the study. The Chinese PSI/SF and the STAXI showed good inter-item reliability. The study helped to provide a profile of the parenting stress and the style of anger expression of Hong Kong Chinese parents. Stress was not found to be related to the year of the children in school or the general socio-economic conditions of the family. But stress correlated positively with anger expression. Multiple regression showed that anger expression was most strongly related to Trait Anger, the Difficult Child scores and the social support available to respondents. Rather than blaming the parent or the child, it is suggested more services should be provided to enhance the anger management, problem-solving skills and social support of the parents.     

Risk and its Management in Post-Financial Crisis Hong Kong

In the 1970s and up until the financial crisis occurred in the late 1990s, Hong Kong prospered in a relatively stable social, economic and political context. Since the financial crisis, however, its population has been increasingly exposed to risk: there has been job uncertainty and decreasing capacity for self‐reliance, leading to a growing reliance on public welfare and on families at a time when both are under pressure. The old welfare policies, unable to cope with the new risks, have been replaced by neo‐liberal reforms, redistributing the roles and responsibilities of the individual and the state, with a greater burden falling on the former. Individuals are required to be prudent to manage risk. While these reforms have relieved some of the burden on the state, both new social risk groups and ‘net taxpayers’ considered themselves to have borne disproportional costs. Society is facing serious problems resulting from ineffective old welfare policies, new social risks due to new policies, and the political upheavals arising from increased social conflicts and weakened social cohesion and solidarity. A further complication is that there is no acceptable platform or agent to negotiate a compromise between the polarized groups. This article argues that reliance on publicly funded risk coping strategies or on neo‐liberal risk prevention and mitigation strategies is not a desirable and sustainable policy. A commonly accepted political platform is required to negotiate a compromise which emphasizes shared and balanced roles and responsibilities, and a well‐conceived combination of risk prevention, mitigation and coping strategies.     

自助团体在香港发展的普遍性与价值性

作为一种重要的社会力量和满足人们需求的资源,自助团体的发展为香港的社会服务带来了新的活力。自助团体提供的服务在某些方面比专业领域提供的服务有效和廉价得多。除了对个人有所帮助外,它还能影响一些社会福利及医疗政策,使团体成员在宏观层面上获益。